中國古代典籍異文繁多，古人訓釋典籍，理當參詳眾本異文，考定字句意義。在校勘學研究方面，前人所論古人校書方法，亦有謂其廣集異本，進行比對校勘，把注家引用異文當作專為校勘之手段。至於訓詁學及異文研究的討論方面，前賢學者亦以為古人注書標示異文，僅為展示他本差異，校勘異同。即使論及異文，亦只局限於討論同一種書的不同版本，或今古文之別，並認為直至清人注書校書，方通過異文比對，探求古書字詞真義。 / 本論文集中討論由漢代至唐代古書注疏與異文之關係，以鄭玄《禮記注》、韋昭《國語解》、王肅《孔子家語注》、楊倞《荀子注》、成玄英《莊子疏》為中心，輯錄諸書有關異文，囊括古今文字異文、互見文獻、引書異文、出土文獻異文、類書異文等，以之比對該書注文，查考當中有關聯者。在訓詁學研究方面，本文據上述比對材料，考證漢唐注疏諸家運用異文以為訓詁之例，詳析其以異文為訓詁的方法及準則，繼而考察後代注疏對漢代經師注書方法的承傳，以及對後世訓詁方法的影響，從而梳理異文訓詁從漢代開始的發展脈絡。在語言學研究方面，則通過古籍傳注與異文的比對，分析一些古代字詞之通名與別名，以及辭書未有收錄的通假字、近義字，望能補正前說之未備。 / 在個別典籍及注家的研究方面，則根據注家所選用之異文，探討其學術思想之淵源及取向，如從鄭玄《禮記注》與出土文獻郭店簡、上博簡〈緇衣〉的相合詞例，探討三種版本於〈緇衣〉文意理解相輔相成的關係；從韋昭《國語解》的異文選材，查探其注史方法，並與杜預《春秋左傳注》相關釋項比對，考析二書之互見關係；從王肅《家語注》的選材運用，探討《孔子家語》的真偽，並王肅對《家語》學說淵源的看法；從楊倞《荀子注》對諸書之參考程度，分析楊倞對荀子與諸子關係的看法；從成玄英《莊子疏》大量採納互見文獻《淮南子》、《文子》，考析其對三書關係的看法，並側探成玄英的道家思想背景。 / It is generally believed that annotators before the Qing dynasty provided textual variances of ancient texts simply for the purpose of collation. This thesis proposes that textual variances actually serve as a type of commentaries on language and content from the Han through the Tang dynasties, and it examines the various examples of such usage. The texts covered by this study include Zheng Xuan's 鄭玄 (ca. 127-200) Liji zhu 禮記注, Wang Su's 王肅 (ca.195-256) Kongzi jiayu zhu 孔子家語注, Wei Zhao's 韋昭 (ca. 204-273) Guoyu jie 國語解, Cheng Xuanying's 成玄英 (fl. 631-656) Zhuangzi shu 莊子疏, and Yang Liang's 楊倞 (fl. 805-820) Xunzi zhu 荀子注. Through investigating their selecting criteria of textual variances, this research examines their scholarship and their influence on later scholars. The first chapter investigates the relation between the excavated texts and the received edition of "Ziyi" 緇衣. The second chapter evaluates Wei Zhao’s method in commentating Guoyu and comparing it with Du Yu's 杜預 (ca. 222-285) annotation to the Zuo zhuan 左傳. The third chapter delves into the authenticity and the origin of Kongzi jiayu 孔子家語. The fourth chapter analyzes Yang Liang’s perceptions towards the relation between Xunzi 荀子 and the other works of Han and pre-Han philosophers. The last chapter explores Cheng Xuanying's appreciation of the relation between Huainanzi 淮南子, Wenzi 文子, and Zhuang Zi 莊子, as well as his Daoist background. Ultimately, it aims to shed light on the method in citing textual variances as commentary and its development. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 林麗玲 = The relation of textual variances to the commentaries of ancient texts / Lam Lai Ling. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 168-173). / Abstracts also in English. / Lin Liling = The relation of textual variances to the commentaries of ancient texts / Lam Lai Ling.

Russian literature is traditionally regarded as one that served a model and guide for Chinese intellectuals in developing their national literature. It is also recognized that Eastern European literatures drew much attention of Chinese intellectuals in their quest for national identity and modernization. This thesis is aimed at providing a more detailed look at the Chinese- Slavic literary discourse of the 1920’s, focusing on Russian literature as a recognized literary “authority” of the time, and Ukrainian literature as an example of a literature of an oppressed nation, which went under both Russian and Eastern European “labels” at the time. I argue that challenged by a deep social and political crisis, Chinese intellectuals were compelled to develop a unique form of national identity, basing it on two usually mutually exclusive forms of nationalism, which manifested itself in the literary works of the period.

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En Chine dynastique, les femmes étaient bien souvent confinées à l’espace domestique, et leurs rôles sociaux s’inscrivaient nécessairement au sein de la cellule familiale. « Filles de », épouses ou mères, leur existence était subordonnée à celle de l’homme, père ou époux. A travers l’analyse du prisme littéraire féminin, cette thèse se propose de montrer comment le XXème siècle a renversé les paradigmes traditionnels. Il s’agira d’analyser de quelle façon le genre, les rôles sociaux féminins ainsi que les rapports entre les sexes ont été représentés, redéfinis et subvertis par les écrivaines tout au long du siècle dernier. / In Dynastic China, women were often confined in domestic space, and played social roles within family unit only. They were daughters, spouses and mothers, and considered subordinate to their fathers and husbands. This thesis aims to show how the twentieth century challenged traditional paradigm through the filter of Chinese female literature. This work thus analyses the literary representation, redefinition and subversion of female gender, female social roles and relationshipbetween men and women throughout the last century.

Univerzita Karlova Filozofická Fakulta Ústav Dálného východu Teorie a dějiny literatur zemí Asie a Afriky Disertační Práce Mgr. František Reismüller Vedoucí práce: Prof. PhDr. Olga Lomová, CSc. 2019 Multilayered Subversion and Double-edged Subjectivity: Chinese Avant-garde Literature of the Second Half of the 1980s Abstract This thesis analyzes Chinese avant-garde literature of the second half of the 1980s in order to identify the main literary features that are common for the otherwise very diverse works of this literary current. First part of the thesis describes literary-political conditions, discursive changes and literary-theoretical discussions between 1978 and 1989 related to the rapid development of Chinese literature of that period and relevant for the following analysis. Second part then analyzes works of selected authors of the Chinese avant-garde literature and using Western literary theory in combination with the theoretical background described in the first part of the thesis it identifies the most important characteristics of the given literary current. The thesis then reaches the conclusion that the works of the Chinese avant-garde literature of the second half of the 1980s show a critical amount of common features, such as subversion, metafictional elements or questioning of the...

本論文之研究是以張載的人性論為中心課題。 第壹章緒論部份，旨在說明人性論是張載思想體系的重心，並以此證明張載人性論的研究有其必要性。從當代對張載思想的研究來看，顯然有將張載的思想視為「唯氣論」的傾向，致使一般人認為張載是因其「氣」的觀念獨樹一格，而在中國思想史上奠定了他的地位。然而，張載之被視為北宋理學的奠基者，係因其分性為「天地之性」與「氣質之性」的觀念奠定了理學人性論的基礎，因而得與周敦頤、程顯、程頤並稱「周張二程」。由此可見，張載地位的確定，是因其人性論而來。此外，就張載本人的學思用心來看，開展出他整個「正蒙」、「眨愚」、「訂頑」教化思想體系的理論核心乃是其人性論，而其「氣化論」則是他用以興繼儒學的手段。近人之所以特重張載的氣化論，而忽略其人性論，可以說是受到大陸唯物觀點的影響，因此，本文的寫作乃嘗試以人性論為重心來探討張載的思想體系，期能凸顯出張載人性論的重要性。 第貳章至第肆章則是本論文的正文部份，係以張載的人性論為重心展開研究。第貳章首先往上推究其人性論的理論基礎－氣化論; 第參章接著就探討其人性論的具體內容; 最後第肆章往下探討其人性論落實在人性修養的相關議題，如命、心、變化氣質等等。總的來說，人性根源於氣之性，因此，人性之中也就蘊涵有天性的靈明純善，此即為「天地之性」; 但因稟氣有清濁厚薄之異，所以也就產生了障蔽靈明本性的「氣質之性」。因此，人必需要透過變化氣質的修養過程才能「善反」「天地之性」的純粹至善。 第伍章結論部份，旨在探討張載人性論在中國思想史上意義: 一則為儒家的人性理論建立了本體論基礎; 一則是成為宋元時期理學家論性的基礎，就這一點而言，張載的人性論可以說在某一種程度上解決了自先秦以來就聚訟紛紛的人性善惡的問題。

論文提要 論文名稱：中央研究院所藏石印木福州評話研究 通過日期：民國八十七年六月十一日 福州評話又名「清書」，與北方說書、蘇州評話同源異流，為福建省福州方言語系的主要曲藝活動之一；歷來學者或視作評話，或歸人彈詞，然皆無法完全涵攝其文類特質。中央研究院所藏石印本福州評話在質、童上均頗為可觀，雖未刊行、流佈，卻是釐清諸多疑點，並忠實反映原貌的第一手資料。本文即欲針對此一範圍，進行敘錄，分析作品的類屬、套諳、語言特色、精神意涵等以，闡明其文獻意義。 本文共分十章：第一章緒論，簡述研究動機、文獻檢討、研究範圍及方法。第二章中央研究院所藏石印本福州評話敘錄，詳細對照中央研究院所藏石印本福州評話，整理書目、微卷編號、作者、出版項和頁數箏，便便於檢索，且就已知題材來源，略加分類。第三章福州評話的類屬、淵源及其表演方式、流傳概況，乃根據現有研究成果，探討其類屬、形成過程、表演方式和流行區域、慨況，試圖對部分論點的矛盾處，提出懷疑與修正。第四章中央研究院所藏石印本福州評話的版本問題，分形式、內容兩方面，按版本種類、題目、頁數、行數、字數、裝訂與出版時地、創作編輯、語言文字等，逐一說明。第五章中央研究院所藏石印本福州評話的套語，歸納其開頭、結尾套語的類型。第六章中央研究院所藏石印本福州評話的語言特色，首先列舉常見字詞，加以解釋，凸顯其詞語特色；再由聲情細節，討論其語言性質。第七章中央研究院所藏石印本福州評話呈現的精神意涵，則考察其寫實的風俗民情、瑣細中見理性的審美標準及強烈的社會關懷，多與福建當地獨特的文化結構，有著密切聯繫。第八章論近人所編有關石印本福州評話的的目錄及故事內容，除《中國俗曲總目稿》、《王以炤存中國通俗小說書目》外，福州籍人士回憶錄和近時出版的書面作品，亦一併蒐集討論。第九章中央研究院所藏石印木福州評話的文獻意義，主要經由前述各章研究所得，確定其為唐宋以來講唱文學演變的史料、近代閩南歌仔發展的佐證和臺灣地區俗文學研究的寶藏。第十章結論，總結全文，勾勒中央研究院所藏石印本福州評話的整體輪廓及規劃可行的後續研究目標。

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of English

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