A mensuração da Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde (QVRS) tem se tornado um componente integrado na avaliação clínica e também na avaliação de resultados de novos tratamentos, inclusive em crianças e adolescentes. Estudos sobre o processo de adaptação transcultural de instrumentos são importantes para a obtenção de medidas válidas e confiáveis. Este estudo metodológico, transversal, teve como objetivo descrever o processo de tradução, adaptação cultural e validação do instrumento DISABKIDS-37 para o Brasil, incluindo a análise de suas propriedades psicométricas iniciais. A pesquisa foi conduzida em ambulatórios pediátricos e a amostra incluiu 118 crianças e adolescentes com asma ou diabetes e seus pais ou cuidadores. Além do DISABKIDS-37 foram utilizados dois outros instrumentos, relativos à validação semântica. Os softwares Multitrait Analysis Program e Statistical Package for Social Sciences, 10.0 auxiliaram as análises, que revelaram valores para a estatística alfa de Cronbach de = 0,92 e = 0,93, para a versão crianças/adolescentes e pais/cuidadores, respectivamente. A análise das correlações entre itens e dimensões, mostrou validade convergente e discriminante satisfatórias. A versão adaptada do DISABKIDS 37 para a cultura brasileira pode constituir-se em instrumento válido e confiável para mensuração da Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde de crianças e adolescentes com condições crônicas. / The Quality of Life Related to Saúde (QVRS) has became a component in the clinical evaluation and also in the evaluation of results of new treatments, included children and adolescents. Studies about the process of cross-cultural adaptation of instruments are important for the obtain valid and confiable measures. This methodological study, cross-sectional, aims to analyse the translation, cultural adaptation and validation process of the DISABKIDS 37 and its beginnings psychometric analysis. The study was conducted in pediatric ambulatories in a sample of 118 children and adolescents with asthma or diabetes and their parents or carengivers. Another two instruments was utilized to analyze the semantic validation. The internal consistency of the DISABKIDS 37 was calculed using Cronbach´s alpha with the softwares Multitrait Analysis Program and Statistical Package for Social Sciences 10.0. For the overall score the values were = 0.92 for child version and = 0.93 for proxy version. The DISABKIDS 37 discriminates well chronic conditions. It distinguishes between differences in the impairment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children with different chronic conditions. We believe that the finally versions of the DISABKIDS 37 for Brazil could be a useful tool for analyse HRQoL in children/adolescents with chronic conditions.

No description available.

The guideline development process can be challenging when diseases are rare. The development of the NHF-McMaster Guideline on Care Models for Hemophilia Management presented an opportunity to identify methodological challenges for guideline development in rare diseases. Several methodological challenges were identified in the evidence gathering and assessment stages. Eight challenges were presented in the development of a systematic review on care models for hemophilia management. The barriers to conducting the systematic review were mostly due to the paucity of high quality evidence in hemophilia care models. Due to the paucity of high-quality evidence typical of a rare condition such as hemophilia, indirect evidence from other chronic conditions were sought through an overview of reviews. Seven challenges were identified in the development of an overview on integrated multidisciplinary care for the management of chronic conditions in adults. The barriers were mainly due to unestablished methodology for conducting overviews, and the challenge of applying this evidence in the context of hemophilia for the guideline. To overcome the methodological challenges with evidence gathering and assessment for rare disease guideline development, the decision-making process to derive solutions were transparently presented. Overall, the methodological challenges as well as apparent facilitators from a rare disease setting are shown to be related to the barriers and facilitators at the research, clinical, and guideline development phase. As a result, using an example from hemophilia, this thesis has demonstrated that it is possible to develop high quality guidelines for rare diseases. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for older adults (≥65 years) that is associated with reduced quality of life and risk of institutionalization. This convergent, mixed methods research study, informed by a model of clinical complexity, explored the complexities for older adults living with UI and T2DM, and home-care nurses providing care to this population in Ontario. In the quantitative strand, the most recently completed Resident Assessment Instruments for Home Care from 2011-2016 for older home-care clients with diabetes were analyzed to determine the prevalence and correlates of UI. The qualitative strand used interpretive description methodology to explore the experiences of 18 older adults living with T2DM and UI receiving home-care services and the experiences of 15 home-care nurses caring for this population. These data sources were converged to describe the factors that contributed to complexity for older adults with UI and T2DM: (a) challenges of living with multiple chronic conditions (MCC), medical instability, and high care needs; (b) financial barriers; (c) lack of understanding of older adults’ values and preferences by health-care providers; (d) caregiver burden; and (e) functional impairments. The health-care system contributed to this complexity through: (a) inadequate and minimal provision of nursing and interprofessional home-care services; (b) task-focused structure of home care; (c) minimal interprofessional collaboration; (d) lack of an integrated communication system; and (e) lack of navigation to community resources. Providing health-promoting care for older adults with UI and T2DM requires a system-wide enactment of integrated care that takes both a person- and family-centred care and social determinants of health approach. Interventions for older adults with MCC should involve standardized and comprehensive assessment, care coordination, enhanced nursing service provision, and interprofessional team collaboration to attend to the dimensions of complexity and ensure the needs of older adults and their caregivers are met. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Many older adults with diabetes have urinary incontinence that is emotionally and physically bothersome. These older adults also receive home-care services. In this study, older adults were asked about how they care for their diabetes and incontinence and how their home-care workers help them with this care. Nurse participants were asked how they help older adults with diabetes and incontinence and the challenges they face. The results of home-care assessments done in Ontario were also analyzed to learn how common incontinence is in older adults with diabetes and factors associated with having incontinence. The study found many factors, such as living with many chronic conditions and lack of finances, as well limited home-care service provision and the task-focus of home care created challenges for these older adults. The findings can help in making changes to home-care service delivery to improve care for older adults and their caregivers.

No description available.

A prevalência do Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) está em ascensão por todo mundo; no Brasil é considerado um problema de saúde pública. O tratamento visa controle glicêmico e depende prioritariamente de mudanças de hábitos de vida - tratamento não medicamentoso (TNM), podendo associar terapêutica medicamentosa (TM), e requer acompanhamento contínuo de saúde. Esse acompanhamento deve ser realizado prioritariamente nos serviços de Atenção Básica, com suporte de outros pontos da rede de atenção à saúde quando necessário. O presente trabalho tem objetivo de analisar a participação das pessoas com DM2 no processo de cuidado frente acompanhamento em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS), localizada no município de Ribeirão Preto, SP. Pesquisa quantiqualitativa, norteada pelo referencial teórico do processo de trabalho em saúde, com coleta de dados realizada em duas etapas: a primeira com obtenção de dados a partir das fichas de cadastro do HIPERDIA da UBS Amendoeira em Flor e segunda, realizada junto a pessoas cadastradas no HIPERDIA e com consulta médica agendada, sendo convidadas 64 pessoas, e após a utilização de critérios de exclusão e o consentimento destas, permaneceram 25 pessoas junto com as quais foi realizada coleta de dados por meio de observação não participante de atendimento na UBS e entrevista semiestruturada no domicílio. Para a realização da pesquisa, foram seguidos preceitos éticos. Os dados quantitativos foram submetidos a análise estatística descritiva simples e os dados qualitativos passaram por análise de conteúdo na vertente temática. Os resultados foram apresentados a partir de três temas: 1) Contexto de vida das pessoas com diabetes; 2) Representação do DM2 na vida das pessoas e os cuidados produzidos; 3) Mediação com a rede de atenção à saúde: articulações para a produção de cuidado frente ao DM2. Os entrevistados, pessoas com DM2 cadastradas na UBS Amendoeira em Flor, são em sua maioria mulheres, idosas, com escolaridade até nível fundamental, apresentando comorbidades além do DM2, principalmente relacionadas a complicações cardiovasculares; moram com familiares; e seu contexto de vida, também é marcado pelas condições de cuidado mediante as demandas do trabalho. Constatamos que as características pessoais influenciam nos cuidados dispensados ao DM2 e podem subsidiar a produção deste cuidado. A relação mediada com a condição de adoecimento agrega concepções de saúde-doença-cuidado e influenciam o enfrentamento desta condição, bem como a adesão ao tratamento. Verificamos que essas pessoas utilizam a rede de atenção à saúde, sendo a UBS, a referência para a maioria delas, buscam também serviços ambulatoriais e de urgência e emergência, além disso, articulam recursos privados e utilização de serviços que se caracterizam como informais para a rede de saúde, como forma de qualificar o acompanhamento em saúde. A participação se configura em práticas individualizadas com vistas a qualificar o próprio cuidado, estando ausente a concepção e prática da participação social. Ao longo de todo o trabalho analisa-se que a produção de cuidados ainda é pautada pelo modelo biomédico e com ênfase no TNM. A participação do usuário no processo de cuidado se efetiva alheia à relação com o profissional de saúde e se configura nas escolhas feitas para efetivação do cuidado / The prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (DM2) is on the rise around the world; in Brazil is considered a public health problem. Treatment focuses on glycemic control and depends primarily of lifestyle changes - not drug therapy (NDT) and may involve drug therapy (DT), and requires continuous monitoring of health. Such monitoring should be performed priority in the Primary Care services, with support of other parts of the health care network when needed. This study aimed to analyze the participation of people with DM2 in front monitoring care process in a Basic Health Unit (BHU), located in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Quanti-qualitative research, guided by the theoretical framework of the health work process, with data collection carried out in two stages: the first with obtaining data from HIPERDIA registration forms of UBS Amendoeira em Flor and second, conducted with people registered in HIPERDIA and scheduled medical appointments, were invited 64 people, and after the use of exclusion criteria and their consent, 25 people remained with which data collection was carried out through not participant observation in the attendance in the UBS and semistructured interview at their home. For the research, ethical guidelines were followed. Quantitative data were submitted to simple descriptive statistics and quali tative data passed by content analysis in the thematic side. The results were presented from three themes: 1) Context of life of people with diabetes; 2) DM2 representation in people\'s lives and produced care; 3) Mediation with the health care network: joints for the production of care face the DM2. The interviewees, people wi th DM2 registered at UBS Amendoreira em Flor, are mostly women, elderly, with schoolari ty up to elementary level, presenting comorbidities beyond DM2, mainly related to cardiovascular complications; live with family; and their life context, it is also marked by the care condi tions with demands of work. We find that the personal characteristics influence the care provided to DM2 and may subsidize the production of this care. Mediated relation to the illness condition adds health-illness care concepts and influence face this condition, as the treatment adherence. We found that these people use the health care network, with the UBS, as reference to most of them, also seek ambulatory and, also, articulate private resources and use of services that are characterized as informal for health network, in order to qualify monitoring in health. Participation is configured in individual practices in order to quali fy the proper care and without a concept and practice of social participation. Throughout the work is concerned that the production of care is still guided by the biomedical model and with emphasis on NDT. User participation in the care process is effective alien to the relationship with the health care professional and is configured in the choices made to provide care

Introdução: Assim como várias outras condições crônicas que, segundo a OMS representarão 78% da carga global das doenças em 2020, o câncer chegou na agenda dos gestores de saúde, provocando-os a pensar em novos modelos de organização do sistema. Modelos onde o foco sai do indivíduo e vai para a população, onde se busca mais do que a cura da doença, mas a melhoria das condições de saúde da população assistida. Por influência do conceito de Organizações Integradas de Saúde (IHCO) desenvolvido por Shortell (EUA), vem de Mendes a base conceitual da Portaria Ministerial de 2010 que estabelece a base para a composição das redes de atenção à saúde onde a população e suas necessidades determinam a oferta e a prestação de serviços especializados. Nas redes temáticas, como a oncológica, os hospitais são pontos de atenção com alta densidade tecnológica, atuando nas condições agudas e nos momentos de agudização das condições crônicas, com o papel de estabelecer diretrizes clínica, gestão da clínica e processos de substituição. A rede oncológica do estado de São Paulo tem sua implantação ocorrendo de acordo com as Portarias ministeriais que determinam os critérios de atendimento e, a partir de 2011, passa a contar com uma estrutura de governança composta por um comitê de referência técnico-científico com participação dos especialistas dos serviços habilitados de maior representatividade e coordenado pelo ICESP, como apoio ao gestor estadual. Objetivo: Estudo da rede oncológica do Sistema Único de Saúde no estado de São Paulo por meio da análise da estrutura da rede instalada e habilitada para tratamento e suas características quanto ao perfil e distribuição dos estabelecimentos, estrutura e serviços disponíveis e produção mínima anual para a manutenção da excelência, utilização da capacidade de produção frente às necessidades epidemiológicas e a produtividade nas modalidades de tratamento oncológico, a saber, cirurgias oncológicas, procedimentos de quimioterapia e radioterapia. Método: Estudo de caso único e integrado. Foram utilizados dados secundários do DATASUS, INCA, RHC e CNES e dados coletados de documentos oficiais do Comitê de Referência em Oncologia do Estado de São Paulo. Utilizados como parâmetros de referência a Portaria SAS/MS n0 140 de 2014, a Portaria GM/MS n0 1101 de 2002, Relatórios de Produção ICESP de 2013 e literatura. Para a análise e interpretação dos dados foi utilizada estatística descritiva por meio de números absolutos, percentagens e medianas. Resultados: De acordo com o CNES, em abril de 2013 estavam habilitados 72 estabelecimentos para atendimento de oncologia no SUS, sendo 16 CACONs, 51 UNACONs e 5 Hospitais Gerais com Cirurgia Oncológica. A maioria eram hospitais gerais, privados não lucrativos, de grande porte e porte especial e com atividades de ensino. Pelo critério populacional, o estado possuía 1 serviço habilitado para cada 581.961 habitantes, distribuídos de forma desigual pelas 17 RRAS, com variações de 1 serviço para 269.373 habitantes a 1 serviço para 2.717.672 habitantes. Com relação à estrutura e serviços disponíveis, 80% dos hospitais estavam em conformidade para cirurgias oncológicas, 31% para quimioterapia e 74% para radioterapia. Em relação à produção mínima, somente 13% dos hospitais estavam conformes em cirurgias oncológicas, 42% em quimioterapia e 14% em radioterapia. Para atender a demanda de cirurgias oncológicas seria necessário utilizar 21% dos leitos cirúrgicos disponíveis nos hospitais e 21% e 26% das salas cirúrgicas eletivas; sobrariam 539 das 901 instaladas para as sessões de quimioterapia e, para radioterapia, sobrariam 49 equipamentos. Na análise da produtividade, para atender a produção 2013 com índices de produtividade do ICESP, seriam necessários 13% dos leitos cirúrgicos, 14% das salas cirúrgicas eletivas, 159 poltronas a mais e 21 equipamentos de radioterapia a menos. Com relação a comparação entre a demanda estimada 2014 e a produção de 2013, observou-se na quimioterapia e radioterapia um percentual maior que 100%, a saber, 292% e 169%, respectivamente. Somente para cirurgias oncológicas a produção foi menor que a demanda estimada com índice de 53%, principalmente nas cirurgias urológicas e dermatologia. Conclusão: A rede instalada apresenta estrutura e tamanho suficiente para atender a demanda de casos novos de câncer, porém há diferenças regionais e ampla variação de produtividade entre os serviços, o que provavelmente impacta no acesso dos pacientes, promove a criação de filas de espera ao mesmo tempo em que há serviços com ociosidade das instalações. Os recursos empregados na rede oncológica seriam melhor utilizados com a adoção de ferramentas de gestão, como a regulação de casos, por exemplo, que auxiliaria na distribuição dos casos de acordo com a demanda, competências instaladas e disponibilidade dos serviços / Introduction: Cancer has arrived to the agenda of the health managers, making them wonder about new models for the organization of the system. By influence of the Integrated Health Care Organizations (IHCO) developed by Shortell (USA), the conceptual base for the composition of the Brazilian health care system comes from Mendes, in it the population and its needs determine the offer and the provision of specialized services. The oncology care network of the state of São Paulo has its implantation being done according to the ministerial orders which determine the attendance criteria and, since 2011, it has started having a management structure composed by a committee of technical and scientific reference with the participation of specialists of the enabled services of greater representativity and coordinated by the São Paulo State Cancer Institute (ICESP), with the support of the state manager. Goal: To produce a study on the oncology care network of the São Paulo state public Health System through an analysis of the network structure installed and enabled for the treatment and its characteristics regarding the profile, distribution and structure of the available services and the minimum yearly production for the excellence maintenance, use of production capacity before the epidemiological needs and the productivity concerning the cancer treatment modalities, that is, oncological surgeries, chemotherapy and radiotherapy procedures. Material and Method: Study of one integrated unique case. Secondary data from DATASUS, INCA, RHC and CNES and data collected from official documents of the São Paulo State Oncology Reference Committee. We have used as reference parameters from the Brazilian Ordinance SAS/MS n0 140 of 2014, the GM/MS n0 1101 of 2002 Ordinance, 2013 ICESP Production Reports and literature. For the analysis and interpretation of the data, we have used descriptive statistics through absolute numbers, percentages and averages. Results: According to the Health Establishments Record Center (CNES), in April of 2013, 72 establishments were enabled for the attendance of cancer cases in the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS). According to the population criterium, the state had 1 enabled service for each 581.961 inhabitants, distributed in an uneven way through 17 Health Attention Regional Network Units. Regarding the available structure and services, 80% of the hospitals were in compliance for oncological surgeries, 31% for chemotherapy treatment and 74% for radiology treatment. Regarding the minimum production, only 13% of the hospitals were in compliance for oncological surgeries, 42% for chemotherapy treatment and 14% for radiology treatment. Regarding the productivity analysis, it would be necessary to have extra: 13% of surgical beds, 14% of elective surgical rooms, 159 additional armchairs and 21 radiotherapy equipment less. Concerning the comparison between the estimated demand in 2014 and the production of 2013, we have observed in chemo and radiotherapies a percentage higher than 100%, that is, 292% and 169%, respectively. Only regarding the oncological surgeries the production was smaller than the estimated demand with an index of 53%, mainly concerning the urological surgeries and dermatology. Conclusion: The installed network presented enough proportion and structure to receive the demand of new cases of cancer, although there were local differences and a wide productivity range among services, which probably impacted on the patients\' access, promoted the creation of waiting queues at the same time there were services not being used in the same facilities

The aim of the study was to determine the practice of nurses employed in integrated care projects in New Zealand from late 1999 to early 2001. Integrated care was a major health reform strategy that emphasised primary health care as a means to improve service provision between the health sectors. An investigation of nurses’ practice sought to determine the extent to which primary health care principles had been adopted in practice, as a comprehensive primary health care approach has been advocated globally in the management of chronic conditions; the leading cause of disability throughout the world and the most expensive problems faced by health care systems. The philosophical basis of the research was postpositivism. The study employed a quantitative non-experimental survey design because it allowed numeric descriptions of the characteristics of integrated care projects to be gained for the purpose of identifying nurses’ practice. The unit of inquiry was the integrated care project, and 80 comprised the study population. Data were obtained on projects from expert informants (n=27) by telephone survey using a structured interview questionnaire developed by the researcher. Data obtained from interviews were statistically analysed in two stages. First, data were produced to comprehensively describe the characteristics of integrated care projects and nurses practice. The ‘Public health interventions model’ was used as a framework to analyses the interventions (activities) and levels of population-based practice of nurses. Following this, the social values embedded in nurses’ practice were determined using ‘Beattie’s model of health promotion’ as a framework for analysis. A strong association was found between nurses’ practice in projects and strategies used in integrated care, such as information sharing, guideline development and promotion, and case management, and projects with an ethnic focus, low income focus, chronic condition focus, and well-health focus. Whilst nurses undertook interventions most frequently at the individual practice level they were also strongly ii associated with the small proportion of interventions that were undertaken at the community level. The majority of interventions by nurses reflected the health promotion value of health persuasion, indicating a paternalist and individual-oriented philosophy. Nurses were engaged in two interventions that indicated a collectiveoriented philosophy - coalition building and community development, the latter reflecting health promotion values of negotiation, partnership and empowerment. The study demonstrated that nurses’ practice in projects was predominantly centred on individual-focused population-based practice suggesting the need for a framework to assist nurses to transition their practice to include more activity at the community and systems levels. Without a reorientation of practice, nurses will remain limited in their ability to achieve health gains for populations. In response to this conclusion, and drawing on research results and reviewed literature, a new model, The ‘Primary Health Care interventions model’ was constructed. Recommendations include advocacy for the acceptance of the model by the health funder, professional nursing bodies, health organisations, educational institutions, nurses, communities, and individuals.

The aim of the study was to determine the practice of nurses employed in integrated care projects in New Zealand from late 1999 to early 2001. Integrated care was a major health reform strategy that emphasised primary health care as a means to improve service provision between the health sectors. An investigation of nurses’ practice sought to determine the extent to which primary health care principles had been adopted in practice, as a comprehensive primary health care approach has been advocated globally in the management of chronic conditions; the leading cause of disability throughout the world and the most expensive problems faced by health care systems. The philosophical basis of the research was postpositivism. The study employed a quantitative non-experimental survey design because it allowed numeric descriptions of the characteristics of integrated care projects to be gained for the purpose of identifying nurses’ practice. The unit of inquiry was the integrated care project, and 80 comprised the study population. Data were obtained on projects from expert informants (n=27) by telephone survey using a structured interview questionnaire developed by the researcher. Data obtained from interviews were statistically analysed in two stages. First, data were produced to comprehensively describe the characteristics of integrated care projects and nurses practice. The ‘Public health interventions model’ was used as a framework to analyses the interventions (activities) and levels of population-based practice of nurses. Following this, the social values embedded in nurses’ practice were determined using ‘Beattie’s model of health promotion’ as a framework for analysis. A strong association was found between nurses’ practice in projects and strategies used in integrated care, such as information sharing, guideline development and promotion, and case management, and projects with an ethnic focus, low income focus, chronic condition focus, and well-health focus. Whilst nurses undertook interventions most frequently at the individual practice level they were also strongly ii associated with the small proportion of interventions that were undertaken at the community level. The majority of interventions by nurses reflected the health promotion value of health persuasion, indicating a paternalist and individual-oriented philosophy. Nurses were engaged in two interventions that indicated a collectiveoriented philosophy - coalition building and community development, the latter reflecting health promotion values of negotiation, partnership and empowerment. The study demonstrated that nurses’ practice in projects was predominantly centred on individual-focused population-based practice suggesting the need for a framework to assist nurses to transition their practice to include more activity at the community and systems levels. Without a reorientation of practice, nurses will remain limited in their ability to achieve health gains for populations. In response to this conclusion, and drawing on research results and reviewed literature, a new model, The ‘Primary Health Care interventions model’ was constructed. Recommendations include advocacy for the acceptance of the model by the health funder, professional nursing bodies, health organisations, educational institutions, nurses, communities, and individuals.

The aim of the study was to determine the practice of nurses employed in integrated care projects in New Zealand from late 1999 to early 2001. Integrated care was a major health reform strategy that emphasised primary health care as a means to improve service provision between the health sectors. An investigation of nurses’ practice sought to determine the extent to which primary health care principles had been adopted in practice, as a comprehensive primary health care approach has been advocated globally in the management of chronic conditions; the leading cause of disability throughout the world and the most expensive problems faced by health care systems. The philosophical basis of the research was postpositivism. The study employed a quantitative non-experimental survey design because it allowed numeric descriptions of the characteristics of integrated care projects to be gained for the purpose of identifying nurses’ practice. The unit of inquiry was the integrated care project, and 80 comprised the study population. Data were obtained on projects from expert informants (n=27) by telephone survey using a structured interview questionnaire developed by the researcher. Data obtained from interviews were statistically analysed in two stages. First, data were produced to comprehensively describe the characteristics of integrated care projects and nurses practice. The ‘Public health interventions model’ was used as a framework to analyses the interventions (activities) and levels of population-based practice of nurses. Following this, the social values embedded in nurses’ practice were determined using ‘Beattie’s model of health promotion’ as a framework for analysis. A strong association was found between nurses’ practice in projects and strategies used in integrated care, such as information sharing, guideline development and promotion, and case management, and projects with an ethnic focus, low income focus, chronic condition focus, and well-health focus. Whilst nurses undertook interventions most frequently at the individual practice level they were also strongly ii associated with the small proportion of interventions that were undertaken at the community level. The majority of interventions by nurses reflected the health promotion value of health persuasion, indicating a paternalist and individual-oriented philosophy. Nurses were engaged in two interventions that indicated a collectiveoriented philosophy - coalition building and community development, the latter reflecting health promotion values of negotiation, partnership and empowerment. The study demonstrated that nurses’ practice in projects was predominantly centred on individual-focused population-based practice suggesting the need for a framework to assist nurses to transition their practice to include more activity at the community and systems levels. Without a reorientation of practice, nurses will remain limited in their ability to achieve health gains for populations. In response to this conclusion, and drawing on research results and reviewed literature, a new model, The ‘Primary Health Care interventions model’ was constructed. Recommendations include advocacy for the acceptance of the model by the health funder, professional nursing bodies, health organisations, educational institutions, nurses, communities, and individuals.