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En m’appuyant sur la sociologie des attentes technoscientifiques et les études critiques du handicap, j’analyse dans cette thèse l’expérience de personnes diagnostiquées comme obèses ou obèses « morbides » ayant subi une chirurgie bariatrique (ou de perte de poids). Alors que la lutte contre l'obésité a longtemps mis l’accent sur les changements de mode de vie, les discours de santé publique ont pris un ton plus urgent à partir des années 2000, qualifiant l’obésité d’« épidémie » justifiant des interventions radicales. Parallèlement, le stigmate contre la graisse corporelle s’est intensifié, et le nombre de chirurgies bariatriques a connu une croissance exponentielle, notamment chez les femmes. Je défends que ces phénomènes concomitants doivent être interprétés dans le contexte d’une « économie de l’espoir » qui englobe les anticipations des promoteurs de la santé publique, des chercheurs en obésité et chirurgiens bariatriques, des personnes en situation d’obésité, et de leurs proches. Au sein de cette dynamique, la clinique bariatrique devient un lieu où se croisent et se heurtent plusieurs définitions de l’« obésité » et différentes priorités de santé. En me basant sur des entretiens semi-directifs menés avec des patientes bariatriques et des cliniciens, j’explore comment les patientes qui s’est manifesté de manière à la fois discursive, émotionnelle et matérielle, influençant leurs adoptent, rejettent ou réinterprètent les notions médicalisées de l’obésité. Je le fais en examinant les motivations des personnes en obésité à subir une chirurgie bariatrique, ainsi que les transformations physiques, physiologiques, identitaires et sociales qui découlent de ce processus. Je fais valoir que la décision de recourir à la chirurgie de perte de poids n’a pas pour seul objectif l’amélioration de leur santé actuelle et future, mais vise également à obtenir une corpulence conforme aux normes sociales, qui leur permet d’accéder à certains espaces communs et partagés et de remplir des rôles sociaux spécifiques. Je montre que les participantes ont fait l'expérience d’un stigmate attentes à l’égard de la chirurgie, ainsi que leurs expériences de ses effets multiples et parfois contradictoires. J’analyse comment cet objectif de normalisation corporelle est atteint au prix de l’acquisition de nouvelles formes de chronicité, dont la gestion reconfigure le rôle de la patiente et la relation entre la patiente et le médecin. En analysant les contradictions propres à la clinique de l’obésité, cette analyse réinterprète le processus de biomédicalisation comme une logique de substitution ou de déplacement de la chronicité plutôt que de normalisation ou d’optimisation. / Drawing on the sociology of technoscientific expectations and critical disability studies, this thesis investigates the experiences of individuals diagnosed with obesity or morbid obesity who have undergone bariatric (weight loss) surgery. While the fight against obesity has long emphasized lifestyle changes, public health discourse has taken on a more urgent tone since the early 2000s, labeling obesity as an "epidemic” justifying radical interventions. Concurrently, the stigma against excess body weight has intensified, and the number of bariatric surgeries has grown exponentially, particularly among women. I argue that these concurrent phenomena should be understood within the framework of an "economy of hope" that encompasses the expectations of public health advocates, obesity researchers, bariatric surgeons, individuals with obesity, and their closed ones. Within this dynamic, the bariatric clinic becomes a site where multiple definitions of "obesity" and different health priorities intersect and collide. Using semi-structured interviews with bariatric patients and clinicians, I investigate how patients either adopt, reject, or reinterpret medicalized notions of obesity. I achieve this by examining the motivations of individuals with obesity for choosing bariatric surgery and the ensuing physical, physiological, identity, and social transformations. I argue that the decision to undergo weight loss surgery is not solely driven by a desire to enhance current and future health but also to attain a body shape that aligns with societal norms, enabling access to shared spaces and the fulfillment of specific social roles. I demonstrate that participants experience a stigma that manifests itself in discursive, emotional, and material ways, shaping their expectations regarding surgery and their experiences of its multifaceted and at times contradictory effects. I analyze how the pursuit of bodily normalization leads to the acquisition of new forms of chronicity, which, in turn, reshapes the patient's role and the patient-physician relationship. By highlighting the contradictions within the clinic of obesity, this analysis reinterprets the process of biomedicalization as a logic of substitution or shifting chronicity rather than normalization or optimization.

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Advances in breast cancer detection and oncology treatment modalities have prolonged the survival time for the cancer population, which is officially the largest group of cancer survivors among women in the western world, including South Africa (Brem & Kumar, 2011; Fisher, Dolbeault, Sultan & Bredart, 2014; Herbst, 2011; Reyes-Gibby, et al., 2012). In the light of shocking statistics and ever rising numbers of cancer, especially breast cancer, the time is ripe for further research in the domain of psycho-oncology and has motivated the researcher, due to her interest and involvement in breast cancer, to make this her field of research. Despite the need for a bio-psycho-social approach when treating cancer patients there is little literature available on the psychological interventions in South Africa where the majority of research studies previously conducted in South Africa have generally focused on the bio-medical aspects of cancer (Albrecht, 2009; Venter, 2014). To comprehend the paradigm of psycho-oncology, which is the backbone of this study, a theoretical framework was attained from Engel’s humanistic or psychological model (caring) and Pasteur’s biomedical model (curing) (Borrel-Carrio, Suchman, & Epstein, 2004). The primary aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of breast cancer patients concerning their diagnosis, treatment and survivorship and unique needs for psycho-oncological interventions through their own “voices”. The research was conducted within a qualitative framework with a case study method of inquiry employing open-ended style interviews and psychotherapeutic sessions with five purposely sampled breast cancer patients. Two qualitative questionnaires were also used for triangulation purposes. Transcripts of all the therapeutic sessions were analysed using interpretive analysis where categories and themes were developed and described in full. Findings indicated that in spite the extensive proof that breast cancer causes numerous sexual and psychological complications during active treatment and afterwards, patients still feel that they have no “platform” to express their emotions and sexual issues within the oncology framework, or that there is enough and sufficient assistance to attend to their needs. e The researcher hopes that this study will make a valuable contribution to research in the field of psycho-oncology in South Africa and to indicate new realities of the chronicity of breast cancer and treatment complications that demand psychotherapeutic interventions in cancer care and that the study will initiate new ways of understanding the role of psychology and the psychologist in the medical world of cancer. The researcher hopes that by offering an understanding of participants’ unique experiences of this process, practitioners will have insight when working therapeutically with this population and empower them to have a quality of life, even within the boundaries of their illness. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

Childhood adversity is associated with numerous negative outcomes across multiple domains, including mental and physical health, interrelationships, and social functioning. Notably, research suggests that childhood adversity has a dose-response relationship with these outcomes; that is, greater numbers of adverse experiences in childhood are associated with worse outcomes. These outcomes overlap with many risk factors of homelessness. This study sought to address two questions: 1) Does a dose-response relationship exist between childhood adversity and chronic homelessness? 2) Does childhood adversity negatively predict the age at which homelessness first occurs? Adults experiencing homeless who are accessing homeless services in the Tri-Cities area of Northeast Tennessee responded to a brief instrument that includes measures of homeless chronicity, Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), and age of onset of homelessness. Although relationships between ACEs and homeless chronicity was not observed, a relationship did emerge between number of ACEs and number of episodes and number of ACEs and age at initial onset of homelessness.