Cette thèse aborde le domaine de la protection passive contre les chutes de blocs rocheux. L'objectif est d'étudier un ouvrage composite dissipatif de protection : l'ouvrage sandwich. Il est composé d'une dalle en béton armé qui a pour rôle de répartir l'effort d'impact sur une deuxième couche composée de grave insérée dans des chaussettes de géotextile extensible contenues dans des colonnes de pneus de voitures usagés. Une campagne expérimentale de lâchers de blocs à l'échelle de l'ouvrage est réalisée dans le but de mesurer les efforts transmis par l'ouvrage pour des énergies cinétiques allant jusqu'à 90 kJ. L'ouvrage sandwich est bien adapté pour des énergies de 50 à 100 kJ. Pour des énergies supérieures, le double sandwich (superposition de 2 sandwichs simples) paraît mieux adapté pour diminuer l'intensité de la force transmise en améliorant l'effet de dissipation par une meilleure répartition de la charge d'impact. En parallèle, des simulations numériques grâce à la méthode des éléments discrets, et plus particulièrement le code SDEC, sont menées. Une procédure de calage des paramètres locaux est proposée pour simuler le comportement de l'ouvrage sandwich sous impact. Les paramètres élastiques et plastiques sont calés à partir d'essais quasi-statiques triaxiaux ou de compression simple. De plus, une loi de transfert de moment est ajoutée pour augmenter le frottement entre les grains ou pour modéliser la flexion de la dalle en béton armé ce qui permet de représenter le comportement de l'ouvrage pour une gamme d'énergie allant jusqu'à 45 kJ.

La chute and the six short stories of L'exil et le royaume by Albert Camus constitute a sort of renewal of the author's art and thought. Having left the absurd behind, having experienced revolt, Camus now brings to the forefront a theme that underlies all his work, the essential solitude of human beings. / This thesis attempts to illustrate the various manifestations of this theme in the last works of the Algerian writer in order to underline the remarkable cohesion of these formally dissimilar texts.

Quand des matériaux pulvérulents sont manipulés, il est inévitable qu’une partie soit dispersée dans l’atmosphère environnante, ce qui conduit à une mise en suspension dans l’air et à des dépôts sur les surfaces. Il y a risque pour la santé des opérateurs sur les lieux de travail, s’ils entrent en contact direct avec les particules en suspension dans l’air par toucher, ingestion, ou par inhalation avec des risques spécifiques de maladies professionnelles tels que des cancers ou des empoisonnements si les produits sont toxiques ou nocifs. Le but de ce travail a été de concevoir, de réaliser et d’exploiter un pilote exprimental afin d’étudier les mécanismes de mise en suspension de poussières lors du déversement de poudre d’un silo. Le panache formé a été observé et caractérisé par des mesures optiques de distribution de taille de particules, de vitesse et d’analyse d’images, ainsi que des bilans globaux de matière.Ces mesures ont ensuite été confrontées à un modèle numérique.

De nos jours, la détection de chute est un défi pour la santé, notamment pour la surveillance des personnes âgées. Le but de cette thèse est de concevoir un système de détection de chute basée sur une surveillance par caméra et d’étudier les aspects algorithmiques et architecturaux. Notre système se compose de quatre modules : la segmentation d’objet, le filtrage, l’extraction de caractéristiques et la reconnaissance qui permettent en plus de la détection de chute d’identifier leur type afin de définir un niveau d’alerte. En premier lieu, différents algorithmes ont été étudiés et comparés comme le Background Subtraction-Neural Network; le Background Subtraction-Template Matching (BGS-TM); le Background Subtraction-Hidden Markov Model ; et le Gaussian Mixture Model. Le BGS/TM présentant le meilleur taux de reconnaissance a alors été retenu. Une nouvelle base de donnée DTU-HBU a été construite et classifiée selon différentes actions : chute, non-chute (assis, couché, rampant, etc.) selon trois angles de caméra (face, côtés et de biais). Le second objectif fut de définir une méthode de conception permettant de sélectionner les architectures présentant la meilleure performance. Un premier travail fut de définir des modèles de la consommation et du temps d’exécution pour différentes cibles (processeur, FPGA). A titre d’exemple, la plateforme ZYNQ a été considérée. Les modèles proposés présentent un taux erreur inférieur à 3,5%. Une méthodologie de conception DSE basée sur deux techniques de parallélisme (Intra-task et inter-task) et couplant le taux de reconnaissance (ACC) a été définie. Les résultats obtenus montrent que l’ACC atteint 98,3% pour une énergie de 29,5 mJ/f. / Nowadays, fall detection is a major challenge in the public health care domain, especially for the elderly living alone and rehabilitants in hospitals. This thesis presents an exploration for a Fall Detection System based on camera under an algorithmic and architectural point of view. Our system includes four modules: Object Segmentation, Filter, Feature Extraction and Recognition and give an urgent alarm for detecting different kinds of fall. Firstly, different algorithms for the Fall Detection System are proposed and compared the efficiency among Background Subtraction-Neural Network, Background Subtraction-Template Matching (BGS/TM), Background Subtraction-Hidden Markov Model, and Gaussian Mixture Model. Therefore, the selected BGS/TM with 91.67% (Recall), 100% (Precision) and 95.65% (Accuracy) will be implemented on ZYNQ platform. Moreover, a DUT-HBU database which is classified with different actions: fall, non-fall in three camera directions is used to evaluate the efficiency of this system. Secondly, the aim is to explore low cost architectures for this system, new power consumption and execution time models for processor core and FPGA are defined according to the different configurations of architecture and applications. The error rates of the proposed models don’t exceed 3.5%. The models are then extended to hardware/software architectures to explore low cost architecture by defining a suitable Design Space Exploration methodology. Two techniques for parallelization which are based on intra-task and inter-task static scheduling are applied with the aim to enhance the accuracy and the power consumption of this system reaches 98.3% with energy per frame of 29.5mJ/f.

Notre étude s’intéresse à un aspect phonologique : le comportement du phonème /R/ du français parlé à Niamey, capitale du Niger, pays de l’Afrique subsaharienne. L’enquête a été mené selon le protocole du projet international, Phonologie du Français Contemporain (abrégé PFC). Il vise à rassembler un vaste corpus oral de français contemporain à travers toutes les zones francophones du monde.Nos enquêtes de terrain ont été effectuées dans une ville où le français demeure la langue officielle, et où l’on retrouve aussi d’autres langues nationales et/ou locales (haousa, songhaï-zarma, touareg, peul, kanuri et arabes). Une présentation des rhotiques du point de vue phonétique et phonologique s’est avéré nécessaire, avant la classification et l’analyse de nos données. D’une part nous avons analysé les allophones de /R/ réalisés par les enquêtés. Ces analyses montrent que la réalisation largement majoritaire est la vibrante alvéolaire [r], suivie de loin par la fricative uvulaire [ʁ], puis par les réalisations [ɰ], [χ], [ɻ] et la non-réalisation de /R/ [ø]. Tous ces résultats ont été comparés ensuite à ceux d’autres points d’enquêtes PFC dans le monde. D’autre part, nous nous sommes intéressés à la chute de /R/ dans les groupes consonantiques et en finales, pour aboutir à la conclusion que ce phénomène dépend du lexique et, plus exactement, concerne généralement la prononciation des chiffres (par exemple quatre [katR]> [kat]). / This thesis focuses on the phonological aspect of the /R/ in French language spoken in Niamey, the capital of Niger, a Sub-Saharan country of Africa. The survey has been conducted conforms to theprotocol and the mehology of an international project Phonologie du Français Contemporain (PFC), which aims to collect a large corpus of contemporary French spoken from all around the word. In Niamey, French coexists with others national and local languages: haousa, songhaï-zarma, touareg, peul, kanuri et arabic.In the proposed work at first we have illustrated a phonetic and phonology classification of rhotics class, then we have classified and analyzed our data. We have analyzed all allophones of /R/ produced by the interviewed speakers. These data show that the largest part of the speaker pronounce a vibrant alveolar [r], followed by a fricative uvular [ʁ], and then by [ɰ], [χ], [ɻ] and [ø]. Furthermore, we have compared our results with other PFC studies conducted all around the francophone word. Additionally, we have focused on fall of /R/ in cluster group, and we concluded that this fall depends on the lexicon, and concerns especially numbers pronunciation (for example, quatre [katR]> [kat]).

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No. of bitstreams: 1 baptista_am_me_bauru.pdf: 1764823 bytes, checksum: 65213e676e8c7c8e27312e71e2fa5ecd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-20 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O futsal é um esporte de alta intensidade e intermitente que tem como principal ação na tentativa de fazer gol o chute, porém não se sabe como ocorre a interação entre o goleiro e o batedor. Portanto, entender o mecanismo de percepção-ação sob efeito da fadiga durante o chute utilizando a estratégia de goleiro-dependente é de grande relevância para o esporte. Assim os objetivos do estudo são: a) verificar a influência de diferentes momentos de inserção da dica visual durante a corrida de aproximação no comportamento motor e do olhar no desempenho do chute com a bola parada no futsal; b) investigar o efeito da fadiga no comportamento do olhar e na precisão durante o chute com a bola parada no futsal de acordo com a manipulação da dica visual. Do estudo 1, participaram 17 atletas amadores que realizaram 18 chutes com bola parada em 3 condições (dica visual a 1,6 e 0,8 metros da corrida de aproximação pra bola e sem dica visual). Para verificar os parâmetros motores, visuais e desempenho foram utilizados sistemas de câmeras infravermelho (OptiTrack 17W) e de rastreamento do olho (EyeTracking Mobile System). As condições foram comparadas por meio de ANOVA one way e análise de magnitude de efeito. Houve somente diminuição na velocidade do último passo na condição de dica visual a 0,8 metros comparado com a 1,6 metros (p = 0,042). A análise de magnitude de efeito revelou pequenos possíveis aumento na atenção e diminuição na velocidade do movimento na condição sem dica visual e dica visual a 0,8 metros comparado a dica visual a 1,6 metros. Conclui-se que a manipulação da dica visual em diferentes momentos da corrida de aproximação não altera os parâmetros visuais, motores e de desempenho durante o chute com bola parada no futsal. Do estudo 2, participaram outros 10 atletas amadores que realizaram os chutes nas condições do Estudo 1, pré e pós protocolos de indução a fadiga (Hoff adaptado para o Futsal incremental e Repeated-sprints ability), porém com diminuição no número de tentativas em cada condição para diminuir as chances de recuperação do estado de fadiga. As mesmas variáveis dependentes e equipamentos do estudo 1 foram utilizadas. As condições (dica visual) e momentos (fadiga) foram comparados por meio da ANOVA two way. Não houve efeito para condição, porém a fadiga altera o comportamento do olhar somente nos momentos próximos ao chute, em específico para o olhar na bola (F2,18 = 4,229; p = 0,031) e outra (F2,18 = 6,556; p = 0,007). Conclui-se que a fadiga causa aumento na dependência visual na bola e outras. / The Futsal is a high-intensity and intermittent sport that has as main action in the attempt to make goal kick, but it isn’t known how the interaction between the goalkeeper ante the bater occurs. Therefore, to understand the mechanism of perception-action under the effect of fatigue during the kick using the goalkeeper-dependent strategy is of great relevance for the sport. Thus the aims of the study are: a) To verify the influence of different moments of insertion of the visual tip during the approach run in the motor behavior and visual control in the performance of the kick with stationary ball in futsal; b) To investigate the effect of fatigue in the visual behavior and the precision during the kick with stationary ball in futsal according to the manipulation of the visual tip. From Study 1, 17 amateur athletes participated in 18 kicks stationary ball in 3 conditions (visual tip at 1.6 a 0.8 meters from the approach run to the ball and without visual tip). To verify the motor, visual and performance parameters were used infrared camera systems (OptiTrack 17W) and eye tracking (EyeTracking Mobile System). The conditions was compared using ANOVA one way and effect magnitude analysis. There was only a decrease in velocity of the last step in the visual tip condition at 0.8 meters compared to 1.6 meters (p = 0.042). The analysis of magnitude of effect revealed small possible increase in attention and decrease in movement speed in the condition without visual tip and visual tip at 0.8 meters compared to visual tip at 1.6 meters. It’s concluded that the manipulation of the visual tip at different moments of the approach run does not alter the visual, motor and performance parameters during the kick with stationary ball in futsal. From Study 2, another 10 amateur athletes participated in the kicks under the conditions of Study 1, pre and post fatigue induction protocols (Hoff adapted to the Futsal incremental and Repeated-sprints ability), but with a decrease in the number of attempts in each condition to decrease the chances of recovering the fatigue state. The same dependent variables and equipment of Study 1 were used. The conditions (visual tip) and moments (fatigue) were compared through two way ANOVA. There wasn’t effect for condition, but fatigue altered the behavior of the eye only at the moments close to the kick, specific for the look on the ball (F2,18 = 4,229; p = 0,031) and another (F2,18 = 6,556; p = 0.007). It’s concluded that fatigue causes an increase in visual dependence on the ball and others. / CNPq: 134413/2015-6

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:06:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana Ferreira.pdf: 1271227 bytes, checksum: bf632a34ecbabc7859d9f2515a2c5c33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aimed to analyze the kinematic parameters during the execution of the back kick in Karate. Twelve athletes attended adults karate, male, high-yield, black belts for at least five years, affiliated to Martial Arts Association Shubu-Do. Samples were collected at Instrumentation Laboratory, CEFID-UDESC using instruments: instrumented target, contact carpet and a system of central inertial MVN Studio. To verify the normality of the data, we used the Shapiro Wilk. Proven normality we used descriptive statistics: mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation (CV%) to describe the anthropometric variables, kinetics and kinematics. To determine the contribution of kinematic variables on the performance of the kick we used simple linear regression. The confidence level adopted in all cases was 95%. The results showed that: the athletes present values of height, leg length and body mass close to the average found in the literature. The average value of momentum was 78.06±19.84N.s and for momentum normalized by the mass of athletes the mean value was 0.98±0.18N.s.kg-1, compared to the total execution time turning the kick back found an average 0.32±0.03s, to the foot speed (m/s) during execution of the turning effort has been found dorsal an average of 10.72±1.21 m/s for the velocity of the foot at the moment of impact was observed an average of 4.13±1.44 m/s; minimum values of the angles of the knee joint during the execution of the kick were 55.214.11°, when the average impact angle of the knee joint was 79.0812.05°, relative amplitude of the knee joint was found an average 21.965.90°, of with respect to the contributions of the kinematic variables on the performance of the kick back spin, it was found that: the amplitude of the knee joint from the minimum angle has a strong correlation with the impetus to examine the individual athletes, and a moderate correlation to analyze all the athletes in sets (adjusted R2 = 0.682). Regarding the runtime kick all athletes found a moderate correlation (adjusted R2 = 120.658) with the lowest angle of the knee joint, however when analyzing the individual athletes found a strong correlation in all cases. In conclusion, the variables more related with the performance of the kick turning back were the highest amplitude of the knee joint as it relates to the impulse, and the smallest angle of the knee joint when checked the relationship with the runtime. So for better performance of the kick, the athlete should emphasize the sequential pattern of movement, rotating the trunk and hip, flexing the knee joint and ending with greater knee extension toward the target. / Este estudo objetivou analisar os parâmetros cinemáticos durante a execução do chute giro dorsal no Karatê. Participaram doze atletas adultos de karatê, sexo masculino, de alto rendimento, faixa preta há pelo menos cinco anos, filiados a Associação de Artes Marciais Shubu-Dô. As coletas foram realizadas no Laboratório de Instrumentação, CEFID-UDESC, utilizando os instrumentos: alvo instrumentado, tapete de contato e um sistema de centrais inerciais MVN Studio. Para verificar a normalidade dos dados, utilizou-se o teste de Shapiro Wilk. Comprovada a normalidade utilizou-se a estatística descritiva: média, desvio padrão e o coeficiente de variação (CV%) para descrever as variáveis antropométricas, cinética e cinemáticas. Para determinar a contribuição das variáveis cinemáticas sobre o desempenho do chute utilizou-se regressão linear simples. O nível de confiabilidade adotado em todos os casos foi de 95%. Os resultados evidenciaram que: os atletas apresentam valores de estatura, comprimento de membro inferior e massa corporal próximos à média encontrada na literatura. O valor médio obtido de impulso foi de 78,06±19,84N.s e para o impulso normalizado pela massa dos atletas o valor médio encontrado foi de 0,98±0,18 N.s.kg-1; em relação ao tempo de execução total do chute giro dorsal foi encontrado uma média 0,32±0,03s; para a velocidade máxima do pé (m/s) durante a execução do chute giro dorsal foi encontrado uma média de 10,72±1,21m/s, para a velocidade do pé no instante do impacto foi verificado uma média de 4,13±1,44m/s; os valores dos ângulos mínimos da articulação do joelho durante a execução do chute foram de 55,2714,11°; no momento do impacto a média do ângulo da articulação do joelho foi de 79,0812,05°; em relação a amplitude da articulação do joelho foi encontrado uma média de 21,965,90°. No que diz respeito às contribuições das variáveis cinemáticas sobre o desempenho do chute giro dorsal, verificou-se que: a amplitude da articulação do joelho a partir do ângulo mínimo tem uma forte correlação com o impulso ao analisar os atletas individualmente, e uma moderada correlação ao analisar todos os atletas em conjuntos (R2 ajustado = 0,682). Em relação ao tempo de execução do chute de todos os atletas encontrou-se uma moderada correlação (R2 ajustado=0,658) com o menor ângulo da articulação do joelho, entretanto ao analisar os atletas individualmente foi encontrada uma forte correlação em todos os casos. Concluindo, as variáveis com maior relação com o desempenho do chute giro dorsal foram a maior amplitude da articulação do joelho quando relacionado com o impulso, e o menor ângulo da articulação do joelho quando verificada a relação com o tempo de execução. Portanto para um melhor desempenho do chute, o atleta deverá enfatizar o padrão seqüencial de movimento, girando o tronco e quadril, flexionando a articulação do joelho e finalizando com uma maior extensão do joelho em direção ao alvo.

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo ajustar um processo para fabricação de chapas de partículas de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e resina poliuretana bi componente à base de óleo de mamona, avaliar tecnicamente as propriedades físico-mecânicas, micro estrutural e de durabilidade desse material e validar seu uso como componente de painel portante para uso como fechamento lateral de instalações zootécnicas para bovino. A qualidade das chapas foi avaliada com base nas prescrições dos documentos normativos NBR 14810 (2006) e ANSI A208.1 (1999). Foram fabricados chapas com partículas com dimensão de até 5 e 8 mm, a fim de identificar a dimensão adequada dessa matéria-prima, para a aplicação das chapas na composição do painel portante. Posteriormente, foi desenvolvido e fabricado um protótipo de painel portante em madeira de reflorestamento e chapas de partículas de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, que teve seu desempenho estrutural avaliado por meio de ensaio de impacto de corpo-mole. Os resultados obtidos indicam que as chapas com partículas de dimensão de até 8 mm apresentaram valores de propriedades físico-mecânicas que atendem as recomendações mínimas dos documentos normativos para uso estrutural. O painel portante apresentou desempenho estrutural adequado para resistir às cargas de impacto nas condições de uso, sendo possível indicá-lo com alternativa para fechamento lateral em centro de manejo para bovinos. / The objective of this study was to adjust a process for the manufacture of particleboards of sugarcane bagasse and bi-component polyurethane resin a base of castor oil, toevaluate its physic-mechanical properties, microstructure and durability of this material and to validate its use as component of self-bearing panel for use as a lateral closure of zootechnics installations for cattle. The particleboard quality was evaluated based on the requirements of normative documents NBR 14810 (2006) and ANSI A208.1 (1999). Particleboards were manufactured with particles size up to 8 and 5 mm, to identify the appropriate size of the raw material forthe application in particleboards for composition of the self-bearing panel. Then, a prototype ofself-bearing panel in reforestation wood and sugarcane particleboards it was developed and manufactured, which had its structural performance evaluated by soft body impact test. The results indicate that particleboards with particles size up to 8 mm showed values of physical-mechanical properties that met the minimum recommendations of the normative documents for structural use. The self-bearing panel showed adequate structural performance to withstand impact loads under the conditions of use and it can be designate asan alternative to closing side of cattle handling facilities.

La chute chez la personne âgée est un événement fréquent considéré comme un problème de santé publique. Elle a des conséquences à court et/ou à long terme sur l’intégrité physique et psychique du sujet âgé et elle est liée à plusieurs facteurs intrinsèques et extrinsèques. L’expérience de la chute entraîne une douleur corporelle, mais aussi une douleur psychique, une souffrance. L’objectif principal de cette recherche est d’aborder l’expérience de la chute chez la personne âgée en nous centrant sur les conséquences psychologiques de celle-ci et les processus psychiques mis en jeu. Pour cela, nous avons effectué une analyse qualitative et une quantitative en deux temps : T1 (l’évènement chute) et T2 (trois mois après), à partir d’un échantillon de 60 personnes âgées réparties en deux groupes : un groupe expérimental (N=30) et un groupe contrôle (N=30). Les résultats obtenus ont montré que la chute entraîne une modification de l’image de soi, une peur de tomber et une symptomatologie anxio-dépressive ayant des effets sur la qualité de vie. / Falls among elderly people are common event that are considered as a public health issue. Falls are linked to several intrinsic and extrinsic factors and have consequences in the short and/or long term on the physical and psychological integrity of elderly individuals. The experience of a fall cause bodily pain, but also mental pain and distress. The main objective of this research is focused on the psychological consequences and the psychological process involved in the experience of falling whitin the elderly. Whith this aim we conducted a qualitative and quantitative analysis while considering two steps: T1 (fall event) and T2 (three months after), in a sample of 60 elderly people divided into two groups: an experimental group (N=30) and control group (N=30). The results of our research show that the fall leads to a change in self-image, fear of falling and anxiety-depressive symptomatology with effects on the quality of life.

Cette thèse propose un regard transitif sur l'art contemporain en RDA des années 1970 et 1980 et dans les nouveaux Länder en s'appuyant sur l'exemple de deux artistes, Lutz Dammbeck et Karla Sachse. Leurs productions artistiques réalisées avant et après la chute du mur de Berlin, reflètent le processus de construction identitaire en RDA et questionnent également la construction de la mémoire collective allemande. Le premier chapitre propose un aperçu des éléments d'histoire qui ont contribué à cette construction identitaire est-allemande qui touchait toute la société. Les artistes présenté-e-s dans le deuxième et troisième chapitre de cette thèse sont exemplaires pour un grand nombre d'artistes pouravoir refusé la doctrine du réalisme socialiste et n’avoir pas attendu la fin de la RDA pour créer des oeuvres pertinentes et subversives. Les années 1989 et 1990, l'année de la chute du mur et l'année de la réunification allemande, représentent bien un tournant géo-politique important, mais ne signifient pas réellement une rupture pour les artistes issu-e-s des scènes alternatives est-allemandes, comme c’est le cas pour Lutz Dammbeck et Karla Sachse / This thesis proposes a transitive view on contemporary art in the GDR in the 1970s and 1980s and in the new Länder based on the example of two artists, and Lutz Dammbeck and Karla Sachse. Their artistic productions performed before and after the fall of the Berlin Wall, reflect the process of identity construction in the GDR and also question the construction of Germany's collective memory. The first chapter provides an overview of the history that contributed to the construction of identity affecting the whole German society. The artists presented in the second and third chapter of this thesis are exemplary for many artists who refused the doctrine of socialist realism and did not wait for the end of the GDR tocreate important and subversive works. The years 1989 and 1990, the year the Berlin Wall fell and the year of German reunification, represent an important geo-political turn, but mean not really an aesthetic rupture for artists from east German alternative scenes as it is the case for Lutz Dammbeck and Karla Sachse