This item contains the agenda, minutes, and attachments for the Faculty Senate meeting on this date. There may be additional materials from the meeting available at the Faculty Center.

Background: Nursing staff are often involved in counseling patients with regard to health behavior. Although care promoting healthy lifestyle choices is included in the curriculum of nursing students in Germany, several studies of nursing students have reported a high prevalence of unhealthy behavior. This paper focuses on the behavior of female nursing students with regard to body mass index (BMI), physical activity, and cigarette and alcohol consumption. It describes trends through the comparison of results from 2008 and 2013. Methods: Data was collected in two waves at a regional medical training college. First, 301 nursing students were asked to fill out a 12 page questionnaire on health behavior in 2008. The questioning was repeated in 2013 with 316 participating nursing students using the previous questionnaire. Results: 259 female nursing students completed the questionnaire in 2013. 31.6% of them were either overweight or obese, 28.5% exercised less than once a week, 42.9% smoked between 10 and 20 cigarettes a day and 72.6% drank alcohol, wherefrom 19.7% consumed alcohol in risky quantities. In comparison to the data of 266 female nursing students from 2008, there were significant differences in the BMI and alcohol consumption: The percentage of overweight and obese students and the percentage of alcohol consumers at risk increased significantly. Conclusions: Health behavior of female nursing students is often inadequate especially in regard to weight and cigarette and alcohol consumption. Strategies are required to promote healthy lifestyle choices.

MPH / Department of Public Health / Background: Globally, cigarette smoking is causing preventable deaths in developing countries affecting especially the youth. Historically, cigarette smoking is known to be more common among adults but is also becoming common among students. Purpose: The study aimed to investigate factors contributing to cigarette smoking and its health consequences amongst students of the University of Venda in South Africa. Methodology: A quantitative approach using a descriptive cross- sectional design was adopted. Convenience sampling was used to randomly select 428 respondents. A self-reporting questionnaire with closed ended questions was administered to respondents between the ages of 17-40 years who suited the inclusion criteria. Permission to conduct the research was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the University of Venda. Data were analysed using SPSS version 23 and presented in the form of tables and charts. Pearson’s chi squares were used to test significant relationships between variables and smoking status. Results: A total of 407 students participated in the study. Of the 407, 208 (51%) of respondents were female students. The mean age of the study population was 24 years. Of these 407, 175(43%) reported being smokers 232 (57%) were nonsmokers. More smokers were observed among the male respondents and registered for first and second years. There was a significant relationship between age, gender, religion, school of affiliation, amount of pocket money and smoking status (P-value=0.05).The results showed that the majority of the respondents285 (70%) agreed to the belief that students smoked cigarettes due to availability of cigarettes at every corner of the campus, 281 (79%) peer influenced by friends 289 (71%) family members who smoke, and 313 (76.8%)increase social interaction. The majority of the students were knowledgeable about health consequences caused by smoking. Nonsmoking students were more knowledgeable about harmful effects of smoking as compared to smokers (P=0.00. Conclusion: The study concludes that students smokes cigarettes due to being a friend with someone who smokes, being in new a environment, stress, depression, observation of other students smoking, no signage prohibiting smoking and lack of knowledge regarding health / NRF

Rökning är en ovana som många personer ägnar sig åt, det speglas inte minst på gatorna vart man än går. Fimpar på gator runt om i städer är en miljöbov som sällan uppmärksammas. Trots att det finns allmänna askkoppar för fimparna att slängas i, hamnar de ofta på gatan och blir en fara för djur och natur. Denna studie syftar på att ta fram ett designförslag på hur en omkonstruerad cigarettförpackning, som rymmer cigarettfimpar, kan se ut. Det undersöks även hur en cigarettförpacknings konstruktion kan uppmana konsumenter att inte slänga fimpar på marken, vilket i stort kan ha en positiv effekt på miljön. Den målgrupp som är relevant att undersöka är alltså alla rökare i Sverige. En digital enkät skickades inledningsvis ut för att ta reda på folks vanor och åsikter kring rökning. Detta resulterade i en bekräftelse av forskningsfrågorna där respondenterna önskade en smidig lösning som minskade antalet fimpar på marken, varpå några föreslog att en cigarettförpackning hade en funktion liknande snusdosans dubbla lock. Representanter från kartongproducenter kontaktades för att få information om material och dess möjligheter. Designprocessen inleddes med en konceptgenerering med hjälp av mindmapping och brainstorming. Ur detta föddes tio idéer som sedan reducerades till tre koncept genom en pugh-chart. LoFi-prototyper skapades av dessa och presenterades för åtta deltagare under semistrukturerade intervjuer. Intervjuerna resulterade i att två koncept föredrogs, men författarna tog beslutet att utveckla ett av dem. En slutgiltig prototyp skapades, vilken var konstruerad som en vanlig cigarettförpackning med flip top lock, men var knappt två centimeter längre. Detta gav utrymme i förpackningens botten att ha en separat plats för använda fimpar. Värderingen av den slutgiltiga prototypen skedde genom ytterligare en digital enkät som skickades ut till samtliga deltagare från den tidigare semistrukturerade intervjun. Genom att de besvarade påståenden samt beskrev prototypen fritt kunde det konstateras att alla deltagare inte är lika positivt inställda till denna förpacknings utformning, men att majoriteten ändå skulle använda en cigarettförpackning som denna till att förvara fimpar när inget bättre alternativ finns. Dessutom uppgav respondenterna att förpackningen skulle motivera dem personligen att slänga färre fimpar på marken, samt att förpackningen skulle minska antalet fimpar i naturen generellt. Därmed kan det konstateras att en alternativ cigarettförpackning troligtvis skulle minska antalet fimpar på marken och ge en positiv effekt på miljön i stort. / Smoking is a bad habit whose traces can be seen widely on the streets. The cigarette butts pose an environmental threat that seldom is given attention. Although there are public ashtrays, cigarette butts often end up on the ground and become a risk for animals and nature. This study aims to produce a design suggestion for a reconstructed cigarette packaging that can hold used cigarette butts. It will also be examined how a cigarette packaging’s construction can invite consumers to avoid tossing cigarette butts on the ground, which at large can have a positive impact on the environment. The relevant target group that will be analysed is all smokers in Sweden. A survey was distributed in order to examine the smoking habits of persons and their opinions about smoking and cigarettes. The result showed that the respondents wanted a handy solution that would reduce the amount of cigarette butts on the ground, whereupon some proposed that the cigarette packaging could utilize a feature like the double lid on the packaging of swedish snus. Representatives from large carton board producers were also contacted in order to retrieve information concerning material and their possibilities. The design process started by generating concepts with mind mapping and brainstorming. This resulted in ten ideas that later was reduced to three concepts via a Pugh-chart. LoFi-prototypes of the three concepts were created, which were presented to eight participants in semi structured interviews. The interviews led to two concepts being prefered by the respondents, where the writers chose to develop one of them. A final prototype was developed and produced. This was constructed as a general cigarette packaging with a flip top lid, but was barely two centimeters longer. This created a space in the bottom of the packaging to contain used cigarette butts. The valuation of the finished prototype was done by an additional survey that was distributed to the same participants that partook in the semi-structured interview. By having them answer statements and describe the prototype freely, it was clear that every respondent didn’t have a positive attitude towards the prototype’s construction. However, a majority of the participants claimed that they would use a cigarette packaging like this to hold the cigarette butts when no better option was available. Additionally, the respondents stated that the cigarette packaging would personally motivate them to discard fewer cigarette butts on the ground, and also that the cigarette packaging would decrease the amount of cigarette butts in the environment generally. Consequently, an alternative cigarette packaging would possibly reduce the amount of cigarette butts on the streets and therefore positively affect the environment.

Abstract Aim of the work: The aim of this work was based on a questionnaire survey to find out the respondents' views on whether smoking cigarettes, electronic cigarettes and the use of heated tobacco affects body weight, including gender differences. The secondary aim was determined with any likelihood of replacing respondents who vape EC or use heated tobacco according to a variable flavor, food, or snack of EC or heated tobacco. Methods: An anonymous online questionnaire consisting of 18 questions was spreaded via Facebook in the Spolucestování, Kolej 17. listopadů and 1. LF UK Nutriční terapeuti interest groups from 21 April 2021 to 31 March 2021, as well as through the discussion forums of the eMimino and Mamaguru websites. Only individuals who smoke cigarettes, vape electronic cigarettes with nicotine or use heated tobacco could participate in the questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was completed by 190 respondents. , while 6 respondents were excluded due to incomplete answers or failure to meet the entry criteria. The final set includes 184 respondents. Results: The group of 184 respondents consisted of 101 women and 83 men. Average age of the group was 27.63 ± 8.20 years, average age of women 27.10 ± 7.53 years, average age of men 28.27 ± 8.96 years. The result shows that 34% of...

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:49:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Chirle de Oliveira Raphaelli.pdf: 2042421 bytes, checksum: dca9285475d5454a756be2a21059631f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-25 / Among the risk factors associated with noncommunicable diseases and injuries (DANTS), include those related to lifestyle, especially smoking, physical inactivity, poor diet and alcohol abuse. Adolescence is a particularly relevant in determining dants, whereas behaviors and habits acquired at this stage tend to persist into adulthood. Moreover, the behavior of risk the health of parents and siblings can influence health risk behavior of adolescents. Objectives: To evaluate the association between health risk behaviors among adolescent schoolchildren and their parents and siblings living in a rural area of the municipality of Rio Grande do Sul. Methodology: Cross-sectional study in a rural area in the town of Barão do Triunfo / RS . The sample will include young students from 5th to 8th grades in the municipal education, their parents and siblings at the age of adolescence (10-19 years). Will be collected on the adolescents, their parents and siblings, health risk behaviors (physical inactivity, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, poor eating habits and excess weight) in addition to socioeconomic, demographic and health of the population studied . For data collection the students were included questions about the work situation, and to measure the body fat percentage. Analysis Statistics: A description of the studied population, including the pertaining to school, parents and brothers, will be lead according to demographic, socioeconomics characteristics, mannering nutricionais and of health. The association between the studied outcomes and the independent variable will be evaluated with the test of Qui-square for heterogeneidade or linear trend. Relevance: With the data from this study, we have scientific grounds to carry out interventions and plan prevention strategies in the medium and long term in order to promote changes in habits and behaviors related to lifestyle for the whole family. / Entre os fatores de risco associados às doenças e agravos não transmissíveis (DANTs), destacam-se os relacionados ao estilo de vida, especialmente o tabagismo, a inatividade física, a alimentação inadequada e o consumo abusivo de álcool. A adolescência é um período especialmente relevante na determinação das DANTs, visto que comportamentos e hábitos adquiridos nessa fase tendem a se manter até a idade adulta. Além disso, o comportamento de risco à saúde de pais e irmãos pode influenciar o comportamento de risco à saúde de adolescentes. Objetivos: Avaliar a associação de comportamentos de risco à saúde entre adolescentes escolares do ensino fundamental e seus pais e irmãos moradores de um município de zona rural do Rio Grande do Sul. Metodologia: Estudo transversal na zona rural no município de Barão do Triunfo/RS. A amostra incluirá os adolescentes estudantes de 5ª a 8ª séries da rede municipal de educação, seus pais e irmãos na faixa etária da adolescência (10 a 19 anos). Serão obtidas informações dos adolescentes, seus pais e irmãos, de comportamentos de risco à saúde (inatividade física, uso de cigarros, consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, maus hábitos alimentares e excesso de peso) além de informações socioeconômicas, demográficas e de saúde da população estudada. Para coleta de dados dos escolares foram acrescentadas questões sobre a situação de trabalho, além de avaliar o percentual de gordura corporal. Análise Estatística: Uma descrição da população estudada, incluindo os escolares, pais e irmãos, será conduzida segundo características demográficas, socioeconômicas e de comportamentos de risco à saúde. A associação entre os desfechos estudados e as variáveis independentes serão avaliados com o teste de Qui-quadrado para heterogeneidade ou tendência linear. Relevância: Com os dados do presente estudo, teremos embasamento científico para realizar intervenções e planejar estratégias de prevenção em médio e longo prazo, a fim de promover mudanças de hábitos e comportamentos ligados ao estilo de vida de toda a família.

This thesis investigates what it means to view disruptive innovation as a political problem. I take my point of departure in the tendency for controversial disruptions in heavily regulated sectors, such as electronic cigarettes or hydraulic fracturing, to open regulatory spaces by challenging established expectations about how they ought to be governed. In the wake of such disruption, policy actors with a stake in the matter engage in sensemaking and discursive contests to control the meaning of the innovations in order to close the regulatory spaces by aligning them with one set of laws instead of another. I study these contests in two recent legislative initiatives of the European Union to address the disruptive potential of e-cigarettes and fracking: the 2014 revision of the Tobacco Products Directive and the 2014 Commission recommendations on unconventional fossil fuels. The research draws on 51 interviews carried out with key policy actors during and after the policy debates. I bolster this with an analysis of policy documents, press releases and scientific studies, as well as a content and network analysis of position statements in newspaper articles. I find that the strategic use of rhetoric and framing plays an important part in creating, maintaining, and entrenching opposed coalitions in both policy debates. In both case studies, the policy solution is accompanied by deteriorating levels of trust among participants, leading coalitions to engage in strategies of venue-shopping to circumvent their opponents. This underscores the significant challenges there are for policymakers to address disruptions while maintaining legitimacy. The original contribution of the thesis lies in its novel conceptualization of disruptive innovation as a political problem, its application of micro-sociological approaches to the politics of expertise and European public policy, and its practical and theoretical suggestions for how to better study periods of disruption and govern through them. / Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur andelen rökare av cigaretter påverkar denrökningsrelaterade sjukvårdskostnaden för den svenska vården. Studien presenterar treframtidsprognoser för den framtida andelen rökare under de kommande 15 åren. I den förstaprognosen antas andelen rökare vara på dagens nivå, sju procent, de kommande 15 åren. Iden andra prognosen minskar andelen rökare initialt och når sedan ett lägre steady-statejämfört med den första prognosen. I den sista prognosen minskar andelen rökare enligt dentrend som varit sedan 2004.För att kunna kalkylera de framtida sjukvårdskostnaderna har tillskrivningsfaktorer använtspå ett urval av rökningsrelaterade sjukdomar. Resultaten visar olika rökningsrelateradesjukvårdskostnader utifrån prognoserna. Kostnaderna i den första prognosen är konstantagenom hela prognosperioden. I den andra prognosen minskade de rökningsrelateradesjukvårdskostnaderna till år 2028, därefter var kostnaden lika stor för varje år. I den sistaprognosen halverades nästan kostnaden fram till år 2033.Slutsatsen som kan dras är att andelen rökare har en direkt påverkan på de rökningsrelateradesjukvårdskostnaderna. Utvecklingen av andelen rökare innebär en stor skillnad iprognostiserade kostnader och den bör undersökas noggrannare i framtiden för att kunna fåbättre prognoser. / The purpose of the thesis is to investigate how the proportion of cigarette smokers affects thesmoking-related healthcare cost for the Swedish healthcare. The study presents threeforecasts regarding the development of future proportion of smokers in the coming 15 yearsand the estimated healthcare costs with each scenario. In the first forecast, the proportion ofsmokers is at today's 7 percent and is expected to be constant for the next 15 years. Thesecond forecast deals with a future scenario in which the proportion of smokers decreases andthen evens out, thus reaching a lower steady-state compared to the first forecast. In the lastforecast, the proportion of smokers decreases according to the trend seen since 2004.To calculate future healthcare costs, attribution factors were used on a selection of smokingrelated diseases. The results show different smoking-related health care costs based on theforecasts. The costs of the first forecast show no significant changes. In the second forecast,smoking-related healthcare costs decreased until 2028. After that, the cost was the same foreach year. For the last forecast, the cost almost halved by 2033.The conclusion that can be drawn is that the proportion of smokers has a direct impact onsmoking-related health care costs. The difference in the proportion of smokers makes a bigdifference to the costs incurred.

A quantitative, descriptive, explorative design was used to examine drug abuse among adolescents in Swaziland. The researcher collected data by interviewing adolescents who abused drugs in the Msunduza township, Mbabane, Swaziland. The study found that these adolescents abused alcohol to such an extent that they were often intoxicated and their schoolwork deteriorated. Only 21,7% (n=13) of the adolescents were addicted to illegal drugs. The respondents indicated that the use of drugs had negatively affected their relationships with other people and their lives in general, and they had been arrested for criminal offences, which could be contributed to their use of drugs. Peer group pressure and being accepted by their friends were the primary factors that contributed to the problem. However, the fact that more than half of the sample did not live with both their parents and had a poor relationship with their guardians could also be a factor. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)