La conception heideggérienne du « cercle de la compréhension » exposée aux §§ 31 et 32 de Sein und Zeit est bien connue et a souvent été analysée, notamment par Hans-Georg Gadamer dans Vérité et méthode (1960) et Jean Greisch dans son commentaire de Sein und Zeit (1994). Mais on a trop peu vu que la théorie du cercle herméneutique déterminait aussi la conception heideggérienne de la philosophie. Notre recherche s’efforcera de le montrer et d’expliquer pourquoi il en est ainsi. Au plan de la méthodologie, nous proposerons, en nous inspirant des commentateurs les plus autorisés (Greisch, Gadamer, Courtine, et al.), un commentaire serré des §§ 31 et 32 de Sein und Zeit, sans oublier le § 63 où Heidegger souligne lui-même la « situation herméneutique » de sa propre enquête, ni le § 68 où se trouve mise en évidence la dimension temporelle du cercle de la compréhension. Nous tâcherons ensuite de montrer en quoi ce cercle affecte la conception heideggérienne de la philosophie telle que présentée au § 7 de Sein und Zeit et dans d’autres textes de Heidegger tels que Les problèmes fondamentaux de la phénoménologie (GA 24). / Heidegger’s understanding of the « hermeneutic circle » presented in §§ 31 et 32 of Sein und Zeit is well known and was analysed, among others, by Hans-Georg Gadamer in Truth and Method (1960) and Jean Greisch in his commentary of Sein und Zeit (1994). However, what has received too little attention is the extent to which the hermeneutic circle theory has a determining influence on Heidegger’s idea and practice of philosophy. Our research will attempt to explain why this is so. In our methodology, guided by the most relevant commentators (Greisch, Gadamer, Courtine, et al.), we elaborate a close analysis of §§ 31 and 32 in Sein und Zeit. This commentary also takes into account § 63, where Heidegger himself underlines the « hermeneutic situation » of his own investigation and § 68 where the temporal dimension of the hermeneutic circle is pointed out. We conclude by trying to demonstrate in what respect the circle influences Heidegger’s interpretation of philosophy, as shown in § 7 of Sein und Zeit and in other texts of Heidegger, such as The Fundamental Problems of Phenomenology (GA 24).

This dissertation focuses on the modern art of Pakistan from 1947-57, more specifically, the role of six important artists who founded the Lahore Art Circle (LAC) in 1952. The group played a pivotal role in the formulation of modernism in Pakistan after its establishment as an Islamic Republic. Framed within postcolonial theories and criticism, this study will address the role of modern art in developing new artistic sensibilities in the nation of Pakistan. In order to understand the context of LAC’s framing of “modernism” and “nationalism” in terms of specific historic and hybrid nexus,my research will provide an investigation of works of only the founding members of the Lahore Art Circle including: Shakir Ali (1924-1975), Sheikh Safdar Ali (1924-1983),Moyene Najmi (1926-1997), Ali Imam (1924-2000), Ahmed Parvez (1926-1979) and Anwar Jalal Shemza (1928-1985). In analyzing the works of individual artists and the role of LAC during the first decade of the establishment of Pakistan as a nation-state, this study provides a framework to understand the specific condition of modernism in Pakistan that was dictated by these artists’ careers and works. Thus, this research investigates how the framing of modernism for these artists took on highly personal, international, incipiently national and distinctly local forms in the early years of the Pakistan after the Partition of 1947. Lastly, it will also examine how the individual LAC artists situated themselves in the discourse between constructing a newly established Pakistani identity within the larger paradigms of international modernism.

This work compares and evaluates several math's textbooks for secondary school where we can find schoolwork from plane geometry. The aim of this work is drawing the main advantages and disadvantages of those textbooks, evaluating whether all textbooks contain themes which are required by School Curriculum and interpretation of a questionnaire survey among teachers of mathematics. In the last chapter, it is described how a new ideal textbook of plane geometry wouldlook like. Those were taken on the grounds of gained information from my questionnaire survey. Themes which cannot be found in compared textbooks for secondary schools are a part of recently made textbook since it is not necessary to know any new terms for their understanding. Key words: geometry, teaching geometry, textbooks, polygon, circle

This master's thesis explores the possibility of including Taxicab metric as a subject matter into instruction at lower secondary level of education and it does so in several ways. Firstly, it looks into a curricular document of state level (Framework Educational Programme) and discusses instances at which the subject matter and the concept of lower secondary education are in agreement. Secondly, this thesis analyses a selected series of textbooks with respect to exercises that can be seen as linked to non-Euclidean metrics. Furthermore an experiment is described and evaluated, whose purpose, as a part of this thesis, was to find out if selected pupils can successfully solve problems in the context of the Taxicab metric and if related instruction influenced pupils' understanding of the concept of line segment and circle in a desired way. The teaching material which constituted an integral part of the experiment is presented as well.

The aim of this Bachelor thesis and Minor Field Study is, from the perspective of the Vietnamese children at The General Science Library in Ho Chi Minh City, to obtain a deeper understanding of the ways in which the reading environment of The Children's Room supports children's interest in reading and their reading experience. It is assumed that reading is a dynamic and social activity made possible by internal and external conditions. In this context limited freedom of expression is one of the external conditions that is taken into consideration. In order to obtain understanding of Vietnamese children's experiences of reading, I used Aidan Chambers' model of The Reading Circle as a theoretical framework. The methods used in this study were semi-structured interviews with Vietnamese young people at the library, four girls and five boys, aged between 10 and 15 years. The children in this study describe two types of reading experiences: 1) reading that gives feelings of excitement and joy, and makes them want to reread a book, talk about it with others, think of it, remember and analyse it. And 2) reading they describe as developing, either spiritually or intellectually, a form of reading for improvement. Four reading environments are identified that both enable and obstruct reading experiences, their homes, school, library and the bookstore. Primarily, The Children's Room enables reading.

Orientador: Renata Zotin Gomes de Oliveira / Resumo: Este trabalho concentra-se no estudo do comportamento elástico de materiais através da análise das matrizes de rigidez e flexibilidade de estruturas elementares. Baseado em conceitos da disciplina Resistência dos Materiais e nas propriedades elásticas dos materiais são apresentadas e demonstradas relações matemáticas que refletem as associações entre as tensões normais e de cisalhamento atuantes e as deformações e distorções decorrentes. Essas relações são ilustradas computacionalmente, através do software Geogebra. Transformações de coordenadas possibilitam a determinação de tensões em planos diferentes dos originais de forma analítica ou gráfica. Estes conceitos são aplicados a materiais compósitos ortotrópicos sujeitos a carregamento plano, configuração característica de uma lâmina de material compósito empregada em estruturas mais complexas, possibilitando a determinação das propriedades elásticas de uma lâmina em direções diferentes das chamadas direções principais, alinhadas ou ortogonais à direção das fibras. / Abstract: This essay focuses on the study of the elastic behavior of materials through the analysis of the stiffness and flexibility matrices of elementary structures. Based on the concepts of the Material Resistance discipline and the elastic properties of the materials, mathematical relationships are presented and demonstrated that reflect the associations between the acting normal and shear stresses and the resulting deformations and distortions. These relationships are computationally illustrated through Geogebra software. Coordinate transformations allow the determination of stresses in different planes of the originals in an analytical or graphical way. These concepts are applied to orthotropic composites subjected to flat loading, characteristic configuration of a composite material blade used in more complex structures, making it possible to determine the elastic properties of a blade in different directions of the so-called main directions, aligned or orthogonal to the direction of the fibers. / Mestre

Orientador: Gisele Maria Schwartz / Banca: Carmem Maria Aguiar / Banca: Yara Aparecida Couto / Resumo: Esse estudo teve como objetivo identificar quais as matrizes presentes nas danças indígenas que aparecem nas danças circulares na contemporaneidade. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza qualitativa, envolvendo uma pesquisa exploratória, desenvolvida por meio de entrevista estruturada, aplicada a uma amostra intencional constituída por 13 sujeitos adultos, de ambos os sexos, com faixas etárias variadas, integrantes da Aldeia do Aguapeú, os quais encontravam-se diretamente envolvidos com os rituais de danças indígenas na população Guarani M'Bya, Município de Mongaguá, SP. Os dados foram analisados descritivamente, utilizando-se a Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo Temático. Os resultados indicam que os Cantos e as danças sagradas são considerados comuns a todas as cerimônias celebrativas indígenas, independente de datas especiais. Os rituais das danças, quando vivenciadas na opy, são como forma de conexão com os Deuses e, do lado de fora da opy, têm o intuito de reunir a comunidade para vivenciar a diversão. Isso demonstra que essas danças inserem-se, tanto nos contextos do sagrado, como no profano, evidenciado no campo do lazer. As danças executadas na comunidade foram: dança Xondaro e dança de Terreiro vivenciadas em círculo. A dança Xondaro é praticada apenas pelo sexo masculino, num contexto de luta semelhante ao da capoeira, com treinamento específico, cujo objetivo é os indígenas permanecerem mais fortes, tanto fisicamente como espiritualmente, além de protegerem a si próprios e à opy. A dança do Terreiro, em círculo, é praticada anteriormente a qualquer apresentação na opy, durante todas às noites, conduzida pelo Pajé, na forma de oração a Nhanderú. As danças indígenas praticadas em circulo preservam importantes experiências com relação aos aspectos simbólicos, bem como, a expressão do sagrado, aspectos que também são identificados... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study aimed to identifying which of the present matrices in the indian dances that appear in the contemporary circle dances. This qualitative study involved an exploratory research developed through a structured interview, applied to an intentional sample consisted of 13 adult of both sexes, different age groups, members of the Aldeia do Aguapeú, which were directly involved with the rituals of Indian dances in the Guarani population M'Bya, Mongaguá, SP. Data were descriptively analyzed, using Thematic Content Analysis Technique. The results indicate that the songs and sacred dances are considered common to all the commemorative ceremonies, regardless specific dates. The ritual dances, when experienced in opy represent a way of connecting with the Gods and, outside of opy they promote gathering of the community to pleasant experiences. This demonstrates that these dances fall in both contexts the sacred and the profane, evidenced in the field of leisure. The dances which were performed in the community were Xondaro dance and Terreiro dance, both danced in a circle. The Xondaro dance is practiced only by males, in a context of struggle similar to Capoeira, with specific training, whose purpose is that the Indians becoming stronger, both physically and spiritually, and protect themselves and opy. The Terreiro dance was practiced in a circle prior to any presentation at opy during every evening, led by the Shaman in the form of prayer to Nhanderu. The Indian dances practiced in a circle preserve important experiences regording the symbolical aspects, like the sacred expression, aspects that are identifieds in the circle dances. Therefore, it was evident that those dances preserve some characteristics of the Indian dances, considering that the circular of those dances is associated with a ritualization / Mestre

No presente trabalho consideramos homeomorfismos do círculo sem pontos periódicos e com o mesmo número finito de pontos críticos todos de tipo non-flat. Provamos que se existe uma conjugação topológica entre dois destes mapas que leva ponto crítico em ponto crítico, sem necessidade de preservar criticalidades, então dita conjugação é uma transformação quase-simétrica com distorção quase-simétrica local uniformemente limitada. Estes resultados são válidos para qualquer número de rotação irracional e são independentes da natureza das criticalidades dos pontos críticos, de modo que nossos resultados são válidos para toda criticalidade real. / In this work we consider circle homeomorphisms without periodic points and with finite number of critical points all of them being non-flat. We prove that if there exists a topological conjugacy between two of those maps which sends critical point into critical point, which not necessarily preserve criticalities, then this conjugacy is a quasi-symmetric map with quasi-symmetric distortion universally bounded. All these results are valid for any irrational rotation number and are independent of the nature of the criticalities, therefore our results are valid for all real criticalities.

A pesquisa utiliza a Cena Contemporânea (2011-2013) e o jogo do Círculo Neutro como anteparos para os processos de preparação e criação do ator. Primeiro, procura refletir sobre os ambientes formativos, relacionando as proposições de Agamben sobre o \"ser qualquer [e o] assim, irreparável\" (1993), com as de Bauman sobre \"comunidade, segurança, liberdade e estrangeiro\" (2003). Segundo, busca cartografar o Círculo Neutro e, para isso, entrevista François Kahn, Francisco Medeiros, Inês Aranha e Maurício Paroni de Castro. Depois, junto a um grupo de atores, instala um campo de verificação prático e experimental para vivenciar, derivar, descrever e enquadrar o Círculo Neutro como \"jogo\". Considera que o jogo e o jogar, portadores dos aspectos risco, acidente e imprevistos, mostram-se produtivos para o trabalho do ator e para o desenvolvimento orgânico da cena, pois colaboram para a formação de um artista mais \"aberto\" e com \"jogo de cintura\". / The study uses the Contemporary Scene (2011-2013) and the Neutral Circle game as support for the actors\' processes of preparation and creation. Firstly, it aims at reflecting about the education environments by relating the propositions of Agamben about the \"whatever being [and the] therefore, irreparable\" (1993), with those of Bauman about \"community, safety, freedom and foreign\" (2003). Secondly, it tries to map the Neutral Circle, and for that interviews François Khan, Francisco Medeiros, Inês Aranha, and Maurício Paroni de Castro. Afterwards, with a group of actors, it establishes a space of practical and experimental verification to experience, derive, describe and frame the Neutral Circle as a \"game\". The analysis considers that the game and the act of playing, involving the aspects of risk, accident and the unexpected, are productive for the work of the actor and for the organic development of the scene, because they collaborate with the formation of an artist who is more \"open\" and \"more flexible\".

This practiced-based thesis examines how a new Visual Communication methodology helps interaction designers to improve their future designs. This is achieved by engaging in creating visual interpretations from a lived experience that they need to design for, to reveal the phenomenological essence of what users have actually experienced, rather than what they say they have. This new Visual Phenomenological Methodology (VPM) places interaction designers into a specific communicational situation, in order to understand the phenomena of users’ lived experience ‘through their eyes.’ Thus immersed, interaction designers montage visual interpretations of what users saw/felt/did in the lived experience. The VPM facilitates interaction designers into designer-interpreters, who can interpret sensory data into a behavioural story of what its like to be the user in a lived experience. This thesis has developed the VPM across three peer reviewed, practice-based projects, using a synthesis of the pragmatic semiotics of Peirce, Hermeneutic Phenomenology, and visual communication techniques. Following the Frascaran view that the design discipline of Visual Communication (graphic design and illustration) is a positive facilitator of behavioural change, the VPM employs this hermeneutic-semiosis synthesis to facilitate interaction designers to develop a deeper and emergent understanding of the hidden motivations behind user behaviour. Through a contextual review into Visual Communication, Interaction Design, Phenomenology and Semiosis, this thesis develops the VPM from a theoretical concept, to a set of designer-friendly method cards that interaction designers can employ during their ideation phase. Throughout its development the VPM and its method cards were workshopped and peer reviewed by interaction designers. This thesis, over the following seven chapters, demonstrates how the VPM successfully provided Visual Communication design with a fresh way to re-influence Interaction Design, as a new contribution to knowledge.