O Relatio de Odorico de Pordenone (1330) foi uma das narrativas de viagem mais copiadas durante a Idade Média, mas não obteve um impacto semelhante na literatura medieval que outros viajantes menos reproduzidos conquistaram. Baseado nesta aparente contradição, esta dissertação pretende investigar a difusão de ideias nos séculos XIV e XV a partir deste livro. A pesquisa é dividida em duas partes de dois capítulos cada. Na primeira parte, analisamos os aspectos internos do texto em suas contingências de sua elaboração, características formais, opções retóricas e diálogos que estabelece com a escolástica, hagiografias e outros textos de viagem. Nos capítulos da segunda parte, buscamos o impacto que o friuliano exerceu sobre seu público, examinando a distribuição e anotações de suas reproduções, e, finalmente, a forma com que é aceito, refutado ou usado sem o devido crédito em quatro obras posteriores. Em nossa conclusão, tecemos as diferentes estratégias de apropriação dos conteúdos observados e a forma com que modificaram as ideias iniciais de nosso objeto de estudo. / O Relatio de Odorico de Pordenone (1330) foi uma das narrativas de viagem mais copiadas durante a Idade Média, mas não obteve um impacto semelhante na literatura medieval que outros viajantes menos reproduzidos conquistaram. Baseado nesta aparente contradição, esta dissertação pretende investigar a difusão de ideias nos séculos XIV e XV a partir deste livro. A pesquisa é dividida em duas partes de dois capítulos cada. Na primeira parte, analisamos os aspectos internos do texto em suas contingências de sua elaboração, características formais, opções retóricas e diálogos que estabelece com a escolástica, hagiografias e outros textos de viagem. Nos capítulos da segunda parte, buscamos o impacto que o friuliano exerceu sobre seu público, examinando a distribuição e anotações de suas reproduções, e, finalmente, a forma com que é aceito, refutado ou usado sem o devido crédito em quatro obras posteriores. Em nossa conclusão, tecemos as diferentes estratégias de apropriação dos conteúdos observados e a forma com que modificaram as ideias iniciais de nosso objeto de estudo.

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar a trajetória intelectual do escritor Ramon del Valle-Inclán que transitou entre os círculos intelectuais de Madrid e da Cidade do México produzindo interpretações sobre a América Hispânica num contexto de tentativas de reaproximação entre a metrópole e suas ex-colônias na década de 1920. Também objetivamos analisar o significado dos contatos intelectuais entre o escritor e intelectuais hispano-americanos que foram relevantes para a gestação e produção de seu romance Tirano Banderas (1926). Em um contexto de comemoração dos centenários de independência, esta obra teve grande repercussão e suscitou debates sobre o papel cultural da Espanha em toda América Hispânica. A análise sobre sua gestação, produção e primeira recepção na América e na Espanha, só se torna possível porque um vasto e rico epistolário relacionado ao autor foi, recentemente, publicado. Além dessa fonte básica para este tipo de estudo, pretendemos analisar os debates registrados na imprensa dos dois lados do Atlântico, o que nos permitirá fazer um contraponto entre esses registros e a referida obra do autor. / I intend to analyze in this research the Valle-Inclán\'s intellectual trajectory as an artist that produced some interpretations about Hispanic America in the context of Independence Centenary Celebrations. Also intend to analyze the intellectual contacts between Valle-Inclán and hispanicamerican intellectuals that were important to produce its masterpiece Tirano Banderas. This research is only possible because it recently was published Valle-Inclán\'s vast collection of letters.

À la croisée de la sociologie des intellectuels et de l'expertise, des travaux sur le Parti socialiste et des études de réception, j'ai exploré dans le cadre de ma thèse les mécanismes par lesquels les discours et les idées politiques circulent à la fois entre espaces nationaux et entre espaces savants et politiques. Elle prend pour objet la traduction dans le milieu socialiste français de la « Troisième voie » britannique entre 1997 et 2008. Contribution à une sociologie des discours politiques et idéologiques, elle combine une archéologie des textes produits par les traducteurs, recourant aux outils élaborés par M. Foucault et, à sa suite, l'analyse de discours, avec une analyse écologique de leurs conditions sociales de production, de circulation et de traduction, recourant aux outils d'analyse des propriétés sociales des acteurs et des espaces dans lesquels ils se socialisent. Cette enquête montre comment les usages du référent néo-travailliste et sa circulation se rapportent à la position occupée par ses traducteurs non seulement dans leur différents champs d'origine (en l'occurrence le champ politique, le champ intellectuel et l'espace de l'expertise d'État) mais aussi dans le réseau hybride qu'ils constituent à la croisée de ces différents champs. Mais, contre la tentation de réduire les discours au statut de reflets ou de supports expressifs, la traduction du néo-travaillisme doit aussi se comprendre comme une entreprise d'enrôlement d'une référence étrangère au service d'un travail de problématisation et de redéfinition idéologique du socialisme contemporain face aux problèmes auxquels il est confronté. À la différence d'une approche strictement transnationale ou comparative, la référence à l'étranger fonctionne ici comme une manière de mieux comprendre les logiques socio-discursives à l'œuvre dans le milieu socialiste français. La description des références à la « Troisième voie » ou à la figure de Tony Blair fonctionnent ainsi comme un révélateur fécond de reconfigurations plus larges, comme la mutation des rapports entre savants et politiques, la désintellectualisation de l'activité politique au sein du Parti socialiste ou encore la recomposition idéologique de la gauche française à l'égard du libéralisme dans les années 1990-2000. / My research stands at the meeting point of sociology of intellectuals and expertise, works on the Socialist party and studies on reception. I investigate the mechanisms through which political discourse and ideas circulate both on a national scale and in intellectual and political spaces. I focus on how the British « Third Way » was translated within the French socialist circle between 1997 and 2008. My thesis works as a contribution to the sociology of political and ideological discourse : referring to M. Foucault's theoretical tools, it is based on an « archeology » of texts produced by the translators. It also relies on discourse analysis through an ecological analysis of their social conditions of production, circulation and translation, taking also into account the social characteristics of the agents and the spaces in which they socialize. This investigation underlines how the New Labour model is used and spread in relationship with the translators' position within the diverse fields they belong to (that is to say, political field, intellectual field, state expertise field) but also within the hybrid network they form at the meeting point of these various fields. However, in order to resist the temptation to reduce discourse to simple reflections or expressive material, the translation of the New Labourism has also to be understood as an attempt to incorporate a foreign reference to help problematizing and redefining the ideology of contemporary socialism, given the problems it has been confronted with. My research is not strictly a transnational or comparative approach : the references to Great Britain work here as a way to better understand the socio-discursive logics at work in the French Socialist circle. Therefore, the references to the « Third Way » or to Tony Blair's figure are made explicit to reveal larger reconfigurations, as the mutation of the relationship between scientists and politicians, the desintellectualization of politics within the Socialist Party or the ideological shifting attitude of the French Left towards liberalism during the 1990's.

A presente tese tem como tema as contribuições de Edward Lee Thorndike e de John Dewey no campo da educação matemática. Especificamente, a pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar os processos de circulação das ideias desses educadores na formação matemática de professores do ensino primário no Brasil e as apropriações decorrentes desses processos, centrando a discussão entre as décadas de 1920 e 1960. Os conceitos de circulação, apropriação e histórica conectada, dentre outros, foram operados com base em autores tais como Roger Chartier, Serge Gruzinski, Pierre Bourdieu e Michel de Certeau. Constituíram-se enquanto fontes de pesquisa programas de ensino, manuais pedagógicos, relatórios de viagem, correspondência, jornais e revistas pedagógicas. A análise desenvolveu-se privilegiando os viajantes pedagógicos e os impressos. Quanto a este último, o foco recaiu nos programas de ensino, bibliotecas pedagógicas e manuais pedagógicos. Dentre as conclusões, observa-se o papel importante que os viajantes pedagógicos desempenharam na circulação das ideias de Dewey e de Thorndike, seja na forma de publicações que faziam referência aos educadores estadunidenses, ou por meio da atuação docente na formação de professores. Outros meios de promover essa circulação foram os programas de ensino e bibliotecas pedagógicas, nos quais constam títulos de Dewey e Thorndike e manuais que a eles fazem referência. Em termos de apropriação, percebe-se a presença de Dewey para tratar de assuntos de escopo mais geral da educação, enquanto que Thorndike é mobilizado para discutir questões mais específicas de aritmética, tais como a importância de recorrer a situações e valores reais. / The following thesis focus on the contributions of Edward Lee Thorndike and John Dewey to mathematics education field. Specifically, the research had as aim to investigate the processes of circulation of these authors ideas in mathematics teachers education in Brazil and the correspondent appropriations, focusing the discussion in the period between 1920s and 1960s. The concepts of circulation, appropriation and connected history, and others, were operated based in such authors as Roger Chartier, Serge Gruzinski, Pierre Bourdieu and Michel de Certeau. Some of the sources were course programs, handbooks, travel reports, correspondence, papers and pedagogical journals. The analysis privileged the pedagogical travelers and the impressions. In relation to the impressions, the focus was the course programs, pedagogical libraries and handbooks. The conclusions point to the important part played by the pedagogical travelers in the circulation of Deweys and Thorndikes ideas, through publications referring to these American educators or based on practice in teachers education. Other ways that promoted the circulation were the course programs and the pedagogical libraries, where there are Deweys and Thorndikes works included or handbooks that mention them. Related to appropriation, Dewey is mentioned referring to general aspects of education, and Thorndike to more specific discussions related to arithmetic.

Qu'est-ce qui amène un pays, à un moment donné de son histoire, à faire le choix d'augmenter la taille de son parc pénitentiaire, de mener une « politique des murs » ? Pour répondre à cette question, nous comparons deux pays qui ont suivi des voies différentes : le Canada et la France. S'il a souvent été affirmé dans la littérature des sciences sociales que la décision de construire des prisons relevait de circonstances politiques, peu de travaux l'ont prouvé, et notre thèse entend commencer à combler cette lacune. En nous appuyant sur la sociologie de la décision, nous avons analysé les structures qui donnent naissance aux réformes touchant à la prison, l'action des acteurs impliqués, leur participation à l'élaboration de référentiels de politique pénale, et la façon dont s'organisait la circulation des idées dans les milieux décisionnels. Combinant observation des chiffres des prisons, travail archivistique, consultation de la littérature grise de la politique pénale de 1980 à 2005, et entretiens semi-directifs auprès de responsables politico-administratifs des deux pays (et à plusieurs niveaux de gouvernement dans le cas du Canada), nous avons cherché à expliciter les représentations qui guidaient les acteurs dans la définition du contenu programmatique d'une politique pénale. Le type de problème sélectionné par les responsables politico-administratifs, la place de la sécurité à l'agenda politique, et la participation d'administrateurs dénués de préoccupations électoralistes à la formulation des énoncés de solution sont les principaux facteurs explicatifs de la taille du parc carcéral. In fine, la composition des milieux décisionnels, de même que la propension des élites à intégrer d'autres catégories d'acteurs (groupes d'intérêts, consultants et universitaires) suffisamment institutionnalisées pour influencer l'élaboration des référentiels d'action publique, auront permis d'expliquer les écarts dans les politiques de construction menées dans les deux pays. / What is it that drives a country, at some point in history, to make a choice to increase its custodial capacity and to realise a ‘policy of walls'? To answer this question, this thesis develops a comparison between two countries which, in this respect, have followed very different paths: Canada and France. Although it is often claimed in social science literature that the decision to build prisons was a response to specific political circumstances, very few studies have documented empirically the interplay between the policy-makers responsible and the institutional framework within which such choices were determined. This thesis aims to begin to eliminate this lacuna. Drawing on the sociology of decision-making, we have conducted analyses of the structures underlying prison reforms and scrutinized the actions of those members of the political class involved in the process, including the variety of policy advisers involved in the formulation of penal policy. Particular attention has been drawn on the circulation of ideas in decision-making milieux. Drawing on a combination of penal statistics, institutional archives, ‘Grey Literature' in penal policy from 1980 to 2005, as well as semi-structured interviews conducted with public officials from both countries (and at both levels of government in the case of Canada), the thesis highlights the views those involved in the implementation of reforms to the criminal justice system referred to when establishing specific penal policies' programmatic content. The type of problems defined by public officials, the role played by public safety issues in the political culture of both countries and openness to delegating solutions to reform-minded civil servants mostly account for changes in prison capacity. Finally, it is contended that it was the composition of the decision-making milieux taken together with the propensity of elites to absorb participants from differentiated sub-sectors (interests groups, consultants, academics, etc.) that are sufficiently institutionalized to influence the decision-making process), that explains the differences in prison building policies between the two countries.

A presente tese tem como tema as contribuições de Edward Lee Thorndike e de John Dewey no campo da educação matemática. Especificamente, a pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar os processos de circulação das ideias desses educadores na formação matemática de professores do ensino primário no Brasil e as apropriações decorrentes desses processos, centrando a discussão entre as décadas de 1920 e 1960. Os conceitos de circulação, apropriação e histórica conectada, dentre outros, foram operados com base em autores tais como Roger Chartier, Serge Gruzinski, Pierre Bourdieu e Michel de Certeau. Constituíram-se enquanto fontes de pesquisa programas de ensino, manuais pedagógicos, relatórios de viagem, correspondência, jornais e revistas pedagógicas. A análise desenvolveu-se privilegiando os viajantes pedagógicos e os impressos. Quanto a este último, o foco recaiu nos programas de ensino, bibliotecas pedagógicas e manuais pedagógicos. Dentre as conclusões, observa-se o papel importante que os viajantes pedagógicos desempenharam na circulação das ideias de Dewey e de Thorndike, seja na forma de publicações que faziam referência aos educadores estadunidenses, ou por meio da atuação docente na formação de professores. Outros meios de promover essa circulação foram os programas de ensino e bibliotecas pedagógicas, nos quais constam títulos de Dewey e Thorndike e manuais que a eles fazem referência. Em termos de apropriação, percebe-se a presença de Dewey para tratar de assuntos de escopo mais geral da educação, enquanto que Thorndike é mobilizado para discutir questões mais específicas de aritmética, tais como a importância de recorrer a situações e valores reais. / The following thesis focus on the contributions of Edward Lee Thorndike and John Dewey to mathematics education field. Specifically, the research had as aim to investigate the processes of circulation of these authors ideas in mathematics teachers education in Brazil and the correspondent appropriations, focusing the discussion in the period between 1920s and 1960s. The concepts of circulation, appropriation and connected history, and others, were operated based in such authors as Roger Chartier, Serge Gruzinski, Pierre Bourdieu and Michel de Certeau. Some of the sources were course programs, handbooks, travel reports, correspondence, papers and pedagogical journals. The analysis privileged the pedagogical travelers and the impressions. In relation to the impressions, the focus was the course programs, pedagogical libraries and handbooks. The conclusions point to the important part played by the pedagogical travelers in the circulation of Deweys and Thorndikes ideas, through publications referring to these American educators or based on practice in teachers education. Other ways that promoted the circulation were the course programs and the pedagogical libraries, where there are Deweys and Thorndikes works included or handbooks that mention them. Related to appropriation, Dewey is mentioned referring to general aspects of education, and Thorndike to more specific discussions related to arithmetic.

Alliés et amis de longue date, la France et les États-Unis n'ont cessé d'entretenir des relations depuis la Déclaration d'Indépendance de 1776. Néanmoins, ces échanges ont toujours été réputés extérieurs au domaine juridique, considéré comme inévitablement borné au champ national. Toutefois, l'examen approfondi des revues juridiques universitaires, entre la période 1870 et 1940, démontre la présence indéniable des juristes français dans la pensée juridique américaine, au travers des notes de bas de page, de comptes rendus d'ouvrages ou de la parution d'articles originaux. Grâce à la constitution d'une base de données et à des outils relevant de la bibliométrie, de l'analyse de réseau ou encore de l'iconographie, il a été mis en avant des usages fort différenciés de la référence française. Ces derniers remettent en question la question monolithique de l"influence" pour laisser transparaître une "circulation des idées" soumise à des processus de sélection et à l'emploi de voies de communication balisées. / France and the United States, long-standing allies and friends, have maintained constant relations since the 1776 Declaration of Independence. Nevertheless, these exchanges have always been considered external to the legal field, considered inevitably limited to the national field. However, an in-depth examination of law reviews between 1870 and 1940 shows the undeniable presence of French lawyers in American legal thought, through footnotes, book reviews or the publication of original articles. Thanks to the creation of a database and tools related to bibliometrics, network analysis and iconography, it has been possible to highlight the very different uses of the French reference. The latter question the monolithic question of "influence" to reveal a "flow of ideas" subject to selection processes and the use of marked communication channels.

Cette étude vise à aborder la culture des clercs séculiers en Savoie du XVIIIe siècle à 1860, date du rattachement de la Savoie à la France. Une première partie s’intéresse à la circulation des livres des ecclésiastiques. Elle décrit l’utilisation des manuels lors des études au collège chappuisien d’Annecy, puis dans les séminaires et les différentes universités, mais encore lors des conférences et des retraites ecclésiastiques. Par ailleurs, les livres sont achetés, prêtés à des collègues ou à des laïques, comme l’attestent de trop rares livres de raison retrouvés. Ce sont les testaments qui montrent que les bibliothèques, longuement constituées par héritages, achats tout au long d’une vie, sont ensuite le plus souvent transmises à des membres de la famille également hommes d’Eglise ou dispersées au profit de l’évêque, d’un vicaire ou de différentes institutions, ce qui prouve l’existence de réseaux intellectuels. Les livres relient donc le monde des morts au monde des vivants. La deuxième partie montre qu’ils sont aussi au cœur des débats intellectuels, ce qui explique que leur diffusion soit contrôlée par les autorités religieuses. Les livres sont ainsi au centre des réflexions concernant le protestantisme, le jansénisme, le mouvement des Lumières, l’épisode révolutionnaire de 1792, puis des enjeux de la modernité du XIXe siècle. La Savoie, frontière de catholicité, apparaît alors comme un relais original dans les processus de maturation et de diffusion des idées entre le royaume d’Italie, la France et l’Europe. La troisième partie propose à partir d’un corpus de bibliothèques, essentiellement du XVIIIe siècle, complété par des legs faits au XIXe siècle au grand séminaire de Chambéry, une classification des lecteurs comprenant différents types de desservants, des chanoines et des évêques. En croisant les différents centres d’intérêts en rapport avec la théologie et les sciences profanes, des identités cléricales se dessinent, des facteurs de cohésion, des signes de curiosité intellectuelle apparaissent et montrent que le clergé séculier savoyard est à la fois dépositaire et diffuseur auprès des fidèles d’une culture élargie et qu’il n’est pas à l’écart des évolutions de son époque. / The aim of the following study is to tackle the notion of knowledge and culture among Savoie’s secular clergy, from the 18th century to 1860, when Savoie was annexed by France. The first part focuses on the circulation of clergymen’s books. It depicts the way books are used by scholars at the Collège Chappuisien of Annecy, then in seminaries and different universities, as well as for lectures or ecclesiastical retreats. Besides, books are bought, passed on to colleagues and laymen, as one can learn from the very few commonplace books left. One can read in wills how libraries, whose volumes have been inherited or purchased over the years, are , most of the time, subsequently transmitted to relatives that are men of the cloth too, or scattered to the benefit of bishops, vicars or different institutions, which tends to prove the existence of intellectual networks. Books can thus be said to connect the world of the dead to that of the living. The second part shows that they are also at the very heart of intellectual debates, which explains why their circulation was controlled by religious authorities. Books are thus central points of reflection over Protestantism, Jansenism, the Enlightenment, the 1792 revolutionary episode and eventually what is at stake in 19th century modernity. Savoie, as a catholic boarder, appears as some original basis in the maturing process of ideas as well as their circulation between the kingdom of Italy, France and Europe. The third part, based on a corpus of 18th century libraries mostly and 19th century legacies to Chambéry’s Grand Séminaire, offers a classification of readers, among whom various types of parish priests, canons and bishops. By confronting the different centers of interest related to theology and profane science, some clerical identities are taking shape, factors of cohesion and signs of intellectual curiosity appear, showing that to the believers, Savoie’s secular clergy both keeps and spreads a broader culture and that its members are in no way cut off from the evolutions of their time.