京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間健康科学) / 甲第23825号 / 人健博第96号 / 新制||人健||7(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科人間健康科学系専攻 / (主査)教授 椎名 毅, 教授 精山 明敏, 教授 中本 裕士 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human Health Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM

航空業面對外部環境的改變、國際油價不斷上漲的考驗，如何降低成本、增加附加價值與提升服務品質來達成顧客滿意並強化競爭力，已成為各家航空公司所努力的方向。航空業由於高度接觸顧客的特性，已由交通運輸業慢慢轉型為服務業，因此本研究的重點在於了解台灣國際航線班機上，客艙環境所產生的服務失誤為何，以及個案航空公司所建議採取的服務補救措施，以關鍵事件技術法(Critical Incident Technique，CIT)為主，文獻比較為輔，蒐集自民國97年1月至民國102年5月間個案航空公司服勤管理課公佈之「客訴案例」研討與建議改善事項，共130份資料，將服務失誤與服務補救分類後，整理分析了解個案航空公司常見的服務失誤以及所採用的服務補救方式，針對研究分析結果提出管理上的建議，作為個案航空公司與航空業界實務上的參考依據。 / Airline industry is facing changes in the external environment and test of rising international oil price. How to reduce cost, increase the added value and improve service quality to achieve customer satisfaction and be more competitive has become the first priority of all airlines. Due to the highly customer contact features, the airline industry has slowly transferred into service industry from transportation industry. This study is focused on what kind of service failures would be in the cabin and the service recoveries which the target airline suggested. The study is mainly based on Critical Incident Technique(CIT), and academic research as auxiliaries, collecting 130 critical incidents since January 2008 to May 2013 from target airline’s customer complaint cases and its suggested solutions. After classifying service failures and service recoveries, the study analyzes service failures in cabin and common make-up solutions of the target airline. In the end, according to the research results, the study proposes several managing suggestions as references to the airline industry.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T14:31:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Eduarda de Lima Menezes.pdf: 12389616 bytes, checksum: be96a3e99b452c248c795226c08e739c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This study focuses on researching the possibilities and limits of student authorship promoted through the use of digital Communication and Information Technologies (CIT) and of digital media. The investigation also analyzes the role of these tools in contributing for the development of student authorship in the educational process at one selected school. The purpose of this study resides in the relevance of the theme today since communication, production, use and sharing of information are increasingly more present in social and virtual relationships. Furthermore, there are few studies about the topic, and even fewer which analyze student authorship through the use of digital media and CIT. The context of study is a private school in the city of Sao Paulo, which has been developing practices with digital CIT for over 10 years. One of such practices is the workshop about production of multimedia news content, which is offered from 7th graders to the senior year of high school. This is a qualitative study that used focus group protocol involving eight students and the teaching team, which included the teacher, the school principal and two journalists, besides the application of a questionnaire with the students and a documental analysis based on the workshop planning and the students blog. Results showed that students exert their authorship with responsibility and awareness, with the help of teachers mediation. During the process of creation and content production, students exert their authorship both individually and collectively, which allows for collaboration and interaction among them. They frequently resort to digital media and CIT to express their ideas through a number of different languages, and for the creation of news stories - which requires the development of creativity, autonomy and a critical view from their participants. Hence, students are no longer consumers: they start to be the producers of information which is shared in the knowledge network of the digital culture. It also shows that exercising authorship is the type of practice that contributes to build knowledge with the students in an active and engaged manner and presents viewpoints that enhance the integration of digital media and CIT in the educational process / O presente estudo tem por objetivo investigar as possibilidades e os limites da autoria de alunos com o uso das Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação (TDIC) e das mídias digitais e analisar como estas podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento da autoria pelos alunos no processo educativo da escola investigada. Apresenta, como justificativa, a importância do tema na realidade atual, em que a comunicação, a produção, o uso e o compartilhamento de informações estão cada vez mais presentes nas relações sociais e virtuais. Além do mais, são poucas as produções acadêmicas sobre o tema, principalmente quando se referem à autoria dos alunos com o uso das TDIC e das mídias digitais. O contexto da investigação é uma escola privada da cidade de São Paulo, que, há mais de 10 anos, desenvolve práticas com o uso das TDIC, entre as quais a Oficina de produção de conteúdo multimídia com caráter jornalístico, oferecida aos alunos que cursam da 7º série do Ensino Fundamental II até o 3º ano do Ensino Médio. O estudo de cunho qualitativo utilizou a técnica de grupo focal com oito alunos e com a equipe docente, composta pela professora, coordenadora e dois jornalistas, além da aplicação de um questionário para os alunos e uma análise documental, composta pelos roteiros da Oficina e o blog produzido pelos alunos. A pesquisa apresentou como resultados, que os alunos exercem sua autoria de forma consciente e responsável, sob mediação dos professores. Durante o processo de criação e produção dos conteúdos, os alunos exercem a autoria de forma individual e coletiva, o que permite a colaboração e a interação entre os alunos. Utilizam com frequência as TDIC e as mídias digitais para expressarem suas ideias por meio das diferentes linguagens e para criação das matérias jornalísticas produzidas, que exigem o desenvolvimento da criatividade, da autonomia e de um olhar crítico de seus participantes. Desta forma, os alunos deixam de ser consumidores e passam a ser produtores de informação, que é compartilhada na rede de conhecimento da cultura digital. Além disso, o exercício da autoria mostra-se como uma prática que contribui para a construção de conhecimento dos alunos, de forma ativa e participante e apresenta perspectivas que potencializam a integração das TDIC e das mídias digitais no processo educativo.

The aim of this Master’s thesis is to investigate if the library can be a real partner for researchers in managing and dealing with their research information. In this study, six researchers have been interviewed about their problems with information management. This study uses the method Critical Incident Technique for the interviews with the researchers. This method focuses mainly on problems and what happens around those problems. The interview results have been prepared with automatic clustering and analysed with the help of a theoretical model from Minnesota University Library. This is a model of the scholarly research process described in four overlapping areas: 1) Discover, 2) Gather, 3) Create and 4) Share. The studies result gives that there seems to be no problem with accessing full text information, the problem is rather narrowing down the search to get enough time to read it all. The researchers do not find any search skills in the library that match their own search skills. On the question if the library works well as a partner, the answer in this study is no. The researchers do not see the library as a partner in working with research information, but only as a supplier of documents. When they need assistance, they turn to colleagues, students, email, and as a last resort, the library.

With the increasing amount of police calls involving persons experiencing a mental health crisis (PICs), agencies are looking for ways to reduce the overuse of emergency services and criminal confinement. Police-mental health collaborative (PMHC) programs were developed to utilize the expertise of both mental health and law enforcement practitioners to provide immediate linkage to psychiatric services in an effort to prevent unnecessary involvement in the criminal justice system. The theoretical framework for this study was built on the sequential intercept model (SIM) along with the theories of social network and social support. The SIM identifies 5 key points where PICs can be diverted away from the criminal justice system. PMHC programs fall within the first intercept where persons with mental illness can be diverted at their first initial contact with law enforcement. Limited empirical research exists that show PMHC programs are reaching their intended objectives. The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine the effect of PMHC services on the likelihood that PICs will have future mental health calls (MHCs), arrests, and emergency hospitalizations (EHPs). Archival data from 1 midwestern police agency and online public court records was used in the analysis. The study employed OLS and logistic regression techniques, which revealed no statistically significant relationships between the PMHC interventions and the likelihood of future MHCs, arrests, and EHPs. However, significance was achieved for several covariates including transient status, prior history of MHCs, arrests, and EHPs. These findings will contribute to positive social change by informing policymakers and practitioners on best practices in community mental health crisis response.

South Africa since the liberation in 1994 has faced a lot of changes. The changes include being a member of the international community. As part of the international community, South Africa is finding itself largely faced by the challenges associated with this position. Looking at other countries South Africa is realizing that the world is looking at better ways of educating their people and organizing their education and training systems so that they might gain the edge in an increasingly competitive economic global environment. Success and survival in such a world demands that South Africa has a national education and training system that provides quality learning and promotes the development of a nation that is committed to life-long learning. Institutions of higher education in South Africa are currently changing their present education system to conform to a Competency-Based Training (CBT) system. This system has only been planned but not implemented yet and it is not clear how CBT will be implemented, especially how the learners are going to be assessed. Competency-Based Assessment (CBA) is an integral part of CBT that needs particular attention if the new system is to succeed. The key aims of this thesis are to investigate the current assessment policy and practice at the Canberra Institute of Technology (CIT) underpinned by Competency- Based Training system. The project will describe and analyze the Competency-Based Assessment system used within CIT's CBT system. The project will focus on: Observing classroom practice of CBA, analyzing students' and teachers' perceptions of their involvement with CBA, and analyzing employers' perceptions of the effectiveness of CBA. The main aim of this thesis is to suggest recommendations for an assessment model that will be suitable to implement within hospitality training institutions in South Africa.

The cylindrical ion trap (CIT) is made up of two planar endcap electrodes and a cylindrical ring electrode. The investigation of simpler geometries like CIT has been started off in recent years with a view towards miniaturization. As a step towards this, numerical studies on CITs were carried out in our laboratory. Here in this study, our motive is to characterize a CIT through experiments. We have designed a mass spectrometer where a CIT is used as the mass analyzer. The trap performance was observed by varying six parameters associated with our experiment. The parameters are (1) the ionization voltage, (2) the ramp time, (3) the ionization time, (4) the cooling time, (5) the dead time and (6) the bias voltage applied across the filaments. All the experiments have been performed in the mass selective boundary ejection mode.

Background: Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with dopamine transporter (DAT) and dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) ligands can visualise the integrity of the nigrostriatal dopamine system. Parkinson’s disease (PD) and the atypical parkinsonian diseases (APD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and multiple system atrophy (MSA), have similar symptoms and dopamine depletion, but differ in pharmacological response and prognosis. Clinical differentiation between PD and APD is often difficult in the early stages. The aims of the thesis were to evaluate the differential diagnostic and prognostic value of SPECT in early PD, MSA and PSP, to map the pattern of progression with dopamine SPECT, and map the pattern of dopamine SPECT in non-affected elderly volunteers with a prospective approach. Also, we evaluated the methodological aspects of dopamine SPECT with respect to image evaluation tools, reconstruction parameters and gamma cameras. Methods: 172 patients, included in an on-going clinical prospective study on idiopathic parkinsonism, participated in the SPECT study. Also, 31 age-matched healthy controls (HC) were followed within this study. SPECT was done with 123I-FP-Cit (DAT SPECT) and 123I-IBZM (D2R SPECT). Regions of interest (ROI) were used as a standard method for semi-quantitative image analysis. Results: SPECT uptake ratios from different gamma cameras could be equalised through correction equations derived from images of a brain-like phantom, provided that attenuation correction was applied. The ROI method had high reproducibility. SPECT uptake  in HC, measured with the ROI method and a volume based (VOI) method rendered similar trends, but gender and age differences in SPECT uptake were more marked with the VOI method, and less pronounced in DAT SPECT compared to D2R SPECT with both methods. The DAT SPECT uptake was significantly reduced in very early disease stage of PD and APD compared to HC. DATSPECT uptake was more reduced in PD with postural and gait disturbance (PIGD) compared to tremor-dominant PD. Decline in DAT SPECT uptake during the first year was more pronounced in PD and PSP compared to HC. D2R SPECT uptake overlapped between untreated PD and APD. After initiated treatment, the D2R SPECT uptake was significantly higher in MSA patients compared to PD, PSP and HC. Decline in D2R SPECT uptake during the first year was not significantly different between patients or compared to HC. Conclusions: 123I-FP-Cit SPECT is a valuable and sensitive method to detect early stage idiopathic parkinsonism. A different level of uptake between PIGD-PD compared to TD-PD indicates a prognostic potential. It is not possible to differ between PD, MSA and PSP in early stage with 123I-FP-Cit SPECT and no differential diagnostic value was found using 123I-IBZM SPECT in the early, untreated stage of PD, MSA and PSP. A different pattern of uptake of this ligand in MSA compared to PD and PSP during the first years of L-dopa treatment may, however, indicate a diagnostic value during the follow-up period.

Evolutionary innovations often arise from complex genetic and ecological interactions, which can make it challenging to understand retrospectively how a novel trait arose. In a long-term experiment, Escherichia coli gained the ability (Cit⁺ ) to utilize abundant citrate in the growth medium after ~31,500 generations of evolution. Exploiting this previously untapped resource was highly beneficial: later Cit⁺ variants achieve a much higher population density in this environment. All Cit⁺ individuals share a mutation that activates aerobic expression of the citT citrate:C₄-dicarboxylate antiporter, but this mutation confers only an extremely weak Cit⁺ phenotype on its own. To determine which of the other >70 mutations in early Cit⁺ clones were needed to take full advantage of citrate, we developed a Recursive Genome-Wide Recombination and Sequencing (REGRES) method and performed genetic backcrosses to purge mutations not required for Cit⁺ from an evolved strain. We discovered a mutation that increased expression of the dctA C₄-dicarboxylate transporter greatly enhanced the Cit⁺ phenotype after it evolved, implicating the intracellular supply of succinate or other C₄-dicarboxylates to be a critical factor for the expression of the phenotype. The activity level of citrate synthase (CS), encoded by the gltA gene, was also found to be important for Cit⁺. A mutation to gltA (gltA1) occurred before the evolution of Cit⁺ and led to an increase in CS activity by diminishing allosteric inhibition by NADH. This mutation was found to be deleterious for high-level citrate utilization, a situation that was remedied shortly after the evolution of Cit⁺ by the evolution of compensatory mutations to gltA which decreased CS activity. We speculate that the gltA1 mutation may have been important to 'potentiate' the evolution of a weak Cit⁺ phenotype by increasing succinate production via an upregulated glyoxylate pathway but that as cells became able to import succinate by virtue of the dctA mutation that this pathway became maladaptive, prompting this evolutionary reversal. Overall, our characterization of this metabolic innovation highlights the degree to which interactions between alleles shape the evolution of complex traits and emphasizes the need for novel whole-genome methods to explore such relationships.

Thin film solar cells of Copper Indium Telluride and Cadmium Sulfide junctions were fabricated on plain ITO glass slides and also on those coated with intrinsic Tin Oxide. CdS was deposited through chemical bath deposition and CIT by electrodeposition. Both compounds were subjected to annealing at temperatures between 350°C and 500°C which produced more uniform film thicknesses and larger grain sizes. The CIT/ CdS junction was characterized after performing XRD and spectral absorption of individual compounds. Studies were also made on CdS / CdTe solar cells with respect to effect of annealing temperatures on open circuit voltages. NP acid etch, the most important process to make the surface of CdTe tellurium rich, was also studied in terms of open circuit voltages. Thermally evaporated CdS of four different thicknesses was deposited on Tin Oxide coated ITO and inferences were drawn as to what thickness of CdS yields better results.