Le recours collectif est un moyen de procédure qui permet à une personne d'agir en demande pour le compte des membres d'un groupe dont elle fait partie. Cette procédure peut être introduite contre plus qu'un seul défendeur. On distingue deux types de recours collectifs contre plusieurs défendeurs. Il y a d'abord les recours collectifs où tous les membres du groupe ont un recours personnel contre tous les défendeurs. Il y a aussi les recours collectifs où les membres du groupe font valoir une même cause d'action à l'encontre de plusieurs défendeurs qui auraient eu un comportement fautif similaire à l'égard de l'un ou l'autre des membres du groupe. La recevabilité de ce dernier type de recours collectifs a été remise en question. Le requérant n'aurait pas l'intérêt suffisant pour ester en justice contre les défendeurs qui ne lui ont pas causé préjudice. Il ne saurait non plus satisfaire aux exigences du Code de procédure civile concernant l'autorisation du recours collectif. Or, il appert des règles mises en place en matière de recours collectif que le requérant fait valoir non seulement ses propres droits personnels, mais aussi tous ceux des membres du groupe. Ainsi, on ne peut lui reprocher l'absence d'intérêt juridique ou de cause d'action dans la mesure où il y a, pour chacun des défendeurs, au moins un membre du groupe avec un intérêt suffisant ou une cause d'action à son encontre. Les autres exigences du Code de procédure civile ne font pas, en soi, obstacle à l'autorisation d'un recours collectif contre plusieurs défendeurs. / A class action is a procedure which enables one person to sue without a mandate on behalf of aU members of a group of which he or she is a member. This procedure can be used to sue more than just one defendant. There are two different types of class actions against multiple defendants. In the frrst type, aU members have a cause of action against all defendants. There are also class actions where aU members plead an identical cause of action against multiple defendants whom wrongfuUy and similarly acted toward one of the members. The admissibility of this latter type of class actions against multiple defendants has been questioned. The petitioner would not have a sufficient legal interest to bring an action against the defendants whom did not cause him or her any prejudice. He or she would not be able to satisfy the requirements of the Code of civil procedure regarding class actions. However, it appears from the mIes that govem class actions that the petitioner pleads not only his or her personal cause of action, but also pleads the cause of action of aU group members. Thus, the petitioner cannot be reproached for not having a legal interest or a cause of action against aU defendants insofar that there is, for each defendant, at least one member of the group whom has a legal interest or a cause of action against him or her. The other requirements of the Code ofcivil procedure do not bar the authorization to institute a class action against multiple defendants.

This thesis titled "The notary and civil procedure" deals with the role of notaries in the legal order of the Czech Republic. Notaries public have a long historical tradition in our country, even though the organization of their profession has changed over the years. General awareness of their profession, which is considered to be very conservative, is not too widespread. It was also one of the reasons, why I chose thesis topic from this field. The aim of this work is to analyze the activities of notary, which are related to the civil procedural law and civil process, characterize the principles, which are typical for him and to clarify the position in which is the notary public while conducting each task. This thesis is divided into five chapters. First of them, except a brief history, explains basic concepts such as notary and notary office. This is followed by a description of the fundamental notary principles, assumptions for the appointment and organization of their profession. In the first half of the second chapter are summarized all activities of notaries in the Czech Republic under the current Law on Notaries. The civil process is defined in the rest of the chapter; it connects with the role of the notary to form a logical basis for the following three chapters describing the specific activities....

Following changes to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure in 2006 dealing with the role of Electronically Stored Information, digital forensics is becoming necessary to the discovery process in civil litigation. The development of case law interpreting the rule changes since their enactment defines how digital forensics can be applied to the discovery process, the scope of discovery, and the duties imposed on parties. Herein, pertinent cases are examined to determine what trends exist and how they effect the field. These observations buttress case studies involving discovery failures in large corporate contexts along with insights on the technical reasons those discovery failures occurred and continue to occur. The state of the art in the legal industry for handling Electronically Stored Information is slow, inefficient, and extremely expensive. These failings exacerbate discovery failures by making the discovery process more burdensome than necessary. In addressing this problem, weaknesses of existing approaches are identified, and new tools are presented which cure these defects. By drawing on open source libraries, components, and other support the presented tools exceed the performance of existing solutions by between one and two orders of magnitude. The transparent standards embodied in the open source movement allow for clearer defensibility of discovery practice sufficiency whereas existing approaches entail difficult to verify closed source solutions. Legacy industry practices in numbering documents based on Bates numbers inhibit efficient parallel and distributed processing of electronic data into paginated forms. The failures inherent in legacy numbering systems is identified, and a new system is provided which eliminates these inhibiters while simultaneously better modeling the nature of electronic data which does not lend itself to pagination; such non-paginated data includes databases and other file types which are machine readable, but not human readable in format. In toto, this dissertation provides a broad treatment of digital forensics applied to electronic discovery, an analysis of current failures in the industry, and a suite of tools which address the weaknesses, problems, and failures identified.

O tema desta dissertação é \"o direito fundamental à tutela jurisdicional\" e seu objetivo e determinar qual o seu significado jurídico, estabelecendo: (i) a sua fundamentação constitucional; (ii) a sua estrutura normativa e (iii) o seu conteúdo, a partir dos conceitos analíticos da teoria dos direitos fundamentais de Robert Alexy. A partir dessa análise, o direito fundamental à tutela jurisdicional é definido como um direito adscrito ao texto do inciso XXXV, do artigo 5°, da Constituição Federal; com a estrutura normativa de um princípio; e classificado funcionalmente como um direito prestacional à efetiva realização por meio do processo do direito material lesionado. Uma vez que o conteúdo definitivo de tal direito só pode ser determinado no caso concreto por meio da utilização da regra da proporcionalidade, com o objetivo de demonstrar o modelo proposto, é desenvolvida a análise de três casos concretos: (a) a constitucionalidade da Lei de Arbitragem; (b) a constitucionalidade da limitação à concessão de tutela antecipada contra a Fazenda Pública; e (c) a constitucionalidade da proibição da utilização de ação civil pública em matéria previdenciária e tributária / The subject o this master thesis is the \"constitutional right of adjudication\". Its objective is to define the meaning of this right by establishing its: (i) constitutional basis; (ii) normative structure; and (iii) content, by utilizing the analytical concepts of Robert Alexy\'s theory of constitutional rights. Based on this analysis, the constitutional right of adjudication is defined as a right derived from the text of article 5th, XXXV, of the Brazilian Constitution; with the normative structure of a principle; and classified as a right to state actions aimed to the effective realization through civil procedure of one\'s right. Since the definitive content of this constitutional right can only be determined in concrete by the utilization of the rule of proportionality, so as to demonstrate utilization of the proposed model, three concrete cases are analyzed: (a) the constitutionality of arbitration law; (b) the constitutionality of the limitation to the concession of injunctions against the public treasury; and (c) the constitutionality of the prohibition to utilize class actions in the subject of social security and tax law.

O escopo deste trabalho é analisar a tutela jurisdicional diferenciada, suas caracteríticas, limitações e utilizá-la como uma das soluções para a morosidade do Poder Judiciário. Para isso, investigaremos o próprio conceito de tutela jurisdicional, fazendo uma análise histórica e chegando ao conceito atual. Após, estudaremos cada um dos tipos específicos de tutela jurisdicional diferenciada, examinando suas peculiaridades e problemática. Nesse capítulo estudaremos a tutela cautelar, antecipada e a de evidência (grande novidade incluída no projeto do novo Código de Processo Civil). Também estudaremos outras medidas de cognição sumária, apesar de esses outros tipos não apresentarem qualquer problema para se estabilizarem. No capítulo 3 trataremos das características específicas da tutela jurisdicional diferenciada, principalmente da sumariedade na cognição, requisito essencial para esse tipo de tutela. Em seguida, serão examinados os princípios constitucionais-processuais, como o devido processo legal e o princípio da igualdade e de como achar um equilíbrio entre a eficiência exigida pelo Estado e a duração razoável do processo, dever do Poder Judiciário e garantia dos jurisdicionados. A questão da coisa julgada, da sucumbência e da fundamentação da decisão serão trabalhadas no capítulo 5. Pretendemos demonstrar nesse capítulo de como é possível outorgar força de coisa julgada para as decisões de cognição sumária, e não apenas a preclusão endoprocessual como prevista no projeto de novo Código de Processo Civil. Por fim, analisamos as propostas legislativas já apresentadas pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Direito Processual e o projeto de novo Código de Processo Civil. Ao longo do trabalho foram analisados a doutrina nacional e estudos de outros países, investigados a aceitação desses institutos e a recepção pelo Poder Judiciário, pelos advogados e pelos jurisdicionados. / The scope of this work is to analyze the non-ordinary court protection, their characters, and limitations and to find a way to use it as one of the solutions to the slow pace of the Judiciary branch. For this, we investigate the concept of court protection, making an historical analysis up to the present concept. After this, we study each of the specific types of non-ordinary court protection, examining their peculiarities and their problems. In this chapter we study provisional proceedings, evidence court protection (a new institute included in the project Code of Civil Procedure). We also study other non-ordinary proceedings. In chapter 3 we study the specific characteristics of the non-ordinary court protection, mostly the summary cognition, an essential requirement. Furthermore, we analyze the constitutional procedural principles, like due process of law, the principle of equality; and find a balance between efficiency and reasonable length of the proceedings, which is duty of the Judiciary branch and a guarantee of the population. We also analyze the res judicata, loss of suit and opinion in chapter 5. In this chapter, we want to demonstrate the possibility of granting res judicata to non-ordinary court protection and not only to the preclusion of the process. Ultimately, we analyze the legal proposes already presented by Instituto Brasileiro de Direito Processual and the project of a new Code of Civil Procedure. In this work, we also study national doctrine and foreign legal writing. We investigate these new institutes, mostly the evidence court protection and the reception by the Judiciary branch, both from lawyers and the population.

O presente estudo pretende identificar os limites à iniciativa probatória do juiz, partindo da análise de aspectos relacionados à estruturação do processo, cognição, persecução da verdade e provas, para, posteriormente, proceder à indicação dos limites específicos que devem ser observados pelo julgador quando da determinação de produção de provas sem o requerimento da parte. Com isso, pretende-se examinar a iniciativa probatória de ofício sob a perspectiva das restrições impostas pela sistemática processual à atuação do juiz, de modo a se realizar uma classificação dos limites em função de diferentes critérios, dentre os quais se enquadra a possibilidade ou não de serem relativizados, e as consequências advindas do seu desrespeito, por parte do julgador. / This study intends to identify the limits of the judge\'s probative initiative, based on the analysis of certain aspects of proceeding, cognition, pursuit of truth and evidence, in order to point the specific limitations that must be obeyed, whenever he decides to look for evidences that were not required by parties. Thus, the present paper aims at examining the judges\'s probative initiative from the perspective of the restrictions that emerge from the procedural system, so as to sort them, among other criteria, by their aptitude of being or not surpassed by the judge\'s decisions. Finally, this paper tries to analyze the consequences of the disrespect of such limits.

University of Macau / Faculty of Law

Submitted by Elba Lopes (elba.lopes@fecap.br) on 2016-04-12T22:21:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Pedro_Borborema_de_Araujo.pdf: 1384030 bytes, checksum: fb4ef32f4e8484d647bc2ba97fe6fd3b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-12T22:21:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Pedro_Borborema_de_Araujo.pdf: 1384030 bytes, checksum: fb4ef32f4e8484d647bc2ba97fe6fd3b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-28 / Mergers and acquisitions have their origins between the end of the XVIII century and the beginning of XIX century, passing through cyclical period. They are markedly recognized as strategic ways used for the growth of companies. This paper was developed under the Resource-Based View theory and, from it, we analyzed how the phenomenon of mergers and acquisitions is used by the companies for improvement of process or increase of its resource base and generation of competitive advantages. The objective of this paper was to analyze, under the Resource-Based View, how a process of acquisition makes the creation of competitive advantages possible through the access to great amount of resources for the studied company. As specific objectives, this paper seeks to identify the company resource base gains to the acquired company from the acquisition process; it also describes if it occurs an increment of the competitive advantage from the acquisition and broadens the theory of mergers and acquisitions enlightening a successful case study and allowing other companies to be based on at least parts of it. In order to reach these objectives, a qualitative research was carried, as an exploratory experiment, having Liquig??s Distribuidora S.A case study, company which was acquired by the Petrobras Distribuidora S. A., to confirm the generation of competitive advantage based on theories of mergers and acquisitions and the resource-based view. The study was based on primary and secondary data. The primary data was obtained from interviews realized with managers of the company, specially oriented to those who experienced the acquisition and post-acquisition period. These interviews were developed over a semi-structured script. The secondary data was got from many different publications like company???s web site, news from specialized media and public data as accounting balance e any other data that can be published by the force of the law 6.404/1976 or Lei das Sociedades por A????es. As results, this paper identified that the acquisition of Liquig??s Distribuidora S.A. by Petrobras Distribuidora S.A. brought an increase of its resource base and, as consequence, the generation of sustained competitive advantages. / Fus??es e aquisi????es t??m sua origem identificada entre o final do s??culo XVIII e o in??cio do s??culo XIX, passando por per??odos c??clicos ou ondas. S??o notoriamente reconhecidos meios estrat??gicos utilizados como forma de crescimento para as empresas. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido sob a ??tica da Vis??o Baseada em Recursos (RBV) e, partindo desta teoria, foi analisado como o fen??meno de Fus??es e Aquisi????es (F&A), como um meio pelo qual uma empresa faz uso deste processo para a melhora ou amplia????o da sua base de recursos e gera????o de vantagem competitiva. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar, sob a ??tica da Vis??o Baseada em Recursos, como um processo de aquisi????o possibilitou a cria????o de vantagens competitivas, atrav??s do acesso a uma maior quantidade de recursos para a empresa estudada. Como objetivos espec??ficos, o estudo busca identifcar quais os ganhos na base de recursos de uma empresa a partir de um processo de aquisi????o, para a empresa adquirida; descrever se ocorre um incremento da vantagem competitiva a partir de um processo de aquisi????o; e ampliar a teoria sobre Fus??es e Aquisi????es, ilustrando um caso considerado bem-sucedido, permitindo assim que outras firmas possam basear-se ao menos em parte. Para atingir esses objetivos foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, de car??ter explorat??rio, com a realiza????o de um estudo de caso sobre o processo de aquisi????o da Liquig??s Distribuidora S.A pela Petrobras Distribuidora S.A., buscando constatar a gera????o de vantagem competitiva sob a ??tica de teorias sobre Fus??es e Aquisi????es e da Vis??o Baseada em Recursos. O estudo utilizou-se de dados prim??rios e secund??rios. Os dados prim??rios foram obtidos a partir de entrevistas realizadas com os gestores da companhia, direcionadas ??queles que vivenciaram o per??odo de aquisi????o e p??s-aquisi????o. Estas entrevistas foram desenvolvidas sobre um roteiro semiestruturado. Os dados secund??rios foram obtidos atrav??s de publica????es diversas, como a p??gina de internet da companhia, not??cias de m??dia especializada e dados p??blicos, como o balan??o cont??bil da companhia e demais que possam ser publicados por for??a da lei 6.404/1976 ou Lei das Sociedades por A????es. Como resultado, este trabalho identificou que a aquisi????o da Liquig??s Distribuidora S. A pela Petrobras Distribuidora trouxe uma amplia????o em sua base de recursos e, como consequ??ncia, a gera????o de vantagens competitivas sustent??veis.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-04-24T12:28:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Leandro Lopes Genaro.pdf: 2248401 bytes, checksum: 04dde4ea1835e542a4fbe71fda42500f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-24T12:28:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leandro Lopes Genaro.pdf: 2248401 bytes, checksum: 04dde4ea1835e542a4fbe71fda42500f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-14 / The dissertation analysis the new procedures involving preliminary injunctions arising from the Civil Procedure Code of 2015, and its implications in tax matters, by means of tracing its historical evolution, concept and characteristics in the new Code. In addition, the dissertation analysis the use, by tax payers, of preliminary injunctions against the Public Treasury and Tax Authorities, its limitations and reflexes in concrete cases / A dissertação analisa a nova sistemática das tutelas provisórias decorrentes do Código de Processo Civil de 2015 e as suas implicações nas discussões judiciais envolvendo matéria tributária, analisando a evolução das tutelas provisórias, seu conceito e definição e as disposições trazidas pelo atual Codex processual, bem como a aplicação deste instrumento processual em face da Fazenda Pública, as limitações existentes e seus reflexos nas ações ajuizadas pelos Contribuintes para questionar matéria tributária, analisando situações concretas vivenciada no Poder Judiciário

Submitted by Marlene Aparecida de Souza Cardozo (mcardozo@pucsp.br) on 2018-06-13T12:27:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Vitor Moreira da Fonsêca.pdf: 2144742 bytes, checksum: 0670c2dbce362eb52a0156f4b3bdb2e9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-13T12:27:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vitor Moreira da Fonsêca.pdf: 2144742 bytes, checksum: 0670c2dbce362eb52a0156f4b3bdb2e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-13 / Despite the importance of the conventionality control by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, little is known about the relation between civil procedure and human rights. This study shows how the conventionality control may affect civil procedure. It analyzes the case-law of the Inter-American Court about the articles 8 (right to a fair trial) and 25 (right to judicial protection) of the American Convention on Human Rights and how it applies to civil procedure. Based on the most important cases of the Inter-American Court, it proposes a type of conventionality control in Brazilian civil procedure. In the end, the final chapter discusses some impacts of the results in Brazil / Apesar da importância do controle de convencionalidade exercido pela Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, pouco se sabe sobre a relação entre o processo civil e os direitos humanos. Este trabalho mostra como o controle de convencionalidade pode afetar o processo civil brasileiro. O estudo analisa a jurisprudência da Corte Interamericana sobre os arts. 8º (garantias judiciais) e 25 (proteção judicial) da Convenção Americana sobre Direitos Humanos e como se aplicam ao processo civil. Com fundamento nos mais importantes casos da Corte Interamericana, o estudo propõe um modelo de controle de convencionalidade no processo civil brasileiro. Por fim, o capítulo final discute alguns impactos dos resultados no Brasil