Esta pesquisa tem como foco a investigação das formas de expressão dos grupos familiares a partir dos espaços da morte da pólis ateniense no período inscrito entre aproximadamente 430 e o final do século IV a.C. Definido em função de um conjunto de mudanças significativas no conjunto arqueológico de contexto funerário no referido intervalo, o recorte cronológico adotado segue, portanto, as pistas de fenômenos da cultura material profundamente interligados e que nos sugerem uma forma peculiar dos grupos familiares se apresentarem e serem vistos nestes espaços. De fato, o desenvolvimento progressivo de novas formas de enterrar, de estruturas tumulares tipicamente clássicas e o surgimento de uma nova série de monumentos funerários com um repertório iconográfico tão original quanto padronizado, constituíram as bases para um estudo da categoria histórica ‘família’ (para aplicarmos um termo genérico, embora desconhecido na cultura clássica helênica em questão, senão como múltiplos termos e conceituações). Partindo majoritariamente de uma documentação de natureza arqueológica, procuramos, no decorrer do trabalho, identificar os principais conceitos e valores produzidos ao longo da trajetória de uso dos espaços funerários pelas famílias e como estes significados resultantes da intervenção direta em tais espaços remetem à dinâmica de reprodução dos próprios grupos e podem ser compreendidos à luz da conjuntura histórica de Atenas do século IV, principalmente. / The research that follows is focused on the investigation of the ways in which family groups expressed themselves within the funerary contexts of the Athenian polis from about 430 to the end of the fourth century. Defined by a set of remarkable changes registered in the archaeological material precisely in this period, the chronological span adopted follows thus the hints of material culture phenomena, all of them deeply interwined, suggesting that the family groups came up with a particular way of exposing themselves to social gazes. As a matter of fact, the development of new ways of burying, the equally new typical Attic tomb structures, as well as a freshly arising series of funerary monuments with new imagery (original and standardized at the same time) set the framework for the study of the historical category so-called ‘family’ by contemporary scholarship. We have chosen a set of archaeological evidences as a starting point so that it might help us to identify the main concepts and values created and performed by the families. We are interested in clarifying how the intervention of families in these spaces can lead us to the dynamic of its own reproduction and ultimately may be articulated to the fourth-century Athens and its particular historical moment.

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Cette thèse étudie les modes d'organisation et de financement des concours (agônes) de la cité d'Athènes aux époques hellénistique et impériale (de ca. 320 av. J.-C. jusqu'au milieu du IIIe siècle ap. J.-C.). Elle propose un corpus rassemblant toutes les sources, majoritairement épigraphiques, systématiquement traduites et commentées (Volume I), une synthèse historique et analytique sur la question (Volume II), des annexes et illustrations (Volume III).L'étude porte d'abord sur les formules institutionnelles retenues par les Athéniens pour encadrer l'organisation des concours théâtraux, musicaux et gymniques. Elle est consacrée au premier chef à l'agonothésie, charge civique créée au début de l'époque hellénistique et qui se maintint jusque sous l'Empire. Nous avons défini et établi le domaine de compétence et d'action des agonothètes athéniens, ainsi que leurs évolutions, en étant attentif à la périodisation propre à l'histoire de cette fonction comme à celle de la cité. L'athlothésie, magistrature spécifique aux Panathénées et maintenue à l'époque hellénistique, ainsi que la chorégie, réapparue au Ier siècle ap. J.-C., moins bien attestées, font l'objet de la même enquête. Les tâches liées à ces charges, souvent sous-estimées, entraînaient en fait une implication personnelle importante de la part des titulaires.Un examen attentif de la question montre que, contrairement à l'idée généralement admise, le financement des concours ne reposaient pas exclusivement sur la générosité des agonothètes. Au moins jusqu'au début de l'époque impériale, la cité devait fournir l'essentiel des sommes nécessaires. Enfin, une étude d'histoire sociale s'intéresse à l'identité et au milieu des agonothètes, à la place de l'agonothésie dans la carrière d'un citoyen, ainsi qu'à la façon dont leurs concitoyens appréciaient l'exercice de cette charge ; elle apportait à celui qui l'exerçait une popularité certaine, et souvent l'octroi d'honneurs publics.Cette thèse offre une monographie sur l'organisation des concours athéniens pendant six siècles, ce qui permet d'apprécier ses évolutions sur le temps long, dans un espace géographique et politique cohérent. Elle montre l'importance des enjeux entourant la vie agonistique de la cité d'Athènes, qu'ils soient d'ordre institutionnel, culturel, économique ou politique. / This doctoral thesis examines the modalities of organizing and financing the contests (agônes) taking place in the city of Athens in Hellenistic and Imperial periods (from 320 BC until the middle of the 3rd century AD). It consists of a comprehensive corpus gathering all the available evidence (mostly inscriptions), with a French translation and a specific commentary (Volume I) ; a historical and analytic synthesis on the topic as a whole (Volume II) ; and appendixes and illustrations (Volume III).This study first aims at a definition of the institutions Athenians chose to create at the head of the civic contests. It mostly deals with agonothesia, a civic office created at the beginning of the Hellenistic period and was maintained until the Roman Empire. We have defined the fields of expertise and of actions of the Athenian agonothetes and their evolutions, paying a specific attention to both the history of this office and of the city. A similar inquiry has been carried on about athlothesia, a magistracy concerned only with Panathenaia, and choregia, which was recreated in the 1st century AD (both of them being well less known than agonothesia). The tasks implied by these offices, often overlooked, reveal a very important personal involvement from the office-holders.Contrary to what is generally assumed, the agonothetes did not fund the contests exclusively from their own pockets, as a close examination shows. At least until the Imperial period, the city continued to provide most of the money needed. Finally, a social study investigates on who were the Athenian agonothetes and which milieu they were coming from ; it scrutinizes the importance of agonothesia in a public career, and the perception of this office by the average fellow-citizens. Agonothesia usually brought popularity to its holder, and quite often motivated public honors from the city.This thesis is a monography on the organization of Athenian games throughout six centuries, which allows a study on the long term, in a coherent space, geographically and politically. It shows the importance of the agonistic life in Athens, notably from institutionnal, cultural, economical and political points of view.

Cette thèse de doctorat envisage l’histoire des relations entre Athènes et les Cyclades au cours de l’époque classique, des Guerres médiques à l’Indépendance délienne. L’impérialisme athénien est ici étudié dans une perspective nouvelle, inspirée des subaltern studies : la manière dont les Insulaires ont vécu, compris, perçu et, en définitive, réagi face à la domination athénienne est au cœur de cet ouvrage. Cette étude contribue à modifier notre perception de l’impérialisme athénien, jusque-là trop souvent compris dans ses seules ramifications coercitives. Renverser la focale, c’est redonner aux dominés le rôle actif qu’ils ont eu à l’époque classique : les Insulaires, privés des moyens pour lutter contre l’envahissante hégémonie athénienne, l’ont acceptée, profitant des bienfaits que la pax Atheniensis leur apportait. Ce travail offre aussi l’histoire de la création d’un nouvel espace, dont les habitants affirment leur identité commune face à la domination d’Athènes : les “îles” deviennent, aux yeux des Athéniens et des Insulaires de l’époque classique, les Cyclades. / This PhD thesis reveals the story of the relationship between Athens and the Cyclades during the Classical era, from the Persian Wars to the period of Delian Independence. Athenian Imperialism is questioned here from a new perspective, inspired by subaltern studies. Central to this book is the way the Islanders lived under Athenian domination: how they understood and perceived it and, ultimately, how they reacted to it. This study helps change our understanding of Athenian power, which until now has only ever been understood in terms of its coercive ways. Switching the focus is to restore an active role to the subalterns: with no means of resisting the intrusive Athenian hegemony, the Islanders accepted it and enjoyed the benefits of the pax Atheniensis. This work also offers the story of the creation of a new place, in which inhabitants assert their common identity under Athenian domination. In the minds of Athenians and islanders alike, the islands come to be known as the Cyclades.

Matěj Novotný - Impiety in Classical Athens Abstract The thesis discusses the definition and prosecution of impiety in democratic Athens during the Classical period, i.e. in 5th-4th centuries BCE. The question of "impiety" in the narrower sense, i.e. of what was denoted by the Greek word ἀσέβεια (literally, "the absence/negation of respect"), is set into larger context of other crimes of religious character, covered by special laws: "sacrilege" (ἱεροσυλία), digging out sacred olive-trees, offences against festivals and other delicts which were not subsumed under any more general term in the laws, pragmatically formulated as they were. The dissertation builds on the work of the researchers who show considerable scepticism towards the reliability of later sources, for example Plutarch or Diogenes Laertius - this is connected with doubts concerning processes against philosophers before Socrates. At the same time, the thesis follows the scholars who doubt the authenticity of the documents inserted in the speeches of the Attic Orators. For these reasons, a considerable part of the thesis is devoted to the rebuttal of late reports and inserted documents. A particular attention is given to the Decree of Diopeithes, which is mentioned in Plutarch's Life of Pericles and is usually interpreted as criminalising...

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