This qualitative study used a phenomenological approach to understand the experience of six therapists who had been threatened with harm or attacked by a client or a relative of a client in an outpatient setting. Semi-structured interviews were employed to collect data which were then analyzed using thematic coding. While some of the results of this study are consistent with existing literature on attacks on clinicians in acute inpatient settings, many of the study findings suggest that the experiences of therapists working in an outpatient setting who are threatened by a client or a relative of client are unique to that setting. Clinical implications are discussed. / Master of Science

This study is a multi-case study which examines the experiences of participants involved in a 12-session integrated couples treatment program for domestic violence. Participants included 7 therapists and 5 heterosexual couples. 3 couples participated in individual couples treatment, and 2 participated in a multi-couple group treatment. 2 of the couples were Black, while all other couples were White. 4 out of 5 couples were married; one couple was in a committed dating relationship. All therapists were trained in marriage and family therapy. All participants filled out open-ended questions about their expectations for therapy and participated in two interviews to elicit their experiences of ongoing therapy. Interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed, and data were analyzed using the constant comparative method. The findings include clients' and therapists' expectations of therapy prior to treatment, and their experiences of therapy during the first half of treatment. Participants discussed which aspects of therapy were helpful, and which aspects of therapy were not helpful. In general, clients emphasized helpful therapist behaviors and qualities that seemed to facilitate their engagement in the therapy process. Therapists tended to focus on specific techniques they employed to facilitate changes in their clients. Participants most often criticized the treatment length as insufficient. Participants also shared their views about the racial difference between therapists and clients, or among group members in the multi-couple treatment group. Most participants believed that racial difference had no effect on the treatment. Finally, participants shared their opinions about traditional domestic violence treatment versus couples treatment of violence. / Master of Science

The purpose of this study was to determine the predictors of violent sexual ideology among a sample of clients of street prostitutes. Despite the abundance of feminist theory and research on prostitution and sexual violence, very little research examines clients of prostitutes, who have many opportunities to perpetrate sexual violence against women who engage in prostitution (Davis 1993). Because street prostitutes are structurally vulnerable to male violence due to the low respectability of their occupation, clients are especially important to study. Because violence against women and sex work has both been studied in relationship to masculinities, this study examined the relationship between marginalized masculinities and violent sexual ideology among 423 clients of street prostitutes. The sample studied was derived from the National Institute of Justice Clients of Street Prostitutes 1996-1999. Using OLS regressions, I determined the significant predictors of violent sexual ideology among these clients. I found that rape myth acceptance, frequency of pornography use, frequency of sex, age, frequency of thinking about sex, lower levels of sexual conservatism and lower levels of perceived attractiveness were significantly related to violent sexual ideology. / Master of Science

This was an exploratory study of the experiences of 26 clients and 5 therapists participating in a research project testing a manualized multi-couple treatment program for domestic violence. The purpose of this study was to understand the experience of clients and therapists in participating in a research study with the hope of informing researchers who are seeking to make manualized treatment programs more effective. Despite a low level of conscious awareness of the research project, clients and their therapists provided a rich set of data. From the clients, the themes revealed views on how little the research project seemed to affect their therapy, and how the research project reinforced their learning and changes and allowed them to feel they were making a contribution to others. The therapists felt challenged to balance their roles with the research project's requirements. Theoretical fit was not an issue, but their comments inform the body of research on research participation. The therapists reported the model worked well, but early on they had to struggle with components. The study found that clients appreciate being asked their views through the treatment. Both therapists and clients recommend using a thorough check-in/check-out process with domestic violence. Therapists recommended that any fielded programs should include an ongoing evaluation process. Also, when clients and therapists believe that participating in a research project may help others and that they are participating together in something special, the therapeutic process may be enhanced. These elements appear to be easily incorporated into conventional therapy and may generate the same beneficial effect observed in this project. / Master of Science

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka eftervård för klienter som vårdats under Lagen (1988:870) om vård av missbrukare i vissa fall (LVM). Detta genom att undersöka avgörande faktorer för utfall av eftervård för klienterna. Vidare ämnar studien att undersöka klienternas motivation till eftervård från socialarbetares perspektiv. Studien syftar till att belysa en verklig bild av eftervården och eventuella utmaningar gällande eftervården för dessa klienter. För att undersöka detta utgår studien från följande frågeställningar:-Vilka faktorer avgör vilken eftervårdsinsats klienter som vårdats med stöd av LVM får? -Hur upplever och förstår socialarbetare sina klienters motivation till eftervård?För att besvara dessa frågeställningar användes semistrukturerade intervjuer som metod för att samla information från åtta informanter. Fem arbetar på socialtjänsten i olika kommuner och tre arbetar på institutioner styrda av Statens Institutionsstyrelse (SiS). Resultatet av studien visar att alternativen för eftervård är begränsade. När olika alternativ är tillgängliga påverkar andra faktorer eftervården, såsom kommunernas budget, klienters komplexa problematik och klienters förmåga att tillgodose sig behandling. Informanterna anger även att vissa klienter likställer tvångsvården med att sitta i fängelse, vilket innebär en utmaning i motivationsarbetet som socialarbetarna utför. Vidare visar resultatet på att motivationen är låg för klienter som återkommer inom tvångsvård. Klienternas motivation till eftervård tenderar att gå igenom olika faser under tiden på institutionen vilket skapar utmaningar för socialarbetarna. Studien visar även på att ett samarbete mellan socialtjänsten och SiS är grundläggande för positiva utfall för klienterna. / The aim of this study is to examine aftercare for clients who have been in compulsory treatment under the Substance Abusers (Special Provisions) Act 1988. This is done by examining determining factors for what kind of aftercare the clients receive. Furthermore the study aims to find out clients motivation to aftercare from the perspective of social workers. The study aims to highlight the reality of aftercare and the challenges of providing care to clients post-compulsory treatment. To examine this, the study is based on the following questions:-What factors impact clients post-compulsory treatment paths?-How do social workers experience and understand their clients’ motivation for care post-compulsory treatment?To answer these questions, the used method was semi-structured interviews to gather data from five informants working at social services in different municipalities, and three informants working at institutions run by the National Board of Institutional Care. The result of this study show that the options for care post-compulsory treatment are limited. When options are available other factors impact the aftercare, such as organisational budgets, the clients’ other complex life situations apart from yet related to the addiction and the clients’ ability to embrace the treatment. The respondents also state that for some clients, compulsory treatment is like being in jail, which means engaging in motivating clients can be very challenging. Furthermore, motivation for change is low for clients who re-entry compulsory treatment. The clients’ motivation for aftercare tends to go through different phases during the time they are under care at the institutions which provide challenges for the professionals working with them. The study also found that cooperation between the relevant organisations is essential for good outcomes for clients.

Cette étude empirique que nous avons appliquée à l’ingénierie-conseil, vise principalement deux objectifs ; (1) la validation des relations entre certaines caractéristiques des clients des services de ressources humaines et leur niveau de satisfaction face à ces services et (2) l’étude des relations entre les compétences des professionnels RH et le niveau de satisfaction des clients. Nous avons retenu un cadre théorique qui est constitué principalement de l’approche des constituantes multiples. Notre modèle d’analyse suppose que la satisfaction des groupes-clients d’un SRH est influencée par onze facteurs. De ces facteurs, cinq reflètent les caractéristiques des clients ; 1-l’engagement, 2-le sexe, 3-l’âge, 4-l’ancienneté et 5-la fréquence des contacts. Les six autres facteurs représentent les compétences des professionnels en ressources humaines ; 1-expert en ressources humaines, 2-allié de l’organisation, 3-gestion de la culture et du changement, 4-architecte stratégique, 5-gestion de talent et 6-activiste crédible. Pour les fins de notre recherche, nous retenons une approche quantitative et qualitative. Les résultats des analyses bivariées ne confirment pas nos hypothèses. Par contre, l’ancienneté et l’âge des clients semblent avoir une relation négative avec la satisfaction des clients. Quant à l’analyse de contenu des entrevues effectuées auprès des professionnels ressources humaines d’une organisation, elle permet de faire ressortir les liens entre la satisfaction et cinq compétences. Celles-ci sont l’expert en ressources humaines, l’allié de l’organisation, la gestion de la culture et du changement, la gestion du talent et l’activiste crédible. Ainsi, cinq propositions sont supportées. / This empirical study conducted in to the consulting engineering has two primary objectives: (1) the validation of relationships between certain characteristics of clients of human resources and their level of satisfaction with these services and (2) the study of relations between the competencies of HR professionals and the level of customer satisfaction. We selected a theoretical framework that consists mainly of the multiple constituencies approach. Our analytical model assumes that the satisfaction of the clients of a service of human resources department is influenced by eleven factors. Five of these factors reflect the characteristics of clients; 1-commitment, 2-age, 3-sex, 4-seniority and 5-the frequency of contact. The other six factors represent the skills of HR professionals; 1-operational executor, 2-business ally, 3-culture and change steward, 4-strategy architect, 5-talent manager and 6- credible activist. For purposes of our research, we use a quantitative and qualitative approach. The results of bivariate analysis refute our hypotheses. However, seniority and age of the customers seem to have a negative relationship with customer satisfaction. As for the analysis containing interviews conducted with HR professionals in an organization, it highlights the links between satisfaction and five skills, which are the operational executor, business ally, culture and change steward, talent manager and credible activist. Thus, five proposals are supported.

Cette étude empirique que nous avons appliquée à l’ingénierie-conseil, vise principalement deux objectifs ; (1) la validation des relations entre certaines caractéristiques des clients des services de ressources humaines et leur niveau de satisfaction face à ces services et (2) l’étude des relations entre les compétences des professionnels RH et le niveau de satisfaction des clients. Nous avons retenu un cadre théorique qui est constitué principalement de l’approche des constituantes multiples. Notre modèle d’analyse suppose que la satisfaction des groupes-clients d’un SRH est influencée par onze facteurs. De ces facteurs, cinq reflètent les caractéristiques des clients ; 1-l’engagement, 2-le sexe, 3-l’âge, 4-l’ancienneté et 5-la fréquence des contacts. Les six autres facteurs représentent les compétences des professionnels en ressources humaines ; 1-expert en ressources humaines, 2-allié de l’organisation, 3-gestion de la culture et du changement, 4-architecte stratégique, 5-gestion de talent et 6-activiste crédible. Pour les fins de notre recherche, nous retenons une approche quantitative et qualitative. Les résultats des analyses bivariées ne confirment pas nos hypothèses. Par contre, l’ancienneté et l’âge des clients semblent avoir une relation négative avec la satisfaction des clients. Quant à l’analyse de contenu des entrevues effectuées auprès des professionnels ressources humaines d’une organisation, elle permet de faire ressortir les liens entre la satisfaction et cinq compétences. Celles-ci sont l’expert en ressources humaines, l’allié de l’organisation, la gestion de la culture et du changement, la gestion du talent et l’activiste crédible. Ainsi, cinq propositions sont supportées. / This empirical study conducted in to the consulting engineering has two primary objectives: (1) the validation of relationships between certain characteristics of clients of human resources and their level of satisfaction with these services and (2) the study of relations between the competencies of HR professionals and the level of customer satisfaction. We selected a theoretical framework that consists mainly of the multiple constituencies approach. Our analytical model assumes that the satisfaction of the clients of a service of human resources department is influenced by eleven factors. Five of these factors reflect the characteristics of clients; 1-commitment, 2-age, 3-sex, 4-seniority and 5-the frequency of contact. The other six factors represent the skills of HR professionals; 1-operational executor, 2-business ally, 3-culture and change steward, 4-strategy architect, 5-talent manager and 6- credible activist. For purposes of our research, we use a quantitative and qualitative approach. The results of bivariate analysis refute our hypotheses. However, seniority and age of the customers seem to have a negative relationship with customer satisfaction. As for the analysis containing interviews conducted with HR professionals in an organization, it highlights the links between satisfaction and five skills, which are the operational executor, business ally, culture and change steward, talent manager and credible activist. Thus, five proposals are supported.

Numerous studies have focused on the effectiveness of community health worker (CHW) programs in producing positive health behaviors and health outcomes for the clients CHWs serve; however, there has been a gap in the literature regarding how the health of HIV + CHWs is impacted by their jobs. A phenomenological design was used to gain insight into the lived experiences of HIV+ CHWs (HIVCHW) who provided services to HIV positive clients. Fifteen HIVCHW were recruited using criteria and snowball techniques. Data were collected via audio recorded personal interviews regarding respondents' perceptions of their work and how it impacted their own health and wellbeing. The data were organized by hand creating charts with pen and paper. Lazarus's theory of stress and coping was used to understand the data and aided in the analysis. The key findings indicated that while the majority of participants had an overall positive perception of the experience of being HIVCHWs, they also indicated that being a CHW impacted their health and well-being. Stress and stressful situations were among the impacts most often referenced by the study participants. The study is socially significant because it may offer the workforce of HIVCHWs empowerment to self-advocate for tools such as stress and time management training and mentors to support healthy work-life balance. In addition, this study may help to prevent or reduce rates of adverse health outcomes such as pain and burnout that HIVCHWs reported experiencing.

Background: Relational depth (RD) is gaining empirical attention as a well-articulated phenomenon within therapeutic relationship literature. Despite this, with the exception of a small number of client-focused studies, research of this issue is relatively sparse and predominantly reflects upon therapeutic work from a person-centred orientation. Aims and Methods: The aim of this research was to explore clients’ experiences of RD within individual Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. Eight clients, who had self-identified at least one helpful relational moment with their therapist, were interviewed about their experience. The interviews were transcribed and analysed employing Grounded Theory methods. Findings and Discussion: Four core categories emerged from the analysis. These were: (1) the experience of the therapist, (2) the experience of self, (3) the experience of the therapy relationship, and (4) the perceived impact/effects of the moment of RD. Each core category and the corresponding subordinate codes are described by illustrative quotes from the participants. Following this, each finding is discussed in relation to RD research and beyond. Conclusions: This research project ultimately demonstrates that clients who have worked with a cognitive behavioural therapist can and do experience RD during their individual therapy. The like-by-like comparison of the findings with previous RD research indicated a high degree of convergence. Nevertheless, when differences are present, clients’ RD experience is influenced and to some extent contained by dissimilarity in experience between therapist and non-therapist clients. This is also manifested through theoretical differences of the given therapeutic approach. No negative impact or effect was described by the clients as a result of their experience of a moment of RD. The implications of the findings are highlighted and future research is suggested.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the health education for clients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus by nurses working in the diabetes clinic of the specific hospital. The quantitative descriptive cross sectional design used two questionnaires to collect data from all 20 nurses working in the diabetes clinic and from a convenient sample of 132 clients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, making use of the health services at the diabetes clinic of the hospital. Data was analysed by a computer program, statistical package for social science (SPSS). Measures were taken to ensure acceptable ethical practice, validity and reliability of the study. Findings revealed the absence of official documents to guide the health education and other factors, such as not knowing the learning needs of the clients, not utilising teaching methods optimally. Recommendations address the development of standard procedures, lesson plans, recording of health education sessions and education skills development for the nurses. / Health Studies / M. A. (Nursing Science)