Este trabalho objetivou conhecer o processo de busca e a clientela atendida em terapia de casal e família. Para tanto, realizaram-se dois estudos. Inicialmente, através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, foram identificados seis fatores associados à busca pelas terapias de casal e família: fatores pessoais, relacionais, culturais, de gênero, estratégias anteriores de ajuda e tipo de problema. Posteriormente, através de um estudo empírico, a clientela atendida em terapia familiar em uma clínica-escola de Porto Alegre (RS) foi caracterizada. Foram realizadas entrevistas estruturadas com 41 adultos encaminhados para terapia familiar, nas quais foram investigadas variáveis sociodemográficas e familiares, o processo de busca de ajuda, o problema apresentado, tentativas anteriores de ajuda utilizadas e expectativas sobre o tratamento. Os resultados permitem reflexões sobre a prática clínica com famílias em clínicas-escola, especialmente a respeito do envolvimento dos clientes no processo terapêutico e à transição da queixa para a demanda desde o período de avaliação inicial. / This research aimed to investigate the help seeking process and the clients attended in couples and family therapy. To achieve this objective, two studies were realized. First, a systematic literature review identified six factors associated with the search for couples and family therapy: personal factors, relationship factors, gender, cultural aspects, prior sources of help and type of problem. After that, a second study characterized the clients attended in family therapy in a school clinic located in Porto Alegre (RS). Structured interviews with 41 adults referred for family therapy were realized. Sociodemographic and familial variables, the search for help process, the main problem, the prior sources of help and the expectations about the treatment were investigated. These results allows reflections about family therapy practice in school clinics, especially about the involvement of the clients on therapeutic process and the transition from the first complaint to the real demand since evaluation period.

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Capturing and studying the moments in psychotherapy that clients find most important can help us understand more about how psychotherapy works, what the curative ingredients are, and by what processes they are mediated. Qualitative research in this area has, so far, mainly focused on describing, and categorizing clients’ experiences of important factors and events. The methods employed to analyse the data have been rather limited in variation and are usually based on a realist epistemology, according to which data are basically treated as reflections of the clients’ actual experiences. This entails a risk of overlooking and obscuring other aspects of therapy and the therapy process that are equally important to explore, for example the microprocesses of interaction within important events, or how clients’ accounts of their experiences are shaped and limited by the context in which they are produced. The overall aim of this licentiate thesis was to explore client-identified important events in psychotherapy with a focus on studying therapy talk and talk about therapy from a social constructionist point of view, which would allow a closer exploration of the understudied areas mentioned above. In Study I, Conversation Analysis was used to explore the interaction taking place between seven client-therapist dyads in 16 client-identified important events collected from their third sessions. The analysis identified that 12 of the events contained clients’ expressions of disagreement. Three different ways that the therapists handled the disagreement were discerned: The first, and most common, way was to orient to the client’s cues of disagreement by inviting the client to elaborate on his or her point of view and to establish a shared understanding acceptable to both participants. The second way was to orient to the client’s disagreement cues but define the therapist’s own point view as more relevant than the client’s, and the third way was a single case in which the therapist did not in any way orient to the client’s disagreement cues. In Study II, two qualitative methods based on different epistemologies were used to analyse the same set of eight clients’ accounts of 18 important events. The aim was to first identify what types of events clients describe as important, and then explore how their accounts of these events were contextually shaped and  organized, and the consequences of this. The first analysis, a content analysis, yielded descriptions of five different types of events, which were similar to the ones found in previous research on important events. The second analysis, a discourse analysis, demonstrated how clients’ accounts were not only influenced by the participants’ ability to accurately remember and report their experience, but also by what was sayable within the context of the research interview. In conclusion, the two studies demonstrate how qualitative methods based on a socialconstructive perspective can contribute to our understanding of clientidentified important events by highlighting and describing participants’ use of language in interaction, and its forms and  functions within therapy sessions and in research interviews. The findings point out the need to broaden the range of qualitative methods used in psychotherapy research in general and indicate the potential value of methods like CA and DA to psychotherapy process research and research on important events in particular.

The purpose of this study was to create a profile of the mortgage default clientele at the Utah State University Family Life Center, Housing and Financial Counseling (FLC HFC) and to examine how clientele were utilizing the counseling services. Demographic and mortgage variables were used to create the profile of clientele and examine the utilization of services. Specific variables key to the study included: loan type, time of delinquency when clients sought counseling, how clients were referred to the FLC HFC, and the point in counseling when an outcome was achieved (keeping the home or losing the home to foreclosure). The sample consisted of all closed mortgage default cases at the FLC HFC (N = 213) and covered the years between July 1999 and September 2004. Descriptive statistics were used to create a profile of clients and survival analysis was used to examine the utilization of services. Clientele were on average 36 years old, married, had 2.3 dependents, and were Caucasian. The majority of clientele had no savings, was behind on other debt, reported a reduction in income or job Joss as the cause of default, and sought counseling early on in the delinquency. Clients reaching an outcome of counseling in one to four appointments were statistically significantly different than those reaching an outcome in five or more appointments. Tn the context of survival analysis, clients were divided into three groups: survival (positive outcome of counseling), foreclosure/bankruptcy (negative outcome of counseling), or lost-to-follow up. The findings indicate that clientele with government loans use the services more than clientele with conventional loans. Among the clientele who kept their home, there were no statistically significant differences by Joan type. The FLC HFC can use this information to better tailor the services offered to mortgage default clientele.

This thesis contends that trainee counsellors are disempowered when they are expected to conform to the patterns provided by the trainer or agency. Empowerment results from the encouragement of the trainee to develop his/her own eclectic approach to their counselling, and this is only possible if a range of elective training programs are made available. This thesis also contends that no one agency or trainer is in a position to provide such a range of counselling approaches, and trainees should be motivated to use the service of other agencies, as well as being involved in independent studies. This inquiry proposes that one of the most effective foundations for the development of effective counsellors is the active encouragement of the trainee's self-awareness and the exploration of the trainee's inner life. If the success or failure of counselling depend on the ability of the counsellor to create an environment in which the client can explore his/her own issues, then it requires counsellors who have been empowered to make this discovery for themselves. This thesis also shows the author's own transformational journey, from a directed learner to a self-directed learner, and this paradigm shift in his own life has become the motivating force for empowering others to move into a position where they can exercise their own choices, and be empowered through participatory and transformative learning approaches. / Master of Science (Hons)

<p><p>Statistics shows that drunk driving and relapse increases in the Swedish society and it’s a problem that can be considered worth examining because of all the negative consequences that it conveys. To reduce the number of relapse it’s urgent that individuals that have been drunk and driving begins treatment and precedes it. The purpose of this study was to, from a client and therapeutic perspective, examine why drunk drivers begin treatment for their alcohol abuse and furthermore to investigate what’s important for the individual so that he completes the treatment. The study is built on eight interviews with both clients and therapists in the region of Kalmar in Sweden.The clients have been driving a car under the influence of alcohol, not any drugs. The individuals that has participated are men in the ages 25-60 years old. The methodological approach is qualitative, moreover the study is descriptive and comparing. The intention was to seek comprehension about central factors in a successful treatment for clients. The research findings are fairly similar between the clients opinions and the therapists. Overall a respectful attitude and reception from the therapist has turned out to be important. Furthermore the relationship and support from the family, relatives and friends has turned out to be central for the clients to commence and continue treatment. The therapeutic relationship is another essential aspect. There’s no simple answer why individuals initiate and completes treatment, the causes are several and variety.</p></p>

<p>Purpose</p><p>The purpose of this thesis is, firstly, to investigate clients’ perspective toward the Big 4’s financial audit service quality. Secondly, the gaps between clients’ perceptions and expectations of audit service quality provided by the Big 4 audit firms will be studied. Finally, factors influencing clients’ expectations of audit service quality will be categorised.</p><p>Method</p><p>A combination of qualitative and quantitative approach is used in the form of a web-based self-completion questionnaire. A qualitative approach is used in one section of the questionnaire which is an open-ended question asking about the</p><p><em>clients’ perception </em>toward audit service quality. A quantitative approach is used in the rest of the 2 sections of the questionnaire; firstly, asking the respondents to score the <em>level of perception and expectation </em>of audit service quality; secondly, asking for <em>types of clients’ industries. </em>The respondents are 25 clients who have direct experience with the Big 4 audit firms located in Thailand.</p><p>Finding </p><p>Clients <em>strongly expect </em>assurance, reliability, and responsiveness while <em>strongly perceive </em>assurance and reliability of the Big4’s audit service quality. However, it is obvious that clients’ perception of all 5 dimensions is less than those of expectation; <em>assurance, reliability </em>and <em>responsiveness </em>are significantly different at .05 level. Moreover, eight factors from given expectation score are re-categorised in order from the most important issue to the least important as follows; Factor 1: Trust & Confidence, Factor 2: Responsiveness & Accuracy, Factor 3: Knowledge and skills in clients’ industry, Caring and Independence, Factor 4: Understanding of Clients, Factor 5: Timing/Scheduling & Right Service, Factor 6: Physical Facilities, Factor 7: Professional appearance & Professional Procedures, and Factor 8: Information & Communication Channels and Materials.</p><p>Conclusion </p><p>In conclusion, the factors that are not satisfied by the clients; assurance, reliability, responsiveness, should be taken account of by the Big 4. Not only the Big 4 operating in Thailand have to be aware of their service quality, the other audit firms both international brands and local brands should also be aware of their service quality in order to satisfy their clients and to avoid damages of the firms and markets from audit failure. Both the audit firms and the clients together can help in audit quality improvement.</p><p>Recommendation </p><p>To improve audit service quality, it is not only the Big4 audit firms’ responsibility but also the good cooperation from the clients could be the crucial support, and the ongoing policies are needed because it takes some time to see the consequences. When the quality level of audit service becomes a win-win situation, both audit firms and clients receive mutual benefits. Moreover, the Big 4 are the big actors in the audit industry in Thailand with promptly financial and human resource, they should support non-Big 4 to improve audit service quality. Because it means the overall image of audit service in Thailand would be improve somehow.</p>