Monoclonal B lymphocytosis (MBL) has been recognized as a novel diagnostic condition. This study aims at the identification of clonal lymphocytosis in the patients with asymptomatic lymphocytosis. A total of 203 patients were evaluated for clonal B and T lymphocytosis by using flow cytometry and multiplex-PCR. Among them clonal B- or T-cells were detected in 54.2% of the cases, of which 38.4% were clonal B-cells and 15.8% were clonal T-cells cases. By immunophenotype, MBL was classified into the chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) type (21.7%) and non-CLL-type (7.4%). Flow cytometry analysis and cell counts were used to determine the size of clonal population, and the data indicate that MBL and CLL are present in a continuous spectrum of clonal expansion. The findings may contribute to the current understanding of MBL and evaluation of incidental lymphocytosis. Further studies are required to evaluate clonal progression as a precursor stage of lymphoid malignancy.

Monoclonal B lymphocytosis (MBL) has been recognized as a novel diagnostic condition. This study aims at the identification of clonal lymphocytosis in the patients with asymptomatic lymphocytosis. A total of 203 patients were evaluated for clonal B and T lymphocytosis by using flow cytometry and multiplex-PCR. Among them clonal B- or T-cells were detected in 54.2% of the cases, of which 38.4% were clonal B-cells and 15.8% were clonal T-cells cases. By immunophenotype, MBL was classified into the chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) type (21.7%) and non-CLL-type (7.4%). Flow cytometry analysis and cell counts were used to determine the size of clonal population, and the data indicate that MBL and CLL are present in a continuous spectrum of clonal expansion. The findings may contribute to the current understanding of MBL and evaluation of incidental lymphocytosis. Further studies are required to evaluate clonal progression as a precursor stage of lymphoid malignancy.

Submitted by Lucas Ferenzini Alves (lucas.agroecologia@gmail.com) on 2018-07-05T18:48:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferenzini_la_dr_botfca.pdf: 1484844 bytes, checksum: 59c57b85aca45f6821b1d00c0db8d02f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Lucia Martins Frederico null (mlucia@fca.unesp.br) on 2018-07-05T19:03:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ferenzini_la_dr_botfca1.pdf: 1484844 bytes, checksum: 985d3a95c75bafaf4a9563769b70e00d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-05T19:03:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ferenzini_la_dr_botfca1.pdf: 1484844 bytes, checksum: 985d3a95c75bafaf4a9563769b70e00d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O assa-peixe (Vernonia polyanthes (Spreng.) Less.) é uma planta medicinal popularmente utilizada para tratamento de afecções do aparelho respiratório, problemas renais, diurética, dentre outras. Poucas informações sobre sua propagação são encontradas na literatura, suas sementes apresentam baixo percentual de germinação e a propagação vegetativa se mostrou pouco produtiva e inviável. Com isso o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade da propagação vegetativa através das técnicas de estaquia e miniestaquia. Os experimentos foram realizados na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP, Câmpus de Botucatu - SP. O capítulo 1 foi dividido em dois experimentos. O experimento I verificou a influência de diferentes épocas (outono, inverno, primavera e verão) de retirada do ramo no enraizamento de estacas caulinares herbáceas da espécie. No experimento II foram realizado quatro experimentos independentes e simultâneos, sendo testados dois reguladores vegetais sintéticos (IBA e NAA) em duas formas (talco e líquido), um regulador vegetal natural (extrato do bulbo de tiririca) e um preparado homeopático (Arnica montana) em dois tipos de estacas (herbácea com folha e lenhosa sem folha). Os ramos coletados no outono obtiveram melhores resultados, apresentando taxa de enraizamento de 67,5%, o inverno obteve o pior resultado com a mortalidade de todo o estande, primavera e verão tiveram baixas taxas de sobrevivência e enraizamento, atingindo 8 e 4%, respectivamente. No experimento II a taxa de sobrevivência e enraizamento foi extremamente baixa, com isso impossibilitou a realização das análises estatísticas. O capítulo 2 também foi dividido em dois experimentos. O experimento I verificou quatro espaçamentos de plantio de minicepas de assa-peixe (0,10 x 0,10 m; 0,15 x 0,15 m; 0,20 x 0,20 m e 0,25 x 0,25 m), onde o maior espaçamento obteve as melhores médias nas características avaliadas, com destaque para a maior produção de miniestacas. O experimento II avaliou a influência de duas fontes de adubação (sintética e orgânica) em duas concentrações (50 e 100%). A fertirrigação orgânica 50% apresentou a maior porcentagem de miniestacas enraizadas. Níveis elevados de condutividade elétrica afetou o desenvolvimento das minicepas, as produções e o desenvolvimento das miniestacas, sendo o tratamento com fertirrigação sintética 100% o mais prejudicial. / Among medicinal plants, there is assa-peixe (Vernonia polyanthes (Spreng.) Less.), which is popularly for treating affections of the respiratory apparatus, kidney failure, dieresis and other illnesses. There is a paucity of literature on propagation methods for assa-peixe, since their seeds have a low germination percentage; consequently, vegetative propagation is quite unfeasible. This study aimed to evaluate the viability of vegetative propagation through cutting and mini-cutting techniques. Experiments were installed at the Lageado Experimental Farm, School of Agriculture of the Botucatu Campus (FCA/UNESP). Chapter 1 was divided into two experiments; the first experiment examined branch removal under different seasons (autumn, winter, spring and summer) for rooting of softwood cuttings; besides four independent and simultaneous experiments were also conducted with two plant growth regulators (IBA and NAA) tested on both forms of talc and liquid, a natural plant regulator (bulb extract) and a homeopathic remedy (Arnica montana) in softwood (with leaf) and hardwood (without leaf) cuttings. Results indicated that autumn branches performed better results, that is, a rooting rate of 67.5%; while winter showed the worst result with the mortality for the whole-stand; but spring and summer had low survival and rooting rates, reaching 8 and 4%, respectively. Furthermore, survival and rooting rates were extremely low in the second experiment, making it impossible to carry out useful statistical analyzes. Chapter 2 was also divided into two experiments, the first experiment assessed plant spacing on assa-peixe (0.10 x 0.10m, 0.15 x 0.15m, 0.20 x 0.20m and 0.25 x 0.25m), showing that the largest spacing provided the best means of evaluated traits, highlighting the higher production of mini-cuttings. Moreover, the influence of two fertilization sources (synthetic and organic) at two concentrations (50 and 100%) was evaluated in the second experiment. Results indicated that 50% oganic fertigation presented the highest percentage of rooted mini-cuttings. Also, high levels of electrical conductivity affected production, mini-cuttings and seedling development; consequently, 100% synthetic fertigation was the most harmful.

MACÊDO, Joemília Conceição Araújo. Distribuição dos grupos funcionais de plantas aquáticas em áreas alagadas costeiras do nordeste brasileiro. 2015. 37 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais)-Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2015. / Submitted by Vitor Campos (vitband@gmail.com) on 2016-09-26T23:02:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_jcamacedo.pdf: 757018 bytes, checksum: 2b0670a1c0c761b31382f96f37d5ce23 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jairo Viana (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-09-27T23:47:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_jcamacedo.pdf: 757018 bytes, checksum: 2b0670a1c0c761b31382f96f37d5ce23 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-27T23:47:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_jcamacedo.pdf: 757018 bytes, checksum: 2b0670a1c0c761b31382f96f37d5ce23 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Aquatic plants located in coastal lagoons have functional traits selected by abiotic conditions and related to the history of life, which allowed them to colonization and establishment in these environments. The present study tested the following hypotheses: (1) that the species have a homogeneous pattern of functional traits, resulting in the formation of a few groups; (2) that the limnological variables and soil act as a filter to select those traits and interfere in the distribution of populations in the pond. Thus the functional traits of the species present in a coastal lagoon in northeastern Brazil were analyzed using a sampling transects. Sediment samples were taken and analyzed in the laboratory. The limnology parameters were measured in the field, as well as the depth of the water depth and the occurrence of species away from the margin. Biological data showed formation of two functional groups, supporting the first hypothesis. But the abiotic variables were associated with the distribution of a few people, refuting the latter. Thus we conclude that the community of aquatic plants analyzed is formed by similar traits and abiotic effects are not decisive for the formation of these groups. / As plantas aquáticas situadas em lagoas costeiras apresentam traços funcionais selecionados por condições abióticas e relacionados à história de vida, que lhes permitiram a colonização e estabelecimento nesses ambientes. O presente trabalho testou as seguintes hipóteses: (1) que as espécies possuem um padrão homogêneo de traços funcionais, resultando na formação de poucos grupos; (2) que as variáveis limnológicas e pedológicas atuam como filtro que selecionam esses traços e interferem na distribuição das populações na lagoa. Desta forma os traços funcionais das espécies presentes numa lagoa costeira do nordeste brasileiro foram analisados por meio de uma amostragem por transectos. Amostras de sedimento foram retiradas e analisadas em laboratório. Os parâmetros limnológicos foram aferidos em campo, assim como a profundidade da lâmina d’água e a distância de ocorrência das espécies em relação à margem. Os dados biológicos evidenciaram a formação de dois grupos funcionais, corroborando a primeira hipótese. Porém, as variáveis abióticas foram associadas à distribuição de poucas populações, refutando a segunda hipótese. Com isso concluímos que a comunidade de plantas aquáticas analisada é formada por traços semelhantes e os efeitos abióticos não são determinantes para formação destes grupos.

Submitted by LUCAS EDUARDO PILON null (lucaseduardopilon@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-07T12:00:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Lucas Eduardo Pilon.pdf: 1670960 bytes, checksum: 4da72578d702faee29a2735a07314cd0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Manzano de Almeida (smanzano@marilia.unesp.br) on 2016-03-07T13:38:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 pilon_le_dr_jabo.pdf: 1670960 bytes, checksum: 4da72578d702faee29a2735a07314cd0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-07T13:38:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pilon_le_dr_jabo.pdf: 1670960 bytes, checksum: 4da72578d702faee29a2735a07314cd0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-05 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A mastite em ovelhas de dupla aptidão é reconhecida por afetar a qualidade do leite. Staphylococcus coagulase-negativos (SCN) são os principais micro-organismos responsáveis pela doença, e o tratamento ao final da lactação, pode contribuir para a cura e prevenção de casos subclínicos na lactação consecutiva. Entretanto, fatores de virulência e mecanismos de resistência apresentados por SCN podem reduzir as taxas de cura. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram identificar no leite de ovelhas tratadas e não tratadas à secagem com antimicrobianos, as espécies de SCN antes e após o tratamento e identificar nesses micro-organismos a presença dos genes mecA, icaA, icaC, icaD, bap, bhp, sea, seb, sec, sed e tsst-1, determinar o perfil clonal das principais espécies identificadas e relacionar os casos de cura após o tratamento com a presença/ausência dos respectivos genes. Sessenta ovelhas foram divididas em três grupos experimentais: G1, controle, metades mamárias que não receberam antimicrobiano; G2, metades mamárias em que foram administrados 10 mL de cloxacilina-benzatina 100 mg via intramamária / estrutura convencional; G3, metades mamárias em que foram administrados 86 mL de cloxacilina-benzatina 50 mg via intramamária / estrutura nanoencapsulada. As amostras de leite foram coletadas à secagem e aos 15 e 30 dias pós-parto da lactação seguinte. As análises para identificação das espécies de SCN foram realizadas por meio de testes bioquímicos e Internal Transcribe Spacer (ITS-PCR), e a pesquisa dos genes responsáveis pelos fatores de virulência e pela resistência à oxacilina foram realizados por meio da técnica de reação em cadeia de polimerase (PCR). Dentre as espécies identificadas S. warneri prevaleceram nos três grupos experimentais. Nenhuma amostra foi positiva para o gene mecA. O único gene relacionado com a produção de enterotoxinas encontrado foi o sec. Dentre os genes relacionados com a produção de biofilme, icaD foi o único identificado nos três grupos experimentais. Staphylococcus warneri, S. simulans e S. epidermidis apresentaram clones na mesma metade mamária no pré e pós-parto das ovelhas. A cloxacilina benzatina nanoparticulada 50mg / 86 mL foi eficiente para reduzir a mastite subclínica no pós-parto de ovelhas (P= 0,0192). Staphylococcus warneri, S. simulans, S. epidermidis e S. xylosus foram as espécies de maior ocorrência. Os genes icaA, icaC, icaD e bap foram encontrados no momento da desmama e no pós-parto, os genes sec e icaD estão associados à ausência de cura da mastite subclínica no pós-parto. Ovelhas em que foram isolados SCN portadores de genes responsáveis pela formação de biofilme não apresentaram resultados satisfatórios quando submetidas a esquemas de controle e ao tratamento da mastite subclínica. Os genes sec e icaD, estão associadas à ausência de cura microbiológica da mastite subclínica no pós-parto. Staphylococcus epidermidis e S. xylosus portador do gene bap estão associados à reinfecção. / Mastitis in dual-purpose sheep is recognized to affect their milk quality. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) is the main microorganism responsible for this disease and treatment at the end of lactation may contribute towards curing it and preventing subclinical cases during the consecutive lactation. However, virulence factors and resistance mechanisms presented by CNS may reduce the cure rates. The aims of this study were to identify CNS species in sheep’s milk with and without treatment with antimicrobials at the time of drying off and, in these microorganisms, to identify presence of the genes mecA, icaA, icaC, icaD, bap, bhp, sea, seb, sec, sed and tsst-1, determine clonal profile of the main species identified and correlate the cases of cure after treatment with the presence or absence of the respective genes. Sixty sheep were divided into three experimental groups: G1 (control), mammary glands that did not receive antimicrobials; G2, mammary glands to which 10 mL of cloxacillin-benzathine (100 mg) was administered via the intramammary route in a conventional structure; and G3, mammary glands to which 86 mL of cloxacillin-benzathine (50 mg) was administered via the intramammary route in a nanoencapsulated structure. Milk samples were collected at the time of drying off and 15 and 30 days after lambing in the next lactation. The analyses to identify the CNS species were performed by means of biochemical tests and internal transcribe spacer polymerase chain reaction (ITS-PCR), and the genes responsible for the virulence factors and resistance to oxacillin were investigated by means of the PCR technique. Among the species identified, Staphylococcus warneri was most prevalent in the three experimental groups. None of the samples were positive for the gene mecA. The only gene relating to production of enterotoxins that was found was sec. Among the genes relating to biofilm production, icaD was the only one identified in the three experimental groups. Staphylococcus warneri, S. simulans and S. epidermidis presented clones in the same mammary gland before and after lambing. The dose of 86 mL of nanoparticulate cloxacillin-benzathine (50 mg) was efficient for reducing subclinical mastitis after lambing (P = 0.0192). Staphylococcus warneri, S. simulans, S. epidermidis and S. xylosus were the species that occurred most frequently. The genes icaA, icaC, icaD and bap were found at the time of weaning and in the postpartum period. The genes sec and icaD were correlated with absence of cure for subclinical mastitis after lambing. Sheep in which CNS carrying genes responsible for biofilm formation was isolated did not present satisfactory results when they were subjected to regimens for controlling and treating subclinical mastitis. The genes sec and icaD were correlated with absence of microbiological control over subclinical mastitis after lambing. Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. xylosus carrying the gene bap were correlated with reinfection. / FAPESP: 2012/23044-0

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-11-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:14:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 scarpinati_ea_me_jabo.pdf: 586713 bytes, checksum: b4b8edef17de98899f05cf5fb4df2966 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Foram instalados três testes clonais de Eucalyptus spp em delineamentos de blocos completos ao acaso em diferentes tamanhos de parcelas experimentais, com 18 tratamentos (18 clones) repetidos em cada experimento. Experimento 1:-Teste clonal em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com 6 repetições de parcelas retangulares com 42 plantas (6 linhas x 7 plantas); Experimento 2:-Teste clonal em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com 6 repetições de parcelas lineares de 10 plantas; Experimento 3:-Teste clonal em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com uma planta por parcela (single tree plot - STP), com 20 repetições (blocos). Aos três anos de idade foi calculado o IMA (incremento médio anual de volume). Os dados do IMA foram avaliados para os valores genotípicos e os componentes de variância para os três delineamentos através de duas metodologias de análise: a) tradicional (ANOVA) e b) modelo misto (REML/BLUP). As estimativas de interesse foram obtidas utilizando os procedimentos GLM e MIXED do software estatístico SAS (2004). Foi efetuada análise de covariância para correção do efeito de competição testando três covariáveis: índice de Heigy, Falha, Média, para os três experimentos e nas duas metodologias de análise. A metodologia REML/BLUP, foi ligeiramente superior à metodologia GLM, em todas as análises. O índice de HEIGY não foi eficiente em nenhuma metodologia de análise para os três experimentos estudados para a característica IMA aos 3 anos de idade. As covariáveis Falha e Média não melhoraram as análises no experimento de parcelas retangulares, mas contribuíram para uma melhora sutil nos experimentos em linha e de planta única. Houve alteração no ordenamento dos genótipos de um delineamento para outro em todas as metodologias de análise. A alocompetição foi a grande causadora de erro experimental entre parcelas... / Three Eucalyptus spp cloning tests were designed in plots at randomized blocks, under different arrays and experimental parcels size, having 18 treatments (18 clones), replicated in each experiment. Experiment 1: Clonal test in randomized blocks with 6 replications in rectangular parcels with 42 plants (6 lines x 7 plants); Experiment 2: Clonal test in randomized blocks, with 6 replications in linear parcels having 10 plants; Experiment 3: Clonal test in randomized blocks in Single Tree Plot – STP, having 20 replications (blocks). After three years, the average of volume annual increment – IMA was calculated. IMA data were evaluated to genotypes value and the variance components to the three designs trough two analysis methodologies: a) Traditional (ANOVA) and b) mixed model (REML/BLUP). Interested estimative were obtained using GLM and MIXED procedures from SAS (2004). Covariance analysis was done to correct the competition effect testing three covaries: Heigy index, Falha, Mean, to the three experiments and in the two analysis methodology. The REML/BLUP methodology was slightly better than GLM methodology in all analysis. The HEIGH index was not apply to none of the three evaluated methodology to IMA characteristic after three years. The Falha 8 and Mean 8 covaries did not improve the design analysis of rectangular parcels, but they contributed to a subtle improve in the line and only plant designs. There was alteration from a design genotype order to other in all analysis methodology. The alocompetition was the main responsible of experimental error between parcels. The rectangular experiment was more efficient than STP, being this one more efficient than the linear parcels to the actual commercial crop system (mono clonal planting). The STP experiment presented higher medium experimental productivity as well higher averages predicted in almost all genotypes tested ...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

Submitted by (ana.araujo@ufrpe.br) on 2016-07-07T12:21:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Joseilme Fernando Gouveia.pdf: 4012962 bytes, checksum: 43c23a4011cc51d8a1e89ae1f1915c96 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-07T12:21:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joseilme Fernando Gouveia.pdf: 4012962 bytes, checksum: 43c23a4011cc51d8a1e89ae1f1915c96 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-01-15 / We have investigated the rate of substitution of advantageous mutations in populations of haploid organisms where the rate of recombination can be controlled. We have verified that in all the situations recombination speeds up adaptation through recombination of beneficial mutations from distinct lineages in a single individual, and so reducing the intensity of clonal interference. The advantage of sex for adaptation is even stronger when deleterious mutations occur since now recombination can also restore genetic background free of deleterious mutations. However, our simulation results demonstrate that evidence of clonal interference, as increased mean selective effect of fixed mutations and reduced likelihood of fixation of small-effect mutations, are also present in sexual populations. What we see is that this evidence is delayed when compared to asexual populations. / Nós investigamos a taxa de substituição de mutações vantajosas em populações de organismos haplóides, assumindo que o mecanismo de recombinação está fixo, com a ocorrência de mutações benéficas e deletérias. Propomos um modelo de população finita de indivíduos em que permitiu a recombinação com taxa r e quantificamos o sexo no modelo. Verificamos que o sexo e a recombinação aumentam a taxa de adaptação por permitir a recombinação das mutações originalmente benéficas em linhagens distintas da população e, assim, reduz a intensidade da interferência clonal. A vantagem do sexo é maior até quando ocorrem mutações deletérias, pois a recombinação possui um papel importante, porque eliminam as mutações deletérias com maior eficiência. Porém, nossos resultados de simulação demonstram também a ocorrência de evidências da interferência clonal em populações sexuadas. Observamos que, comparando a população sexuada com a assexuada, a interferência clonal ocorre para taxas mais elevadas de mutação benéfica. Notamos claramente a redução no ritmo de crescimento da taxa de fixação das mutações benéficas juntamente com o aumento do efeito médio seletivo das mutações que se fixam. E determinamos as distribuições que melhor descrevem a distribuição do efeito seletivo das mutações benéficas que conseguem se fixar em uma população.

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2016-09-21T11:48:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Kelly de Jesus Silva Maciel - 2016.pdf: 1521695 bytes, checksum: 28aafaf4cfd6bc606b92436f700782bd (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-21T13:51:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Kelly de Jesus Silva Maciel - 2016.pdf: 1521695 bytes, checksum: 28aafaf4cfd6bc606b92436f700782bd (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-21T13:51:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Kelly de Jesus Silva Maciel - 2016.pdf: 1521695 bytes, checksum: 28aafaf4cfd6bc606b92436f700782bd (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-03 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / The success of the Brazilian forestry is due largely to the excellent adaptability of the Eucalyptus genus to our climate and soil conditions. The recent expansion of eucalypts to the North and Midwest regions of Brazil presents challenges such as the need for clones adapted to drought, high temperatures and nutrient deficient soils of Cerrado. Three clonal trials were installed in different regions of Goiás State to evaluate the adaptability and growth of 113 elite clones of Eucalyptus spp. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic diversity and divergence among 90 of the clones used in three clonal trials installed in different regions of Goiás State. The clones were genotyped with nine microsatellite loci organized into four "multiplex" systems for PCR. The amplified fragments were separated on the ABI–3100 platform (Applied Biosystems). The genotyping was performed using the GeneMapper software (Applied Biosystems). Genetic diversity parameters were estimated using the GDA and Fstat programs. The parameters number of alleles (A), expected heterozygosity (He), observed heterozygosity (Ho), intrapopulation fixation index (f) and allelic richness were estimated for each microsatellite locus. The results showed that all loci used in this study were highly polymorphic, with an average of 16.78 alleles per locus. The EMBRA28 and EMBRA3 loci showed the highest number of alleles (24 and 22). In general, for most markers, the observed heterozygosity had similar estimates when compared to the expected heterozigosity under Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. As a result, the fixation index (f) did not differ significantly from zero. Analyses of genetic structure of the clones was performed using the software Structure (version 2.3.4), with K values ranging from 1 to 10, with 10 interactions each. Results indicated presence of three distinct genetic groups (K = 3). However, there was no clear relationship between the populations obtained and the different species of Eucalyptus used in the study. This result can be explained by the clone sample is originated from breeding programs where crosses may have admixed populations, disrupting some genetic structures. Most importantly, the molecular analyses indicate extraordinary genetic diversity within the clonal trials installed in Goiás. This genetic diversity can be exploited for breeding new genetic material adapted to the Cerrado conditions. / O sucesso do setor florestal brasileiro deve-se em grande parte à excelente adaptabilidade do gênero Eucalyptus ao nosso clima e condições do solo. A recente expansão do eucalipto para as regiões norte e central do Brasil requer pesquisas para que os clones se adaptem à seca, elevadas temperaturas e escassez de nutrientes nos solos do Cerrado. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a diversidade e divergência genética entre 90 dos clones utilizados em uma rede de testes clonais no estado de Goiás. Os clones foram genotipados com nove locos microssatélites organizados em quatro sistemas “multiplex” para PCR. Os fragmentos amplificados foram separados na plataforma ABI-3100 (Applied Biosystems). A genotipagem foi realizada utilizando o programa GeneMapper (Applied Biosystems). Os parâmetros de diversidade genética foram estimados usando os programas GDA e Fstat. Os parâmetros número de alelos (A), heterozigosidade esperada (He), heterozigosidade observada (Ho), índice de fixação intrapopulacional (f) e riqueza alélica foram estimados para cada loco microssatélite. Os resultados mostraram que todos os locos utilizados neste estudo foram altamente polimórficos, com média de 16,78 alelos por loco. A genotipagem dos locos EMBRA28 e EMBRA3 mostrou o maior número de alelos (24 e 22). De maneira geral, para a maioria dos locos estudados, a heterozigosidade observada apresentou estimativas semelhantes à heterozigosidade esperada dentro das condições do Equilíbrio de Hardy-Weimberg. Como resultado, o índice de fixação (f) não diferiu significativamente de zero. A análise da estrutura genética dos clones foi realizada utilizando o programa Structure (versão 2.3.4), com valores de K variando de 1 a 10, com 10 iterações cada. Os resultados indicaram a presença de três grupos genéticos distintos (K = 3). Entretanto, não foi observada uma clara relação entre as populações obtidas e as diferentes espécies de Eucalyptus utilizadas no estudo. Esse resultado pode ser explicado pelo fato da amostra de clone ser originada de programas de melhoramento, onde os cruzamentos recombinam o material genético das populações, desfazendo algumas estruturas genéticas. De forma mais importante, as análises moleculares indicaram grande diversidade genética dentre os clones que estão sendo avaliados em Goiás. Esta diversidade genética pode ser explorada em um programa de melhoramento para obtenção de novos materiais genéticos adaptados às condições do Cerrado.

Este estudo teve o objetivo de analisar a estrutura da população da palmeira clonal Bactris setosa Mart. existente em um fragmento de floresta atlântica do município de São Luiz do Paraitinga, SP. Foram demarcadas três transecções (T1, T2 e T3) medindo 200 x 25m cada, nas quais foram feitas as avaliações dos caracteres macromorfológicos de todos os indivíduos encontrados, como: comprimento do estipe, diâmetro à altura do solo (DAS), número de folhas e folíolos, comprimento do pecíolo e limbo foliar e verificada a presença de estruturas reprodutivas (brácteas florais ou inflorescências secas). A partir destas avaliações, foram estabelecidos três estádios ontogenéticos para os indivíduos: plântula (folhas bífidas), jovem (folhas segmentadas) e adulto (presença de estruturas reprodutivas). Foram encontrados 109 indivíduos distribuídos em 27 touceiras (média de 4 ind/touceira). O maior número de indivíduos foi encontrado na T1, seguida da T3 e T2. Para analisar a estratégia reprodutiva, as touceiras foram classificadas em Touceira-genet (apenas um indivíduo, oriundo da germinaço), Touceira-jovem (mais de um indivíduo, oriundo de reproduço assexuada) e Touceira adulta (presença indivíduos adultos emitindo estruturas reprodutivas). Foi observado que a estratégia de reprodução sexuada ocorreu em touceiras com até três indivíduos e que as touceiras que investem no perfilhamento chegaram a apresentar até 25 indivíduos. As condições do ambiente florestal fragmentado pode ter favorecido o maior número de Touceiras-jovens em relação às Touceiras-genet e adulta e a diminuição do número de touceiras no sentido do interior do fragmento indica que a colonização desta espécie está ocorrendo da borda para o interior. / The objective of this study was to analyze the population structure of the clonal palm Bactris setosa Mart. in a fragment of the Atlantic rain forest in São Luiz of the Paraitinga, SP. In three 200x25m transects (T1, T2 and T3), all individuals and clumps were mesured and evaluated: stem length, diameter at soil level (DAS), length and number of leaves and leaflets, and also the presence of reproductive structures was verified (floral bracts or inflorescences). Three ontogenic stages were established: seedling (bifid leaf); juvenile (segmented leaf) and adult (presence of reproductive structures). It was found 109 individuals distributed in 27 clumps (average of 4 ind/clump). The largest number of individuals was found in T1, following by T3 and T2. The clumps were classified in Genet-clumps (only one individual, deriving from germination), Young-clumps (more than an individual, deriving from asexual reproduction) and Adult-clumps (presence of reproductive individuals). When the reproduction strategy was sexual it was observed that the clumps develop until 3 individuals and when it was vegetative the clumps reached up to 25 individuals. The fragmentation increases the number of Young-clumps in relationship the Genet and Adult-clumps and the clumps decrease in the sense of the insite of the fragment, indicating that the colonization of this specie is occurring from the edge to the insite.

Polygonella myriophylla (Polygonaceae) is a clonal shrub listed as endangered and narrowly endemic to pyrogenic scrub ecosystems in central Florida. It is almost restricted to gaps within the matrix of shrubs in the scrub but also occurs along adjacent road-side habitats. I hypothesize that persistent disturbed microhabitats and more dynamic sand accretion in roadsides will increase rooting probabilities compared to more stable scrub habitats, affecting survival, growth and reproduction. In April 2004- March 2006, I compared plant (genet) and basal branch (ramet) performance between experimentally manipulated plants in native scrub and roadside habitats at two locations within the Lake Wales Ridge State Forest in Polk County: LC01 and Old School. We completed a total of 6 evaluations in each site (April, July and November 2004, May and November 2005, and March 2006). Fifteen plants per replicated habitat in LCO1 and Old School were selected based on presence of four unrooted branches. Each unrooted branch within a plant randomly received one of four possible treatments: forced branch burial, branch lifting, procedural control, and no manipulation (total N= 60 genets and 240 ramets). Forced burial was implemented to mimic sand burial and evaluate rooting probability and performance in both habitats. Branch lifting was applied to prevent sand burial and evaluate demography of unrooted branches in both habitats. The procedural control served to evaluate wire effects on ramet demography. The control provided vital and rooting rates of branches in natural conditions. Road populations exhibited larger crown area and higher monthly diameter (controlled by initial diameter) and higher monthly length growth rates compared to scrub populations. Rooting probability was only affected by treatment one (buried wire) not habitat or site. Forced sand burial increased rooting (67 % after forced contact vs. 20-30 % for other treatments). Rooted branches did not exhibit variation in survival, growth, or fecundity compared to unrooted branches. Old School populations exhibited larger crown area, higher monthly diameter and monthly length growth rates compared to LC01 populations. Prescribed fires killed several plants explaining significantly higher branch survival at the unburned LC01 (66.1%) compared to recently burned Old School (36.2 %). LC01 populations exhibited higher fecundity and ramet survival compared to Old School populations. In February - December 2006, I describe the reproductive schedule at (LC01) in 10 road and 10 scrub plants. Monthly, I counted number of inflorescences and flowers per inflorescence (one inflorescence per plant) for each plant. Number of inflorescences per plant was highest between May and September and higher in road than in scrub. Our results indicate significant different demographic performance of P. myriophylla at plant and branch level between road and scrub habitats. A longer term study is needed to determine if the persistence of P. myriophylla is threatened by increasing roadside populations.