O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar as bases teóricas da metodologia de projeto, compreender sua evolução inicial e a influência de outras áreas nesse processo. Teve também como objetivo, descrever os primeiros métodos sistemáticos, presentes entre 1962 a 1973, os confrontado com as teorias presentes no referencial teórico. Isso foi feito através da análise de citações das seis primeiras obras publicadas sobre o tema somado ao registro da primeira conferência sobre métodos de projeto de 1962, criando uma base de dados de 1330 referências bibliográficas. O estudo identifica os principais campos que influenciaram os métodos, centrados em uma abordagem de sistemas. Além disso, revela uma lista de trabalhos e autores que precederam as publicações sobre métodos de projeto e que podem ser considerados os primórdios de um pensamento projetual. Essa lista, que pode ser considerada a principal contribuição do trabalho, foi feita através de técnicas de bibliometria, como a co-citação e o acoplamento bibliográfico, aliadas a análise de redes fazendo o cruzamento entre os autores, unindo dados quantitativos a uma análise qualitativa, esse resultado é contextualizado em uma linha do tempo e em um quadro histórico. Por fim é feita uma reflexão sobre a evolução e as tendências atuais e futuras da metodologia de projeto. / The main aim of this work was to investigate the theoretical bases of design methodology, understand their early evolution and the influence of other fields in this process. Had also aimed to describe the first systematic methods, present from 1962 to 1973, and confronting it with the theories present in the theoretical framework. This was done through citation analysis of the first six books published on the subject added to the published papers of the 1962 first conference on design methods, creating a database of 1330 references. The study identifies core fields that influenced the methods, focusing on a systems approach. Moreover, it shows a list of works and authors that preceded the publications on design methods and can be considered the beginnings of design thinking. The list, which can be considered the main contribution of the research was done through bibliometric techniques such as co-citation and bibliographic coupling, combined with network analysis making the crossing between the authors combining quantitative data with qualitative analysis, this results is contextualised into a time line and in a historical frame. At last was made a reflection about the evolution, current trends, and future of design methodology.

O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar as bases teóricas da metodologia de projeto, compreender sua evolução inicial e a influência de outras áreas nesse processo. Teve também como objetivo, descrever os primeiros métodos sistemáticos, presentes entre 1962 a 1973, os confrontado com as teorias presentes no referencial teórico. Isso foi feito através da análise de citações das seis primeiras obras publicadas sobre o tema somado ao registro da primeira conferência sobre métodos de projeto de 1962, criando uma base de dados de 1330 referências bibliográficas. O estudo identifica os principais campos que influenciaram os métodos, centrados em uma abordagem de sistemas. Além disso, revela uma lista de trabalhos e autores que precederam as publicações sobre métodos de projeto e que podem ser considerados os primórdios de um pensamento projetual. Essa lista, que pode ser considerada a principal contribuição do trabalho, foi feita através de técnicas de bibliometria, como a co-citação e o acoplamento bibliográfico, aliadas a análise de redes fazendo o cruzamento entre os autores, unindo dados quantitativos a uma análise qualitativa, esse resultado é contextualizado em uma linha do tempo e em um quadro histórico. Por fim é feita uma reflexão sobre a evolução e as tendências atuais e futuras da metodologia de projeto. / The main aim of this work was to investigate the theoretical bases of design methodology, understand their early evolution and the influence of other fields in this process. Had also aimed to describe the first systematic methods, present from 1962 to 1973, and confronting it with the theories present in the theoretical framework. This was done through citation analysis of the first six books published on the subject added to the published papers of the 1962 first conference on design methods, creating a database of 1330 references. The study identifies core fields that influenced the methods, focusing on a systems approach. Moreover, it shows a list of works and authors that preceded the publications on design methods and can be considered the beginnings of design thinking. The list, which can be considered the main contribution of the research was done through bibliometric techniques such as co-citation and bibliographic coupling, combined with network analysis making the crossing between the authors combining quantitative data with qualitative analysis, this results is contextualised into a time line and in a historical frame. At last was made a reflection about the evolution, current trends, and future of design methodology.

偉大的科學家牛頓曾說：「如果我能比別人看的更遠，那是因為我站在巨人的肩膀上」。任何一個學科的發展，其創始和演進的過程中，必定有一群具有前瞻性與領導風格的研究者，憑藉著他們本身的才能與智慧、努力的奉獻和卓越的理念做出具體的貢獻，透過相同的理念奠定學科的根基，並促使學科興盛發展。 本研究採用書目計量學研究方法中的共被引分析法，以美國資訊科學學會所頒發「最佳貢獻獎」之得主為研究對象，並以1900年至2007年為研究範圍，進行資訊科學家之間的主題性分析。本研究旨在探討44位資訊科學先驅的共被引情況，以瞭解各位先驅和各領域主題的群集現象，進而探討資訊科學的知識結構。本研究透過Web Of Science資料庫分別對於44位資訊科學家與個人被引用最多之著作進行共被引次數檢索，製成共被引矩陣，除了瞭解資訊科學家與其被引用最多之著作的共被引強度外，並以KNOT軟體進行路徑搜尋網路分析，進一步探討資訊科學之主題分佈情況，並與前人所做的相關研究進行比較。 本研究結果歸納如下： 一、資訊科學先驅的被引用次數和共被引次數 (一)被引用次數和共被引次數高低的差異，較高者可強化連結強度，較低者可反應出不同的學科結構。 (二)共被引次數較普遍者，具有跨領域的特性。 二、資訊科學先驅的路徑搜尋網路分析 (一)資訊科學領域以五大領域為主要範疇。分別是以Salton, G所領軍的資訊檢索領域；Lancaster, FW所代表的圖書資訊學與圖書館教育、圖書館自動化與自動化系統、圖書館與資訊服務評鑑等領域；Garfield, E為核心的資訊計量學與引用文獻分析之領域；Belkin, NJ所代表的使用者研究與資訊尋求行為領域；Saracevic, T為主的圖書資訊科學概念與理論、圖書資訊科學史的領域。 (二)單篇被引用最多之著作的網路圖無法判別。 三、本研究與White, HD (2003a)研究結果之比較結果 (一)資訊科學領域的學科結構並無太大變動。 (二)資訊科學中心點的不同。本研究所得的網路圖是以Salton, G為圖形的中心點，而White, HD (2003a)則是以Lancaster, FW為圖形中心點。 四、資訊科學領域有跨學科之性質。透過分析結果可以發現資訊科學有跨領域的特性，在許多的資訊科學先驅本身的研究範疇不只侷限於資訊科學，甚且有跨越其他學科主題，例如：電腦科學、社會網絡分析、數學、統計學等。 / Newton, one of the great scientists, said：「If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.」The development in any discipline, in the founding and evolution of the process , there must be a group of forward-looking with the leadership style of the researchers. They make concrete contribution by virtue of their own abilities and intelligence, outstanding efforts and dedication. They through the same idea lay the foundation of their subjects and flourish their disciplines. This study aims at using co-citation analysis of bibliometrics, and regards the Winners of Award of Merit of American Society for Information Science as the research objects to analyze the relevance between and between information scientists, and the research years from 1900 to 2007. The main purpose of this study is to explore the co-citation counts of 44 information scientists to understand the pioneers and the major subjects in information science, and further explore the structure of scientific knowledge of information science. This study through the Web Of Science database retrieve the co-citation counts of 44 pioneers of information science and the most cited of their works to build co-citation matrix. The result let us understanding the co-citation strength of 44 pioneers of information science. We also use the KNOT software in the analysis of PFNETs, try to explore the subjects how to distribute in information science, and take the results compare to the results of the study by White, HD in 2003. The results of the study reveal that: 1.Cited counts and co-citation counts of 44 pioneers of information science (1)The difference between higher counts and lower counts. The higher counts can strengthen the connections between the network, the lows counts can response to the different structures of information science. (2)The higher co-citation counts commonly have the characteristics of cross- discipline. 2.The PFNETs of 44 pioneers of information science (1)The fields of information science divide into five main areas. Salton, G lead the field of information retrieval. Lancaster, FW represent the education of library science and information science, library automation and automated systems, the evaluation for library and information services etc.. Garfield, E as the core of the field of informetrics and citation analysis. Belkin, NJ represent the field of the users research and information-seeking behavior. Saracevic, T represent the field of library information science concepts and theories, the history of library and information science etc.. (2)The network map of the most cited works of 44 pioneers of information science cannot be differentiated. 3. Take the results compare to the results of the study by White, HD in 2003 (1)The field of information science disciplines have not much change in the scientific structure. (2)Different focal point in the maps of information science. This study is based on the network map as Salton, G as focal point for the network, and White, HD (2003a) is based on the network map as Lancaster, FW as focal point for the graphics. 4. The field of information science has the nature of interdisciplinary. The results can be found through the co-citation analysis of information scientists on cross-cutting nature of information science. A pioneer in many areas of study itself is not limited to information science, and even likely to go beyond the subject of other disciplines, such as: computer science, social network analysis, mathematics, statistics etc..

本研究旨在應用共被引分析法與社會網絡分析法，以資訊社會代表文獻為研究對象，進行文獻間的主題相關性分析，希望透過對資訊社會代表文獻之共被引分析與社會網絡分析，能瞭解資訊社會研究所涵蓋的學科領域、文獻之間的集群性、及歷年研究趨勢。本研究以1962年至2010年的資訊社會代表文獻為研究範圍，研究資料取自Webster於2006年所撰寫的《Theories of Information Society》與《The Information Society Reader》二本著作，經整合後得出89篇代表文獻做為本研究之研究樣本。其次，再以WOS資料庫對此89篇代表文獻進行共被引次數檢索，製成共被引矩陣。除了瞭解代表文獻間的共被引強度外，並以SPSS軟體進行相關係數分析與集群分析，此外，利用UCUNET軟體計算出文獻中心性，及將文獻間的關係繪製成多元尺度圖與社會網絡圖，最後，透過研究年代的區隔，計算不同時段共被引情形的變化，以觀察資訊社會領域發展趨勢。 本研究結果歸納如下：1.資訊社會代表文獻被引用次數概況：（1）整體而言，資訊社會代表文獻歷年被引用次數趨於穩定；（2）資訊社會代表文獻受到社會學與地理學領域高度引用。2.「資訊社會」之知識地圖：（1）資訊社會代表文獻共被引次數普遍偏低；（2）資訊社會領域之核心文獻；（3）資訊社會領域可分為社會學、地理學及資訊科學與圖書館學子群。3.資訊社會之發展趨勢：（1）資訊社會知識地圖演變；（2）資訊社會共被引次數衰退。 本研究結果可應用於館藏規劃與評估，界定重要的圖書文獻來源，有助於圖書館或相關研究單位評估資訊社會相關館藏是否足以支援研究。同時可將研究之分析應用於資訊社會學術研究，提供研究人員近年來資訊社會共被引學科之變化及研究主題趨勢等相關資訊，作為資訊社會學者進行研究規劃之參考。 / The purpose of this study is to find out what disciplines Information Society covers. By Co-citation Analysis, this study highlighted the major disciplines in the Information Society field and identified the main literature and their relationship. This research takes representative Information Society literature from 1962 to 2010 as research scope. Firstly, by Bibliometrics, the total of 89 representative literature of Information Society was extracted from “The Information Society Reader” and “Theories of Information Society” written by Frank Webster in 2005 and 2006 respectively. Secondly, the co-citation times between 89 literature was investigated through Web of Science and thus a co-citation matrix was build to reveal the co-citation strength of literature. Co-relation and cluster analysis between literature were also explored by SPSS software. In addition, this study uses UCUNET software to analyze centrality and plot knowledge map on the subject of Information Society. The major findings are as follows: 1. On the citation strength: (1) Cited times of Information Society literature have been growing stable in recent years. (2) Information Society literature is highly cited by disciplines of Sociology and Geography. 2. Knowledge map of Information Society: (1)Co-citation frequencies of Information Society literature are low;(2) The core literature of Information Society field; (3)Sociology, Geography and Information Science are main disciplines in Information Society area. 3. Development of Information Society: (1) Development of knowledge map of Information Society; (2) Co-citation frequencies of Information Society literature have been declining in recent years. Finally, the results of this study can be applied to collection planning and assessment, and identify the core journals and books. It assists libraries or information centers in evaluating the adequacy of Information Society collections to support research. Meanwhile, it provides researchers with recent trends of Information Society research.

This thesis aims to examine how the domain Assyriology can be analyzed with bibliometrics. It uses the domain analytic perspective by Birger Hjørland and Hanne Albrechtsen. The metadata was collected through the Web of Science and the dataset covers the years 2016-2020 from the journals Akkadica, Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Ancient Near Eastern studies, Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions and Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie. The domain was studied by analyzing citations, the documents, languages, place of publication, the age of references and the authors by visualizing patterns in figures and tables. Co-authorship analysis was used to display collaboration between countries. The content was analyzed with co-citation analysis of references and co-word analysis of title words to visualize the knowledge structures within the domain. The study found that Co-word analysis did give a general idea of different knowledge patterns but there were few clear structures. The co-citation analysis was found to reveal more clear structures though the references had a low citation rate and so might not be representative of the whole domain. It was found to be effective to use tables and figures to visualize certain aspects and patterns within the domain. In conclusion, bibliometrics was found to be effective to gain knowledge about the domain Assyriology. This is a two years master's thesis in Library and Information Science. / Den här uppsatsen ämnar att analysera hur domänen assyriologi kan analyseras med hjälp av bibliometri. Uppsatsen använder ett domänanalytiskt perspektiv av Birger Hjørland and Hanne Albrechtsen. Metadatan har samlats in från Web of Science och datasetet består material från tidsperioden 2016-2020 från tidskrifterna AkkAncient Near Eastern studies, adica, Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions and Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie. Domänen studerades genom att analysera citeringar, materialet, språken, vart materialet publicerades, åldern på referenserna och författarna genom att visualisera mönster i figurer och tabeller. Forskningssamarbeten analyserades för att visa samarbeten mellan länder. Innehållet analyserades med en cociteringsanalys av referenser och en cowordanalys av titelord för att visualisera kognitiva strukturer inom domänen. Studien fann att cowordanalys gav en generell bild av olika kongnitiva strukturer men det fanns få tydliga strukturer. Cociteringsanalysen hittade fler tydliga strukturer men referenserna hade få citeringar och det är därmed möjligt att det inte representerar hela domänen. Det var effektivt att använda sig av tabeller och figurer för att visualisera olika aspekter inom domänen. Sammansfattningsvis, bibliometri var användart för att få nya kunskaper om domänen assyriologi.