Orientador: Roxane Helena Rodrigues Rojo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T16:37:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Custodio_MelinaAparecida_M.pdf: 3827236 bytes, checksum: 4474dd00d515dd4674af39cc165e9c90 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os registros gerados pela ferramenta digital Google Docs, conectada à internet, de práticas colaborativas de escrita de grupos de alunos do oitavo ano do segundo ciclo do ensino fundamental. Tais alunos estiveram envolvidos em uma proposta de produção colaborativa digital do gênero tragédia em escola privada da cidade de Campinas, SP. Como se trata de uma pesquisa qualitativa de base interpretativista, situada no campo da Linguística Aplicada, a construção do corpus tem como objetivo geral compreender possíveis relações entre as práticas letradas de jovens no espaço virtual e a influência desse repertório na produção colaborativa de texto escrito e, assim, inferir quais ganhos a exploração dessas relações podem trazer ao ensino-aprendizado da escrita na escola. Os objetivos específicos do trabalho compreendem identificação e interpretação das relações colaborativas nas multicamadas de cada texto estudado; análise de convergências de linguagens na composição do texto - multissemiose; e identificação e análise do repertório de textos que compõem a coleção de objetos culturais dos alunos em questão. Guiado pela perspectiva enunciativa da linguagem de Mikhail M. Bakhtin, este trabalho tem como base teórica concepções de letramento que envolvem sobretudo as práticas significativas de uso de linguagens em contexto de desenvolvimento e expansão de novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TICs). Nessa linha, discute também culturas da juventude relacionadas ao espaço virtual e práticas colaborativas no contexto da aprendizagem social e no processo de produsagem. Nesse quadro, a análise dos dados aponta que o contexto digital colaborativo online afeta mais intensamente o gênero do discurso proposto apenas em dois, dos três grupos analisados, nos quais o direcionamento temático é bastante influenciado pelas referências feitas pelos integrantes dos grupos, a partir de links de gêneros diversos como letras de canções, verbetes, imagens estáticas etc. Nesses dois grupos, o uso dos gêneros da coleção cultural desses sujeitos como material para transformação (de acordo com os princípios da produsagem) mostra-se como uma motivação para o engajamento e persistência dos integrantes na produção da atividade proposta. Contudo, um dos grupos não apresenta trabalho colaborativo e poucas referências explícitas a enunciados que formam o repertório cultural de seus integrantes, tornando clara a questão de que o emprego de novas tecnologias não garante a ocorrência de novos letramentos. O presente estudo destaca, sobretudo, que as experiências dos alunos na esfera virtual orbitam em torno de enunciados constituídos por diferentes linguagens para diferentes propósitos. E, dessa forma, assinala a importância da valorização das coleções dos alunos para garantir o aprendizado efetivo na escola sem escamotear as questões sociais e culturais imbricadas nos mais diversos usos da linguagem / Abstract: This research has as objective to analyze collaborative writing practices of groups of students who were attending the eighth year of the second cycle of basic education at a private school located in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. The data were collected through the use of the digital tool Google Docs, which is available on the internet. Therefore, through the use of this digital tool, the students had to engage in a digital collaborative production in order to write the discourse genre "tragedy". Once this is a qualitative research with interpretative procedures in the field of Applied Linguistics, the construction of the general corpus aimed to understand possible relationships between literacy practices of young students in virtual spaces and the influence of this repertoire in the collaborative production of written texts and thus infer which profits the exploitation of these relationships can bring to teaching and learning of writing in school. The specific goals consist of: identifying and interpreting the collaborative relationships in the multilayers of each studied text; to analyze the convergence of different forms of language in text composition (multissemiosis), and identifying and analyzing the repertoire of texts that comprise the student's collection of cultural objects. Guided by Bakhtin's concept of language as a living dialogue, this work is based on theoretical conceptions of literacy practices that involve particularly meaningful uses of language in the context of development and expansion of new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). Along this line, it also discusses youth-related virtual space cultural and collaborative practices in the context of social learning and the process of produsage. In this framework, data analysis has disclosed that the online collaborative digital environment affected the production of the proposed discourse genre, more intensely, it affected two of the three studied groups. In these two groups, the thematic direction was heavily influenced by the group members' references, from links of various genres such as song lyrics, online encyclopedia entries and still images etc. In both groups, the use of genres from these cultural subjects' collection as material for transformation (according to the principles of produsage) proved to be a motivation to engage and persist in the production of the proposed activity. However, it has been observed that one of the groups showed little collaborative work and few references to utterances that are part of the cultural repertoire of its members, making it clear that the use of new technologies does not guarantee the occurrence of new literacies. This study has especially highlighted that students' experiences in the virtual sphere orbit around utterances composed of different languages for different communication purposes. Moreover, it emphasizes the importance of valuing students' collections in order to ensure effective learning in school without concealing the social and cultural issues intertwined in the various uses of language / Mestrado / Lingua Materna / Mestra em Linguística Aplicada

In today’s world of rapid technological development one cannot deny the importance of collaborative writing systems. Besides many advantages of a collaborative writing system the major one is to allow its end users to work in collaboration with each other without having to physically meet. In the past various researches has been carried out for the usability evaluation of collaborative writing systems using the think aloud protocol method however there is no study conducted on the comparison of different usability evaluation methods in the context of collaborative writing systems. In this thesis work the authors have tried to find the limitations and capabilities of think aloud protocol and co-discovery learning methods in the context of a collaborative writing system called ZOHO, as well as the usability evaluation of ZOHO using think aloud protocol and co-discovery learning methods. The authors found various usability errors in ZOHO. Apart from this the authors also observed the two usability evaluation methods when they were used for usability evaluation of ZOHO. The authors found that both the methods have its’ own benefits and drawbacks. While the co-discovery learning method was fast enough, it was expensive in terms of human resource. On the other hand think aloud protocol method was slow to perform but there was less human resource used. Both the usability methods found almost the same usability errors. / In this thesis work the primary objective was to figure out the limitations and capabilities of think aloud protocol and co-discovery learning methods in the context of ZOHO; a collaborative writing system. Apart from this the secondary objective of this thesis was to conduct the usability evaluation of ZOHO and to find out what makes ZOHO ineffective, inefficient and unsatisfactory. The authors carried out usability tests on ZOHO using the think aloud protocol and co-discovery learning methods. After the tests results’ analysis the effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction level of ZOHO was figured in section 7.2.1, 7.2.2 and 7.2.3 while the usability problems that make ZOHO ineffective, inefficient and unsatisfactory are discussed in section 7.2.4 of this thesis. Apart from the usability of ZOHO, the authors were also able to identify strong and weak points of the think aloud protocol and co-discovery learning methods when used for the usability evaluation of a collaborative writing system. They found that think aloud protocol testing is better if the evaluator is cost cautious or if he is looking for a detailed usability problems but does not cares about the time taken by the test. However if the evaluator cares about the test time and he cares less about the cost in terms of participants required for the test then he should use the co-discovery method for testing a collaborative writing system.

Peer response is a method which is widely used on higher levels of second-language learning in Sweden, such as universities. The approach is not used as much in upper secondary school; and, the aim of this paper is to investigate upper secondary students' opinions of the value of peer response. The aim is also to investigate if the teacher's grading differed between the first version of a text and the final vesrion that had been revised after peer response. Research has shown that there seems to be more negotiation of meaning when students are working collaboratively and this can lead to better revisions of written texts, especially in terms of content development. On the other hand, collaborative writing can also create anxiety in some students who therefore dislike peer response. This investigation has shown that students taking part in the investigation are generally positive towards the approach. They also believe that giving and receiving feedback can help them improve their writing. There are, however, a few students who dislike it and want the texts to be read only by the teacher. The investigation has also shown that students mainly focus on formal aspects such as spelling and grammar when giving feedback to each other, whereas content was rarely commented on. Moreover, the results have shown that many of the students' grades improved on the final version compared to the first version. In conclusion, this investigation indicates that peer response could be used as an alternative, or complement, to ordinary teacher-student feedback in upper secondary school.

Language teaching has several possibilities for support since there has been a wide variety of technologies present in the virtual learning environments. This study aims to provide participating students of Clube de Relações Internacionais Garança, in the Military School, a way to produce, collaboratively, texts in English that allow greater interaction, learning and autonomy during the development of the group activities. By using Educational Technology Network, it is possible to reach the needs of collaborative writing of students within the context in which they live. It is an action research, as this methodology produces an understanding of the school environment as it is considered emancipatory. Besides, it may produce changes in the pedagogical practices in the classroom. The product of this study is an infographic of How to Use GoogleDocs to improve collaborative writing. It was possible to identify that students are open to new experience of using technology in order to improve the writing process. Using an online tool as a mechanism to challenge students to write collaboratively enabled the rising of knowledge. Collaborative writing is not widely used in English classes, but the tool has proved to be a possibility of instigating the students to participate in the writing of his colleagues. / O ensino de línguas dispõe de inúmeras possibilidades de apoio, visto a grande variedade de tecnologias que acompanham os diversos ambientes de aprendizagem. O presente trabalho, realizado no Mestrado de Tecnologias Educacionais em Rede, na Linha de Pesquisa de Gestão de Tecnologias Educacionais em Rede, objetivou proporcionar aos alunos participantes do Clube de Relações Internacionais Garança, do Colégio Militar de Santa Maria, uma forma de produzir, colaborativamente, textos em língua inglesa que possibilitem maior interação, aprendizado e autonomia durante o desenvolvimento das atividades do grupo. Ao explorarmos a integração das tecnologias educacionais em rede, podemos atender às necessidades de produção colaborativa dos estudantes dentro do contexto em que estão inseridos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa-ação, visto que tal concepção produz uma compreensão do ambiente escolar por ser considerada emancipatória e que produz mudanças nas práticas pedagógicas. A presente pesquisa apresenta práticas implementadas com planos de alteração de outras já existentes, tendo como produto o Manual de utilização do GoogleDocs para a escrita colaborativa. Utilizar uma ferramenta online como mecanismo de desafiar os alunos a escreverem colaborativamente possibilitou a formação de conhecimento, por meio do recurso utilizado. A escrita colaborativa não é amplamente utilizada nas aulas de língua inglesa, mas a ferramenta mostrou-se como uma possibilidade de instigar os alunos a participarem da escrita dos colegas.

As part of the increasing use of technology in society, one particular school in Sweden follows the same path. The chosen school for this study has integrated digital tools such as laptops and a web service called Google Classroom. Within the service, there is an additional document creator called Google Docs which has several functions such as, storage, document creation, editing and commenting on texts and allowing instructors and peers to view the process in real-time (Slavkov, 2015; Wiles, 2015). The integration of Google Docs is of interest in this paper and the aim is to investigate its advantages for the feedback process and students’ collaborative work, and the possible disadvantages. The methodology in this study is a qualitative semi-structured interview with two upper secondary teachers in one school in Sweden. Both participants are experienced in using digital tools in their EFL teaching. Therefore, they help create further understanding and the pedagogical values of Google Docs. On the one hand, earlier studies promote Google Docs as an effective tool when it comes to managing and monitoring students’ work (Chu & Kennedy, 2010; Kessler et al. 2012), and the potential to improve student collaboration (Seyyedrezaie et al, 2016; Ishtaiwa & Aburezeq, 2015). Results show both teachers express that Google Docs is flexible and easy to use and share similar views regarding the facilitation of the writing process and feedback process. Likewise, in terms of students’ collaborative work. On the other hand, both teachers express similar concerns regarding the feedback process. The students would often rather know the final grade for their assignment rather than follow up on the formative feedback. Also, there are concerns that during collaborative work the students with higher L2 proficiency tend to have more workload than the others and end up teaching the lower proficiency level students’ important information that they should have listened to. The results imply that teachers need further guidance on teaching methodology, strategies for formative assessment follow up and organization of groups within classes when working with Google Docs.

A growing number of studies has shown that collaborative writing tasks facilitate second language (L2) development by providing learners with opportunities to focus their attention on language and to collaborate in the solution of their language-related problems (e.g., Choi & Iwashita, 2016; Storch, 2013; Swain & Lapkin, 1998; Williams, 2012). However, most of these studies have focused almost exclusively on L2 learners, and particularly on English as a second language learners. In an effort to address this gap and drawing from a sociocultural framework, this study investigated the interactions of Spanish heritage language (HL) learners and Spanish L2 learners enrolled in the same class. Twenty-four intermediate-level learners of Spanish, organized in four HL-HL, four HL-L2, and four L2-L2 dyads, participated in the study. As part of their regular class work, they completed four collaborative writing tasks in pairs. Participants were also asked to individually complete a pretest and two posttests. The tasks and tests were intended to elicit the present subjunctive in nominal and adjectival clauses. The interactions between each pair were recorded and coded for the nature of the relationships the learners formed (Storch, 2002) and the quantity and quality of learners’ deliberations about language choice, using Language Related Episodes (LREs) (Swain & Lapkin, 1998) as units of analysis. Results showed that the most common type of patterns of interaction the learners developed was collaboration. Moreover, three pairs displayed a dominant/passive pattern of interaction and two pairs an expert/novice pattern. Results also indicated that overall, participants produced slightly more LREs focused on form than LREs focused on lexis. Furthermore, results showed that whereas all pairs produced morphosyntactic LREs, they were more frequent in HL-L2 dyads. Lexical LREs occurred more often in L2-L2 dyads, and orthographic LREs occurred only in HL-HL dyads. With regards to learning gains, results revealed that six participants obtained high scores in all tests and did not show a score change from pretest to delayed posttest. Five of these participants were identified as HL learners. However, data also showed that 16 participants scored higher on their delayed posttest than they did on their pretest. Overall, considering that most dyads developed a collaborative pattern of interaction and achieved learning gains after task-based interaction, the data suggest that despite the differences in linguistic and cultural backgrounds, learners in mixed and matched pairs provided assistance to one another and produced LREs associated with the target structure. These findings have important pedagogical implications and thus, future studies need to investigate the best practices for teaching HL and L2 learners simultaneously and the types of tasks that encourage collaboration. / Spanish

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:23:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sergio Miguel Gartner Pais de Oliveira.pdf: 3625928 bytes, checksum: 1b2f05e41d09488d59d288948302155a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research aims at describing and interpreting the collaborative writing in English (understood as a human experience phenomenon) developed by 9th grade students of a private Elementary School in Belo Horizonte (MG), from the complex thought perspective. The research involves the accomplishment of two writing assignments undertaken on the Google Docs plataform which uses Web 2.0 resources and whose goals were to motivate group work, practise writing skills in EFL, develop creativity, reflection, discussion and problem solving. The texts used for the interpretation of the phenomenon were collected from four online questionnaires. Records and comments written on students' work also served as textual material to understand the nature of the phenomenon studied. This research is primarily based on Morin`s notion of Complex Thought (1990, 2009, 2010) which can be understood as an open, inclusive and flexible thinking that sets a new look at the world, trying to understand the constant changes of the real world. The new paradigm dialogues with the opposite, with multiplicity, randomness, and uncertainty. Grounded on Complexity as the starting point, other theoretical components are also used to help the investigation, considering collaborative writing in teaching L2, procedural writing models, digital context of Web 2.0 and collaborative learning. These constructs interact with each other and are important for understanding the context of the research, as well as its characteristics and uniqueness. To conduct this research, a qualitative methodology is adopted, specifically, the Hermeneutic- Phenomenological Approach, according to Freire‟s (1998, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2012) and van Manen`s (1990) perspectives. This study reveals that the collaborative writing in digital context is structured around three comprehensive themes environment, interaction, tasks which are subdivided in subthemes that unveil the nature of the phenomenon under investigation. Based on the research undertaken it is possible to assert that collaborative writing in the digital environment can lead to new paths to a theory of writing in L2, engendering collaborative projects focused on writing in a foreign language. This study demonstrates that learners can develop communication and cooperation skills, as well as the development of critical thinking when there is a conducive learning environment for interaction / Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo descrever e interpretar a escrita colaborativa em inglês (entendida como fenômeno da experiência humana) desenvolvida em ambiente on-line, por alunos de um 9o ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma instituição privada de Belo Horizonte (MG), sob a ótica do Pensamento Complexo. O estudo envolve a realização de duas tarefas de escrita em língua inglesa realizada por grupos de alunos na plataforma Google Docs, que utiliza recursos da tecnologia web 2.0, as quais visavam motivar o trabalho em grupo, exercitar a habilidade de escrita em língua inglesa de forma colaborativa, promover a criatividade, reflexão, discussão e resolução de problemas. Os textos utilizados para a interpretação do fenômeno foram coletados de quatro questionários on-line. Os registros e comentários feitos nos próprios trabalhos dos alunos serviram, também, como material textual para entender a natureza do fenômeno estudado. A realização deste estudo baseia-se no pensamento complexo de Morin (1990, 2009, 2010), que pode ser entendido como um pensamento aberto, abrangente e flexível que configura em um novo olhar sobre o mundo, procurando entender as mudanças constantes do mundo real. O novo paradigma dialoga com os opostos, com a multiplicidade, a imprevisibilidade e as incertezas. Partindo do referencial da Complexidade, agrega-se ao estudo de componentes teóricos sobre a escrita colaborativa no ensino de L2, modelos de escrita processual, contexto digital da web 2.0 e aprendizagem colaborativa. Esses construtos dialogam entre si e são importantes para se compreender o contexto da pesquisa, sua característica e singularidade. Para realizar esta investigação, adota-se a metodologia de cunho qualitativa; especificamente, a abordagem hermenêuticofenomenológica, a partir da visão de Freire (1998, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2012) e van Manen (1990). Este estudo revela que a escrita colaborativa em contexto digital se estrutura em torno de três grandes temas ambiente, interação, tarefas os quais se subdividem em subtemas que, assim, revelam a natureza do fenômeno investigado. Com base na pesquisa realizada pode-se afirmar que a escrita colaborativa no meio digital pode trazer novos caminhos para a(s) teoria(s) de escrita em L2 e para o engendramento de projetos colaborativos com foco na escrita em língua estrangeira. Este estudo demonstra que aprendizes podem desenvolver capacidades de comunicação e cooperação com ajuda da tecnologia, bem como o desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico quando há um ambiente de aprendizagem propício para a interação

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:23:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana Siqueira Rosseto Salotti.pdf: 2748983 bytes, checksum: af7ac29dbf58100ad95baf0094f7cb7f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-08 / In this research, we aim at describing and understanding negotiation in collaborative writing process in order to produce a blog for a Spanish as a foreign language hybrid course. Theoretically, this study is based on Morin (2004, 2005 e 2010) and Moraes (2008) complexity, and on Santa-Cecilia (1996) and Donnino, Platero and Weigel (2013) mainly in teaching Spanish in Brazil, on among others, Zamel (1992) and Lerner (2002), who describe writing and collaborative writing and others. It is also based on Moraes (2008) and Valentini and Fagundes (2005) concept of negotiation. 9th grade students from a private school inland São Paulo state took part of this study. Besides their regular Spanish classes, they took a hybrid (on line and face-to-face) course which is the object of this study. The texts analyzed here were produced during this extra course. Students had to choose films as subject for the blog to be created by them, so discussions on those texts took place on Moodle and WhatsApp and reflections were written on Moddle s diary. Concerning methodology, we used Ricoeur (1986/2002), van Manen (1990) and Freire (2010/2012a) hermeneutic phenomenology approach. Our investigation showed that the focused phenomenon is built from the topics in the Forum: call, organization and teasing; in WhatsApp: agreement, trick, organization, teasing and complaining; and in the Diary: finding, expectation, anger and prudence. Each tool had its own progress and ramifications / Nesta pesquisa, objetivo descrever e interpretar, o fenômeno negociação no processo de escrita colaborativa para a produção de um blog em um curso semipresencial de Espanhol LE. Teoricamente, este estudo se fundamenta na complexidade pano de fundo para esta tese, a partir de Morin (2004, 2005 e 2010) e Moraes (2008), principalmente; no ensino de Espanhol no Brasil, com base em Santa-Cecilia (1996) e Donnino, Platero e Weigel (2013), entre outros; nos conceitos de escrita e escrita colaborativa, apoiada em Zamel (1992) e Lerner (2002), entre outros e na noção de negociação, a partir de Moraes (2008) e Valentini e Fagundes (2005). Participam do estudo alunos do nono ano do Ensino Fundamental II de uma escola particular do interior do estado de São Paulo que, além das aulas de Espanhol LE da matriz curricular, fizeram o curso semipresencial, objeto do presente estudo. Os textos que interpreto foram gerados no curso semipresencial que, para a escolha de filmes como assunto do blog a ser criado e elaborado pelos participantes, centralizou discussões no Fórum da plataforma Moodle e no WhatsApp, além de reflexões feitas no Diário, na referida plataforma. Metodologicamente, este estudo se orienta pela abordagem hermenêutico-fenomenológica, com base em Ricoeur (1986/2002), van Manen (1990) e Freire (2010/2012a). A investigação realizada revela que o fenômeno em foco se constitui, no Fórum a partir dos temas: chamado, organização e provocação; no WhatsApp a partir dos temas: acordo, artimanha, organização, provocação e reclamação e no Diário a partir dos temas constatação, expectativa, irritação e prudência, cada um dos instrumentos com seus desdobramentos

My dissertation explores the history, pedagogy, and practice of peer review in academia and in the workplace, so that I could suggest strategies for improving peer review in the contemporary corporation. Several scholars have studied collaborative writing—of which peer review is just one type—but few have specifically and thoroughly treated the subject of peer review. I surveyed the technical writers in my organization as well as other local writers about their thoughts on peer review. For improving peer review in the workplace, two predominant themes emerged: improve the corporate culture and assign a manager to the process. Therefore, I explore how to create a sense of community in the organization, and I propose a leader of the peer review process—the technical editor. My final chapter discusses the pedagogical implications of my study, and includes suggestions for preparing technical communication students (i.e., technicaleditors) for such a leadership role in the workplace.

Rhetoricians have long been interested in public policy discourse. However, studies have yet to apply the micro-lens of writing process to this context. One consequence is that, while studies of policy discourse point to the complexity of this area, they do not investigate the writing behaviors this complexity inspires. Secondly, while studies of writing process in other areas of rhetoric allow us to theorize process, our theories are typically based on more structured writing environments—such as the classroom, academic discipline, and professional workplace. As a consequence, we know less about invention and other writing processes in more unpredictable, explicitly contested settings. To address these gaps, this dissertation presents a process-based case study of collaborative writing within the context of policy and legal discourse. The case study tracks the year-long work of a group of advocates who attempted to establish Domestic Partner Benefits (DPB) at a large public university. Due to legal restrictions, the writers could not assume a clear authority as they attempted to write a policy proposal together. In meetings in which they invented ideas, a prominent behavior emerged in their talk, what this dissertation refers to as role-play work. Role-play work is a theory of rhetorical invention in which writers propose roles for themselves and their audiences, develop arguments from within those roles, and try to identify how they might be recognized or misrecognized as a consequence of assuming roles. Tracing patterns in the writers’ talk, this dissertation describes role-play work at three critical junctures: in the early stages, when the group lacks legal resources, during a tumultuous hunger strike in which the institution delivers its interpretation of the law, and during the group’s later writing process, when the group has a working understanding of a legal argument they can propose. This dissertation analyzes how writers use role-play to engage authoritative discourse that manifests at each stage: first, to imaginatively co-construct what might be authoritative, next, to confront authority-as-articulated, and finally, to understand the nuance of a potentially authoritative argument. Findings presented in this dissertation may be relevant to scholarship in professional and technical communication, collaborative writing and invention, writing process research, policy discourse, discourse analysis, and queer studies. / text