Este pesquisa propõe-se a investigar como adolescentes brasileiros, estudantes de língua inglesa, participam e realizam uma atividade de escrita coletiva de um texto teatral em língua inglesa em ambiente digital. Os pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos baseiam-se na teoria sócio-histórica de Vygotsky, na qual se destacam a noção de zona de desenvolvimento proximal e o desenvolvimento de processos psicológicos superiores. A metodologia é qualitativa de estudo de caso. Os dados foram gerados a partir do projeto Drama Club Webwriters desenvolvido nas aulas de Língua Inglesa do Colégio de Aplicação da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Os participantes são oito alunos do primeiro ano do Ensino Médio divididos em quatro díades que, após a leitura de uma obra adaptada em inglês, a discutem e adaptam a história a um roteiro de peça teatral através do ambiente virtual de aprendizagem ALED (www.ufrgs.br/aled) e o editor de texto colaborativo EquiText (http://equitext.pgie.ufrgs.br). Os resultados apontam a atividade de escrita coletiva de texto teatral em ambiente virtual de aprendizagem como uma nova proposta pedagógica de abordagem processual. A atividade de escrita coletiva com o suporte de um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem propicia a interação entre pares de maior e menor conhecimento de língua inglesa, os quais têm favorecida a aprendizagem e o desenvolvimento cognitivo ao assumirem uma postura cooperativa. Por fim, considera-se o uso da metafala nas interações entre pares como um indício do processo de aprendizagem. Os dados indicam que o uso da metafala deve ser estimulado nas interações entre pares durante a escrita coletiva em ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem, que são vistas como momentos significativos para a construção de conhecimento e encontram na diversidade um fator determinante para o desenvolvimento cognitivo. / This research proposes the investigation of how Brazilian adolescents, English students as a foreign language in a public school, participate and carry out a collaborative writing of a play in English language in a digital environment. Theoretical and methodological references are based on the Vygotsky´s theory, especially its notion of zone of proximal development and the development of higher psychological processes. Data have been generated from the project Drama Club Webwriters developed in English classes at Colégio de Aplicação of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Participants are eight pupils in the first year of high school. Divided in pairs and after having read an adapted version in English, they discuss and adapt it into a play script by using the virtual learning environment ALED (www.ufrgs.br/aled) and the collaborative text editor EquiText (http://equitext.pgie.ufrgs.br). Results show that collaborative writing of a play through a digital environment can be seen as a new pedagogical process approach to writing. Collaborative writing supported by a digital environment allows interaction between less and more knowledgeable English learners, who by assuming a cooperative position, may enhance learning and so may develop higher psychological processes. Finally, the presence of metatalk in pair interactions can be considered as an indication of the learning process. Data also suggest metatalk must be stimulated in pair interactions during the collaborative writing through digital environments for those represent meaningful moments for knowledge construction. Diversity in pair interactions is seen as a determinant aspect of for cognitive development.

L'objectiu de la recerca és mostrar com, mitjançant l'escriptura col·laborativa, elsestudiants de filosofia de 1r de Batxillerat aprenen a desenvolupar les competènciesfilosòfiques de problematitzar, conceptualitzar i argumentar, les quals hem anomenat"veu filosòfica".És un estudi descriptiu i exploratori, amb un disseny d'anàlisi de cas que combina lesmetodologies quantitativa i qualitativa. Se situa en el context natural de l'aula.Aquest context s'ha organitzat com a comunitat d'aprenentatge i pretén esdevenir uncontext dialògic i multivocal combinant la interacció entre iguals i l'ensenyament del'escriptura per elaborar textos argumentatius filosòfics.L'estudi analitza, d'una banda, la qualitat filosòfica dels textos individuals i conjuntselaborats per quatre equips al llarg de la intervenció (curs 08-09), i d'altra banda, laqualitat filosòfica dels processos d'escriptura col·laborativa de dos equips en cincsessions per publicar un text filosòfic a la revista de l'institut. Per últim, també analitzales percepcions pel que fa al context d'ensenyament i d'aprenentatge dels 48 estudiants iel professor que han participat en la intervenció.Els resultats mostren que hi ha millores en la qualitat filosòfica dels escrits delsestudiants, especialment els individuals. Quant a l'anàlisi de la qualitat filosòfica delsprocessos d'escriptura col·laborativa, s'observen les dificultats dels estudiants perpassar del nivell abstracte al concret i com l'escriptura col·laborativa permet concretar ireformular les idees per construir coneixement en l'àmbit de la filosofia. Per últim, lespercepcions dels estudiants i del professor aporten valoracions positives que reforcenaquest context educatiu i a la vegada elements per millorar-lo. / El objetivo de la investigación es mostrar cómo, mediante la escritura colaborativa,los estudiantes de filosofía de 1º de Bachillerato aprenden a desarrollar las competenciasfilosóficas de problematizar, conceptualizar, y argumentar, que hemos llamado como"voz filosófica".Es un estudio descriptivo y exploratorio basado en un diseño de análisis de caso quecombina metodología cuantitativa y cualitativa. Se sitúa en el contexto natural del aula.Este contexto se ha organizado como comunidad de aprendizaje y pretende potenciarun contexto dialógico y multivocal combinando la interacción entre iguales y laenseñanza de la escritura para elaborar textos argumentativos filosóficos.El estudio analiza por un lado, la calidad filosófica de los textos individuales yconjuntos elaborados por cuatro equipos a lo largo de la intervención (curso 08-09), ypor otro lado, la calidad filosófica de los procesos de escritura colaborativa de dosequipos a lo largo de cinco sesiones para publicar un texto filosófico en la revista delinstituto. Por último, el estudio también analiza las percepciones respecto al contexto deenseñanza y de aprendizaje de los 48 estudiantes y el profesor que han participado en laintervención.Los resultados muestran que hay mejoras en la calidad filosófica de los escritos delos estudiantes, especialmente los individuales. En el análisis de la calidad filosófica delos procesos de escritura colaborativa, se observan las dificultades de los estudiantespara pasar del nivel abstracto al concreto y cómo la escritura colaborativa permiteconcretar y reformular las ideas para construir conocimiento en el ámbito de la filosofía.Por último, las percepciones de los estudiantes y del profesor aportan valoracionespositivas que refuerzan este contexto educativo y a la vez elementos para mejorarlo. / The aim of this research is to study how through collaborative writing philosophystudents in High School learn to develop philosophical skills (to ask questions, toconceptualize, and to argue). These skills we have termed as "philosophical voice."It is a descriptive and exploratory study based on case analysis. It combinesquantitative and qualitative methodology and it is situated in the natural classroomcontext.This educational setting is organized as a community of learning and aims topromote a dialogic and multivocal educational context through the combination of peerinteraction and the teaching of writing to develop philosophical argumentative texts.The study analyzes one the one hand, philosophical quality of individual and grouptexts elaborated by four teams over the academic course intervention. On the otherhand, it analyzes the collaborative writing process quality of two teams over fivesessions to publish a philosophical text in the High School's Journal. Finally, the studyalso examines the perceptions of the learning context of 48 students and a teacher whoparticipated in the intervention.The results show, first, that there are improvements in the quality of thephilosophical writings of the students, especially the individual text. Moreover, theanalysis of the collaborative writing process show the students' difficulties in movingfrom abstract to concrete level and how writing can helps to reformulate the ideas intopractice and to build knowledge in the field of Philosophy. Finally, perceptions ofstudents and teacher provide positive feedback to reinforce the educational context and,at the same time, elements for his improvement.

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la presencia que tiene la destreza de la expresión escrita en los manuales de español como lengua extranjera destinados a un público adulto de nivel básico, más concretamente de nivel A2. Asimismo, pretende observar qué tratamiento se hace de dos aspectos relacionados con la composición escrita: los géneros discursivos y los procesos de escritura. Para ello, recogemos datos a partir de una plantilla de análisis que aplicamos a cinco manuales de diferentes editoriales españolas publicados después de 2006. En esta recogida de datos destaca de la alta presencia de actividades de expresión escrita en los manuales. En relación a los géneros discursivos, los manuales dan importancia al trabajo explícito de los aspectos analizados para el presente trabajo: contexto comunicativo, destinatario y propósito. Sin embargo, notamos una presencia baja de textos que sirvan como modelo a los estudiantes a la hora de realizar sus producciones textuales y es prácticamente inexistente la reflexión acerca de la estructura y características de los modelos. En cuanto a los procesos de escritura, el proceso de textualización es el que tiene más presencia en los cinco manuales analizados, mientras que la planificación y la revisión quedan relegadas a un segundo plano con una ocurrencia más baja. En la misma línea, destacamos la poca relevancia dada a la revisión, especialmente la retroalimentación entre pares. A partir de los resultados obtenidos y basada en un enfoque ecléctico de la didáctica de la expresión escrita, presentamos una propuesta didáctica pensada para el nivel A2 en la que se combina el trabajo explícito del género discursivo con los procesos de escritura, así como fomenta la escritura colaborativa. / This paper aims to analyse the presence of written expression activities in Spanish as a Foreign Language textbooks designed for adults in a pre-intermediate level (A2). Moreover, the purpose is to examine the approach which is used in relation to two key aspects of the written composition: the discourse genres and the writing process. With this objective, we compile data using an analysis template that is completed with information from five textbooks from different Spanish publishers after 2006. According to the data collection, there is a prolific presence of written expression activities in the analysed textbooks. Regarding the genres of discourse, the textbooks place relevance to the explicit practice of the following aspects: the communicative context, the audience and the purpose. However, a low presence of model texts for the students to use for their own compositions is also noted, as well as a virtually non-existent reflection of the model texts' structure and characteristics. As far as the writing process is concerned, the textualization is the process with more presence in the analysed textbooks, whereas planning and reviewing are marginalised with a lower occurrence. To the same extent, we would like to emphasize the low relevance of revision, especially that among peers. Taking into account the results and based an eclectic approach to the teaching of written expression, we present a teaching proposal for an A2 level in which the discourse genre and the writing process are dealt with explicitly, as well as we intend to encourage collaborative writing.

La collaboration entre les professionnels de la santé s’avère être nécessaire pour faire face au vieillissement de la population, à la prévalence des maladies chroniques et à la pénurie de personnel chez certaines professions de la santé (OMS, 2010). De plus, pour favoriser une collaboration optimale et offrir des soins de qualité, des équipes choisissent désormais d’adopter une approche de soins en partenariat patient où la collaboration interprofessionnelle se déroule en valorisant les savoirs expérientiels du patient à l’égard de la vie avec la maladie et en l’intégrant dans l’équipe de soins. L’Université de Montréal (UdeM) offre une formation à l’éducation à la collaboration interprofessionnelle (EIP) visant à enseigner des compétences de la pratique collaborative en sciences de la santé et en sciences psychosociales en partenariat avec le patient. L’EIP est confrontée à divers défis, entre autres, de logistique, de communication et de cloisonnement des professions. Pour surmonter ces obstacles, l’UdeM s’est donc tournée vers le numérique afin de permettre à des équipes interprofessionnelles d’étudiants de collaborer en ligne et en présentiel. Cette étude s’intéresse donc à décrire comment les étudiants réunis en équipe interprofessionnelle collaborent dans le contexte du cours hybride de Collaboration en sciences de la santé (CSS) en partenariat avec le patient offert par l’UdeM. Nous décrivons comment les étudiants collaborent en ligne et en présentiel et nous identifions les compétences du référentiel de compétences mobilisées. Notre étude propose un cadre conceptuel basé sur l’apprentissage collaboratif en mode hybride (en ligne et en présentiel) de l’EIP composé 1) du modèle de Chiocchio, Grenier, O’Neill, Savaria et Willms (2012) permettant de décrire comment les équipes d’étudiants mobilisent les dimensions de la collaboration (communication, synchronisation, coordination implicite et explicite); 2) du référentiel de compétences de la pratique collaborative et de partenariat patient en santé et services sociaux (Direction collaboration partenariat patient [DCPP] et Comité interfacultaire opérationnel l’Université de Montréal [CIO-UdeM], 2016) et 3) de la typologie du travail interprofessionnel de Xyrichis, Reeves, Zwarenstein (2018). 18 Notre étude emploie une méthodologie mixte convergente. Nous avons mené cette étude auprès d’une cohorte de 1435 étudiants de deuxième année de baccalauréat dans le cadre du cours CSS2900 provenant de treize programmes à l’UdeM. Ce cours se divise en trois volets: 1) formation en ligne 2) activité intraprogramme, 3) atelier interprofessionnel en présentiel coanimé par un professionnel de la santé et un patient formateur. Premièrement, nous avons analysé le Journal de bord collaboratif (JBC) de douze équipes interprofessionnelles d’étudiants (n=60), soit un corpus de cette cohorte. Deuxièmement, nous avons partagé un questionnaire La collaboration en équipes interprofessionnelles à la cohorte à la fin du cours et celui-ci a été répondu par 321 participants. Les résultats indiquent que les participants de l’étude ont majoritairement et similairement mobilisé les dimensions de la collaboration. La communication et la coordination seraient tributaires de la synchronisation lorsque la collaboration se déroule en ligne. L’usage des médias sociaux et d’un outil d’écriture collaborative en ligne auraient favorisé la collaboration en mode hybride. En présentiel, le patient partenaire coanimateur a soutenu des équipes pour faire le point sur leurs apprentissages et ainsi développer des compétences du référentiel du cours CSS2900. Le contexte de l’étude en mode hybride permet aux équipes de collaborer sur une longue période, à la manière d’une classe inversée (figure 29). Ceci favoriserait le développement des compétences du référentiel (DCPP et CIO-UdeM) et le décloisonnement des professions. Les contextes d’apprentissage où les pratiques des compétences effectives ont été mobilisées semblent se rapprocher du réseautage interprofessionnel et de la collaboration consultative de la typologie de Xyrichis et coll. (2018). / Collaboration among health professionals is required to contend with population aging, the prevalence of chronic illnesses, and staff shortages in certain health professions (WHO, 2010). As well, to foster optimal collaboration and provide good quality of care, some teams are now adopting a patient partnership approach in which the patient’s experiential knowledge of living with illness is valued as part of the interprofessional collaboration and the patient is integrated into the healthcare team. The Université de Montréal (UdeM) offers a program in interprofessional collaboration education (IPE) geared towards teaching the competencies required for collaborative practice in both health sciences and psychosocial sciences in partnership with patients. The IPE is confronted with a variety of challenges related to logistics, communication, and the compartmentalization of professions, among others. To overcome these obstacles, the UdeM has turned to digital technology to help interprofessional teams of students to collaborate online and in person. This study focused on describing how students in interprofessional teams collaborate in the hybrid course entitled Health Sciences Collaboration in Partnership with Patients, offered by the UdeM. We describe how students collaborate online and in the classroom, and we identify the competencies in the competency framework used. Our study proposes a conceptual framework based on the IPE’s hybrid (online and in person) collaborative learning model, which we constructed using: 1) the model of Chiocchio, Grenier, O’Neill, Savaria, and Willms (2012), to describe how the student teams collaborate and used dimensions of collaboration (communication, synchronisation, explicit and implicit coordination) ; 2) the competency framework for collaborative practice and patient partnership in health and social services (Direction collaboration et partenariat patient [DCPP] and Comité interfacultaire opérationnel de formation à la collaboration, l’Université de Montréal [CIO-UdeM], 2016); and 3) the interprofessional work typology of Xyrichis, Reeves, and Zwarenstein (2018). Our study used a convergent mixed methodology. We conducted this study with a cohort of 1,435 second-year undergraduate students in course CSS2900 coming from 13 20 different UdeM programs. This course is divided in three parts: 1) online training 2) intra- program activity, 3) interprofessional workshop coanimated by a health professional and patient-partner facilitator in classroom. First, we analyzed the online collaboration journal (OCJ) of 12 interprofessional student teams (n = 60). Second, we distributed a questionnaire on Collaboration in Interprofessional Teams to the entire cohort at the end of the course, to which 321 participants responded. The results show that the majority of study participants used the dimensions of collaboration in a similar manner online and in person. Communication and coordination were dependent on synchronization when collaboration occurred online. The use of both social media and an online collaborative writing tool fostered collaboration in hybrid mode. In the classroom, the patient-partner co-facilitator supported the teams as they reviewed their learning (coordination) and, in this way, developed the competencies of the framework for course CSS2900. Under the hybrid study model, the teams were able to collaborate over an extended period, similar to a flipped classroom approach (Figure 29). This fostered development of the framework competencies (DCPP and CIO-UdeM) and helped break down professional boundaries. The learning contexts in which effective competency practices were mobilized appeared analogous to the interprofessional networking and consultative collaboration categories in the typology of Xyrichis et al. (2018).