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The work of Humanities & Social Sciences students involves learning to express disciplinary content in essay assessment to disciplinary norms. Though tutors use a genre for professional writing, literacy is often not part of the classroom discussion. Therefore, many students have difficulty appropriating the communicative tools of that disciplinary genre. This may be solved by a turn in pedagogy towards tutors’ awareness of students’ processes (Hornsby & Osman, 2014) which may, in turn, improve tutors’ feedback. Ethnography has provided insights into students’ attitudes, their impressions of feedback and experiences, largely through interview methods, and classroom observation (Saville-Troike, 1989), but assessment writing does not typically occur in class. What was needed was a closer examination of students’ literacy processes. This study looked at literacy work through Activity Theory (Leont’ev, 1978) which represents human activity as a contextualised system where a group works together towards an object. Group collaboration allows for concepts to be negotiated and for interpretations to be shared, which can aid understanding (Mercer, 1995). This cross-sectional study examined three L2-English Business Studies student groups’ collaborative writing with observation of activity as its primary instrument for capturing student literacy work. Using an Educational Talk framework (Mercer, 1995) to examine the qualities of negotiation, this study offers a new understanding of students’ processes of literacy work and their possible effect on literacy appropriation. The results showed how the task and other structural tensions drive literacy work, and how the particular attributes of Educational Talk, in a tertiary context, contribute to the negotiation of meaning in the resolution of tensions. It also showed how literacy work involves the inter-mingling of textual work, subject content (Tardy, 2006, 2009) and contextual factors. These indicate the importance of group literacy activity for students, and the importance of understanding group discussions involving literacy work.

Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-06-30T23:44:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 61.pdf: 2018457 bytes, checksum: 87659d40c85f1ff3eb089013f6de00d0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-30T23:44:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 61.pdf: 2018457 bytes, checksum: 87659d40c85f1ff3eb089013f6de00d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-10 / Nenhuma / Partindo dos pressupostos da teoria sociocultural de L. Vygotsky (1986,1998) e de diversos estudos sobre escrita colaborativa em ambiente digital e erro, esta pesquisa tem como propósito discutir e refletir sobre a escrita colaborativa em língua inglesa quando esta se dá em uma ferramenta digital. Também investiga-se como acontece o processo de edição textual entre os alunos durante a escrita. Considerou-se, ainda, como o feedback negociado do professor pode contribuir para o aprimoramento da produção. Tendo como ponto de partida duas tarefas colaborativas, quatro alunos de um curso livre de língua inglesa, divididos em duplas e frequentando o nível intermediário I, realizaram, em meio virtual, a co-construção de textos. A partir de uma pesquisa qualitativa de estudo de caso, foram considerados para fins de análise as interações no fórum, as alterações armazenadas no histórico, o feedback do professor sobre as produções dos alunos, bem como a visão dos participantes sobre o trabalho desenvolvido. Os dados sugerem que a escrita colaborativa em ferramenta digital fomenta a participação do aluno, gerando oportunidades de construção conjunta de conhecimento através da interação social e do uso da língua antes e durante o processo de escrita. Quanto ao processo de feedback, encontramos evidências de que este, quando negociado entre professor e aluno, contribui para que ele chegue à forma correta com maior consciência sobre o erro, o que poderá possibilitar a utilização adequada da forma em produções futuras. / Based on the assumptions of L. Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory (1986, 1998) and several studies on collaborative writing in digital environment and error, this research aims to discuss and think over collaborative writing in English when this process is developed by using a digital tool. It also investigates how the process of editing text among students takes place during the development of the written assignments. The present study also considered how teacher's negotiated feedback may contribute to the improvement of students’ production. The research starts by evaluating two collaborative tasks, performed by four students from a free course in English, divided into pairs and attending the intermediate I level. The tasks were carried out in a virtual environment, where students had to construct texts collaboratively. This research is a case study which uses a qualitative method analysis. The interactions in the forum among students, the changes stored in the history tool, the teacher’s feedback on students' productions, as well as the views of the participants about their work were considered for this investigation. The data suggest that collaborative writing using a digital tool fosters student participation, creating opportunities for collaborative construction of knowledge through social interaction and also promotes the use of the target language more effectively before and during the writing process. As for the teacher’s feedback, this research finds that, when it is negotiated between the teacher and the student, it brings higher level of recognition to the learner to reach the correct form with greater awareness about the error, which may allow the use of a proper form in future productions.

Collaborative work in pairs or groups is a common practice in the workplace, in content courses, and in classrooms across languages, settings, and geopolitical boundaries. However, research on collaborative writing—working with a partner to jointly produce a text, including both planning and writing phases—is limited. In addition, it has resulted in contradictory findings, especially in terms of whether learners deliberate about language and how the composition process affects the written texts produced learners produce. The present study, carried out in a fifth-semester university Spanish Writing course, examines the process (i.e., interaction) and product (i.e., written document) of a collaborative writing module that focused on the creation of narratives. The analysis of learners’ collaborative dialogue produced during the planning and writing phases of the interaction focuses on: (1) at a macro level, how learners apportion their time while collaboratively planning and producing a written narrative (e.g., planning, formulating, revising); and (2) at a micro level, the types (e.g., discourse, grammatical, lexical, mechanical), frequency, and resolution (e.g., resolved, unresolved, resolved incorrectly) of their language-related episodes (i.e., the instances where they talk about the language they are producing and question their language use). Learners’ jointly produced texts were examined analytically in terms of complexity, fluency, and accuracy measures, as well as holistically using a rubric. Additionally, a microdiscourse analytic approach was used to examine the means by which members of a collaborative pair position themselves as partners in a collaborative writing activity. Results indicate that a fully collaborative writing event is a productive site for co- constructed learning as students pool their knowledge to solve language-use problems, particularly those related to word choice and grammatical structures. Additionally, the texts composed collaboratively are of higher quality, based on several of the measures utilized, than texts composed individually by members of the collaborative pair. Finally, implications for implementing collaborative writing tasks in L2 classrooms are discussed.

<p>Peer response is a method which is widely used on higher levels of second-language learning in Sweden, such as universities. The approach is not used as much in upper secondary school; and, the aim of this paper is to investigate upper secondary students' opinions of the value of peer response. The aim is also to investigate if the teacher's grading differed between the first version of a text and the final vesrion that had been revised after peer response.</p><p>Research has shown that there seems to be more negotiation of meaning when students are working collaboratively and this can lead to better revisions of written texts, especially in terms of content development. On the other hand, collaborative writing can also create anxiety in some students who therefore dislike peer response. This investigation has shown that students taking part in the investigation are generally positive towards the approach. They also believe that giving and receiving feedback can help them improve their writing. There are, however, a few students who dislike it and want the texts to be read only by the teacher. The investigation has also shown that students mainly focus on formal aspects such as spelling and grammar when giving feedback to each other, whereas content was rarely commented on. Moreover, the results have shown that many of the students' grades improved on the final version compared to the first version. In conclusion, this investigation indicates that peer response could be used as an alternative, or complement, to ordinary teacher-student feedback in upper secondary school.</p>

The study, using a within-group design with eighteen adult high-beginner Chinese L2 learners, investigated the effects of peer review and co-writing on writing in Chinese-as-a-foreign language. Three writing conditions (peer review, co-writing, and individual writing) and three narrative writing topics were counterbalanced for the collection of data, including forty-five writing products, seventy-two questionnaires, videorecorded screen activities and interactions. The research has three main aims: (a) to investigate the effects of peer review and co-writing on writing with respect to fluency, complexity, and accuracy, (b) to explore the nature of verbal interactions during peer review and co-writing, and (c) to investigate students’ perceptions of the three writing activities. With regard to writing performance, the research found no statistically significant differences in measures of fluency and complexity. However, peer review and co-writing resulted in significantly more accurate writing than individual writing, but no difference was observed in the two collaborative writing activities. The analysis of verbal interactions indicated that (1) there were significantly more on-task episodes in peer review than in co-writing; (2) there were significantly more language-related episodes (LREs) and content-related episodes in peer review than in co-writing, while there were significantly more idea-related episodes and text-assessing episodes in co-writing than in peer review; (3) students paid significantly more attention to LRE-lexis and LRE-grammar in peer review than in co-writing, and the differences were mainly observed in discussions on word meanings, verb forms, word usage, and sentence/phrase meanings; and (4) there were also significantly more spelling episodes in peer review than in co-writing. Concerning students’ perceptions, although students tended to prefer co-writing to peer review and peer review to individual writing, they held competing attitudes toward the three activities and believed each of the three had their own strengths, which could not be replaced by the advantages of the other. The findings suggest that peer review, co-writing, and individual writing play different roles in Chinese L2 learners’ development of writing skills, as measured by a range of linguistic indices and as revealed by students’ evaluations. Thus, they are all important because they direct learners to different aspects of their language development. / Graduate

Abstract This study discusses what 7th grade pupils tell about their writing in a cross-curricular project. The aim is to open up pupils’ points of view about writing at school. The participants of the study were 11 boys and 15 girls who had started a music class in upper comprehensive school. The material of this study comprises essays and learning diaries produced by the participants, as well as individual and group interviews of the participants. The study takes a narrative approach in both theoretical and methodological questions when trying to interpret and understand how the pupils see writing from their point of view. Collaborative writing is based on narrative starting points, so that by the narrative process one can learn new things and produce more comprehensive stories. The multidimensional examination of the material is based on narrative analysis, combining both thematic and linguistic analyses. The results indicate that the pupils’ narration expresses different kinds of conceptions of writing. Besides the traditional and creative conceptions of writing, writing is also seen as social action. The participants’ development as writers seems to be significant when they express the goals of their writing. The challenges of writing are mainly associated with the writing process. The pupils seem to regard collaborative writing as an inspiring method that enables them to practice interaction skills, such as giving and getting constructive feedback. Collaborative writing makes it possible to constitute shared meanings and to produce collective narratives. This study addresses writing at upper comprehensive school from a new perspective, as the voices of pupils have so far been quiet. The study increases understanding about pupils’ writing and the meaning of collaborative writing. The results imply that in teaching it would be important to support the writing process of each pupil. For the teacher pupils’ narration offers ways to reflect on his or her work and to develop it. The results may be helpful in developing practical teaching of writing and the teacher education in general. / Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan seitsemäsluokkalaisten kerrontaa kirjoittamisestaan oppiainerajat ylittävässä projektissa. Tavoitteena on avata oppilaiden näkökulmia koulukirjoittamiseen. Tutkimukseen osallistui yksitoista poikaa ja viisitoista tyttöä, jotka olivat aloittaneet opiskelun yläkoulun musiikkiluokalla. Aineisto koostuu oppilaiden laatimista Kirjoittajan polkuni -teksteistä, heidän ryhmä- ja yksilöhaastatteluistaan sekä oppimispäiväkirjoistaan. Kerronnallisuus on tutkimuksen teoreettinen ja menetelmällinen lähestymistapa, kun halutaan tulkita ja ymmärtää, millaisena kirjoittaminen näyttäytyy oppilaiden näkökulmasta. Yhdessä kirjoittaminen pohjautuu kerronnallisiin lähtökohtiin, jolloin kerronnan kautta opitaan uutta ja tuotetaan aiempaa kokonaisvaltaisempia kertomuksia. Tutkimusaineiston moniulotteinen tarkastelu perustuu kerronnalliseen analyysiin, jossa yhdistetään temaattista ja kielellistä analyysia. Tulokset osoittavat kerronnan ilmentävän erilaisia kirjoittamiskäsityksiä. Perinteisten ja itseilmaisua lähellä olevien käsitysten lisäksi kirjoittaminen näyttäytyy sosiaalisena toimintana. Kirjoittajana kehittyminen näyttää merkitykselliseltä kertojien esittäessä kirjoittamisensa tavoitteita. Kirjoittamisen haasteet liittyvät lähinnä kirjoitusprosessiin. Yhdessä kirjoittaminen osoittautuu projektissa oppilaita innostavaksi työtavaksi. Se mahdollistaa yhteistyötaitojen kehittämisen muun muassa rakentavan palautteen antamisen ja vastaanottamisen avulla. Yhdessä kirjoittaminen avaa mahdollisuuksia yhteisten merkitysten muodostamiseen ja yhteisöllisten kertomusten tuottamiseen. Tutkimus tarjoaa uuden näkökulman yläkoulun kirjoittamista koskevaan keskusteluun, jossa oppilaiden äänenpainoilla on ollut toistaiseksi vähän sijaa. Tutkimus lisää ymmärrystä oppilaiden kirjoittamisesta ja yhdessä kirjoittamisen merkityksestä. Opetuksessa on tärkeä tukea kaikkien oppilaiden kirjoitusprosessia. Oppilaiden kerronta avaa näkökulmia opettajan oman työn reflektointiin ja kehittämiseen. Tutkimustuloksia on mahdollista hyödyntää kirjoittamisen opetuksessa ja sen käytänteiden kehittämisessä sekä yleensä opettajankoulutuksessa.

Orientador: Inês Signorini / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T06:47:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pinheiro_PetrilsonAlan_D.pdf: 1784333 bytes, checksum: d6546971881ae8b02433a241143e4d8c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Esta tese de doutorado tem como objetivo descrever e analisar o processo de construção das práticas colaborativas de escrita de um grupo de alunos(as) do Ensino Médio, por meio do uso de algumas ferramentas da internet. Mais especificamente, esta investigação parte da análise de um corpus gerado a partir de um projeto de ensino de um jornal digital escolar desenvolvido numa Escola Estadual no município de Campinas - SP, entre os meses de agosto e dezembro de 2008, junto com um grupo de voluntários composto por dezenove alunos(as) do primeiro e segundo anos do Ensino Médio, e por um professor de língua portuguesa. O projeto de ensino consistia no trabalho colaborativo dos(as) alunos(as) no processo de produção das matérias a serem expostas no jornal online, a partir do uso de duas ferramentas digitais: a conversa instantânea e o correio eletrônico. Por meio do projeto de ensino, foi possível construir o corpus de análise desta pesquisa de doutorado, a partir dos registros gerados de quarenta e sete encontros online via conversa instantânea e de setenta e duas mensagens trocadas via correio eletrônico entre todos os participantes envolvidos na produção das matérias do jornal. Trata-se, portanto, de um tipo de pesquisa qualitativa, situada no campo da Linguística Aplicada, que se caracteriza, mais especificamente, como uma pesquisa-ação, cuja intenção não se restringe apenas a compreender as práticas de produção textual dos(as) discentes envolvidos, mas, sobretudo, a tentar transformá-las. Quanto à base teórica, este trabalho se constitui por meio da relação entre a internet e a construção de conhecimento na contemporaneidade, tomando como referência os construtos teóricos vygotskynianos de aprendizagem, mediação e Zona Proximal de Desenvolvimento; do conceito de andaime (scaffolding), proposto por Bruner el al. (1976); e da noção de Práticas Colaborativas de Escrita. Como dispositivos teórico-analíticos, utilizo ainda a nomenclatura sugerida por Lowry et at. (2004) acerca do processo colaborativo de escrita, que se baseia em: atividades colaborativas de escrita, estratégias colaborativas de escrita, modos de controle de documentos, papéis colaborativos dos participantes e modos colaborativos de escrita. Neste estudo, busco, portanto, mostrar que as práticas colaborativas de escrita se constituem como processos de aprendizagem, que são sempre mediados por artefatos sociais, históricos e culturais diversos. Nesse sentido, é possível afirmar que a internet, como o principal artefato tecnológico atual, propicia muitas ferramentas digitais que podem funcionar como instrumentos de mediação e contribuir para atividades de produção textual, não de forma individual, como, em geral, a escola sempre trabalhou, mas de uma forma que faça com que alunos e professores possam se engajar em práticas colaborativas de escrita efetiva no contexto escolar / Abstract: The objective of this doctoral thesis is to describe and analyze the process of construction of the collaborative writing practices of a group of High School students, by means of the use of some Internet tools. More specifically, this investigation starts from the analysis of a corpus generated from a teaching project of a digital school newspaper developed in a State School in the municipality of Campinas - SP, between August and December 2008th, together with a group of volunteers with nineteen students of first and second years of High School, and a teacher of Portuguese language. The teaching project consisted of the collaborative work in the production process of the stories to be published in the online newspaper, by means of the use of two digital tools: the instant messenger and the e-mail. By means of the teaching project, it was possible to construct the analysis corpus of this doctoral research, through the data generated from forty-seven online encounters via the instant messenger and seventy-two messages exchanged via e-mail among the participants involved in the production of the newspaper stories. It is, therefore, a kind of qualitative research, situated in the field of Applied Linguistics, which is characterized more specifically as an action research, whose intention is not only the comprehend the text production practices of the students involved, but, above of all, to try to transform them. As for the theoretical basis, this work is constituted by means of the relationship between Internet and knowledge construction in the contemporaneity, by taking as reference the vygotskian theoretical constructs of learning, mediation and Zone of Proximal Development; the concept of scaffolding, from Bruner et al. (1976); and the notion of Collaborative Writing Practices. As for the theoretical-analytical devices, I also make use of the nomenclature suggested by Lowry et al. (2004) about the collaborative writing process, which is based upon: collaborative writing activities, collaborative writing strategies, collaborative modes of documents, collaborative roles of participants and collaborative writing modes. In the study, I seek to show that collaborative writing practices are constitutive of learning processes, which are always mediated by diverse social, historical and cultural artifacts. In this sense, it is possible to state that Internet, as the main now-a-days technological artifact, provides a lot of digital tools which can work as mediation instruments and contribute for text production activities not in an individual way, as most schools have always worked, but in a way which can make students and teachers engage in effective collaborative writing practices in the school context / Doutorado / Lingua Materna / Doutor em Linguística Aplicada

Submitted by Neusa Fagundes (neusa.fagundes@unioeste.br) on 2018-03-01T14:31:14Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Gerson_Maciel2016.pdf: 2673204 bytes, checksum: 074ed2f0de366a44d69663387b26e559 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-01T14:31:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Gerson_Maciel2016.pdf: 2673204 bytes, checksum: 074ed2f0de366a44d69663387b26e559 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Traditional studies of Portuguese language are focused on grammar rules, also known as prescriptive. But there are some text studies and decades of discourse brought new way to treat the text, which has been occurring since the 1980s Moreover, with the advent of information and communication technologies, it is often the production and circulation of texts hybrids, or produced from many semiosis. In literacy events of this nature, the statements that are part of the lives of adolescents and young people are thus produced and circulate in technologies that combine sound, image, movement and words in a multi-way relationship. In this context, treating the text considering only the verbal aspect is to ignore the extent of any practical language usages in which adolescents and young people are included. Therefore, to meet a teaching project whose goal is to understand the writing production in more authentic situations, it is necessary to consider the relationship between teens, technology and virtual environment. The emergence and popularization of hybrid texts in multiple contexts, makes it even more complex craft teacher in work, school, text and context. And it is this complexity that motivated the objectives of this study and therefore the formulation of the question: - What brings gains for the production written at school, the exploitation of activities in digital collaborative environment? This work is a qualitative-interpretative and ethnographic research from documents located in the area of Applied Linguistics and comprises the production of gender "opinion piece" production that performed in five groups of students about in digital tool - Google Drive - connected to the internet. The records generated by this tool form the analysis of material from which the data in this study were generated. The overall objective was to conclude that earnings exploitation of literacy practices in collaborative virtual environment can be obtained for the production of writing in school. As for the specific objectives are to analyze how interactions (speeches and dialogues) between students build a knowledge related to the production of written texts and how the digital context affects the configuration of the proposed speech. The analysis found that the displacement of predominantly verbal text focus to set multisemiotic brought some gains for writing production, for example, exploring the relationship between verbal and image, using link and hyperlink to establish a relationship Intertextual and increase the informative and argumentative level of the text. The articulation of different semiosis, in a multiplicity of meanings, extends the ideas contained in the final text of groups produsuários students. It was also detected that the use, by itself, does not bring new technology guarantees that the operation of large amounts of light information to produce a better quality writing point of view of integration skills. / Os estudos tradicionais de Língua Portuguesa se focalizam na gramática normativa, também conhecida como prescritiva. Porém há algumas décadas estudos do texto e do discurso trouxera nova maneira de tratar o texto, o que vem ocorrendo desde os anos 1980. Além disso, com o advento das tecnologias da informação e de comunicação, é frequente a produção e a circulação de textos híbridos, ou seja, produzidos a partir de muitas semioses. Em eventos de letramento dessa natureza, os enunciados que fazem parte da vida dos adolescentes e dos jovens são, pois, produzidos e circulam em tecnologias que misturam som, imagem, movimentos e palavras em uma relação de múltiplos sentidos. Diante desse contexto, tratar o texto considerando somente o aspecto verbal é ignorar a dimensão das práticas significativas de usos de linguagens em que adolescentes e jovens estão inseridos. Assim sendo, para atender a uma proposta de ensino cujo objetivo seja compreender a produção de escrita em situações mais autênticas, é necessário considerar a relação entre adolescentes, tecnologia e ambiente virtual. O surgimento e a popularização de textos híbridos, em múltiplos contextos, torna ainda mais complexo o ofício do professor em trabalhar, na escola, o texto e o contexto. E é exatamente essa complexidade que motivou os objetivos deste trabalho e, por consequência, a formulação da seguinte pergunta: – Que ganhos traz, para a produção escrita na escola, a exploração das atividades em ambiente colaborativo digital no Ensino Fundamental? Este trabalho é uma pesquisa qualitativo-interpretativa e de cunho etnográfico, com análise documental situada na área da Linguística Aplicada e compreende a produção do gênero “artigo de opinião”, produção essa realizada em grupos de cinco alunos aproximadamente, em ferramenta digital – Google Drive – conectada à internet. Os registros gerados por essa ferramenta formam o material de análise a partir do qual os dados deste estudo foram gerados. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma escola pública no município de Foz do Iguaçu e foram envolvidas duas turmas do nono ano. O objetivo geral consistiu em depreender que ganhos a exploração de práticas letradas em ambiente virtual colaborativo podem ser obtidos para a produção de escrita na escola. Já quanto aos objetivos específicos, consistem em analisar como as interações (intervenções e diálogos) entre os alunos constroem um saber relacionado à produção de textos escritos e como o contexto digital afeta a configuração do discurso proposto. A análise detectou que o deslocamento do foco do texto predominantemente verbal para enunciados multissemióticos trouxe alguns ganhos para a produção da escrita, como, por exemplo, a exploração da relação entre linguagem verbal e imagem, o uso de link e de hiperlink para estabelecer relação intertextual e aumentar o grau informativo e argumentativo do texto. A articulação das diferentes semioses, em uma multiplicidade de sentidos, amplia as ideias contidas nos textos finais dos grupos de alunos produsuários. Detectou-se também que o emprego, por si só, de novas tecnologias não traz garantias de que a exploração de grandes quantidades de informações leve à produção de uma escrita de melhor qualidade do ponto de vista da integração de conhecimentos.