Student Number : 0413402D - MA research report - Faculty of Humanities / This research report focuses on how Kekelwa Nyaywa, a Zambian novelist has represented Zambian women within a span ranging from the colonial up to the independence period. Within the first chapter, a brief history of the Zambian nation is highlighted and a theoretical framework established. Chapter two engages with Nyaywa’s use of romance to make a commentary on the idea of nationalism. By so doing she redefines the concept of romance which has invariably been associated with ‘frivolity’. The third chapter revolves around Chipembi boarding school which the author uses to feminize key issues in the Zambian society. The pivot of the chapter is that this space is a metaphor for women’s liberation in Zambia. HIV/AIDS fueled by a ‘macho syndrome’ emerges in the fourth chapter as the single biggest threat to Zambian women’s lives. Finally, the conclusion investigates the trends of feminism that the author foregrounds in the book.

This dissertation provides a new interpretation for the rise and subsequent decline of Brazil as a cotton supplier to the British textile sector during the Industrial Revolution. Between 1791 and 1801, northeast Brazilachieved a market share of 40 percent in Liverpool. Contrary to what scholars previously argued,the chief cause for the rise of Brazil as a major cotton exporterwas its superior cotton fiber for the new calico and muslin textiles produced in Britain. Notwithstanding the initial success, Brazilian cotton exports stagnated after 1819. Previous interpretations argued that the decline of Brazilian cotton plantations was a result of labor shortagesand high inland transport costs. This dissertation instead provides evidence showing that cotton regions in Brazil had in fact a high density of slaves. Likewise, transport costs represented a small fraction of cotton market prices. For cotton planters, the largest economic burden was the fiscal policy implemented by the central government after 1808. The need to increase revenues led the central government to tax the most important commodities at the time. Export taxes represented the largest cost for cotton production in Brazil until the 1840s. As regional governments could not tax imports, they were left with little resources to invest in infrastructure projects that could offset the increasing costs of taxation. In the end, higher production costs reduced Brazil\'s ability to face the challenge of new competitors in the international cotton market during the nineteenth century. / Essa dissertação fornece uma nova interpretação para a ascensão e subsequente declínio do Brasil como um fornecedor de algodão para o setor têxtil britânico durante a Revolução Industrial.Entre 1791 e 1801, o nordeste do Brasil alcançou uma participação de mercado de 40% em Liverpool.Contrário ao que os pesquisadores normalmente argumentam, a principal causa do surgimento do Brasil como um importante exportador de algodão foi a qualidade superior da sua fibra para os novos têxteis produzidos na Grã-Bretanha.Não obstante o sucesso inicial, as exportações brasileiras de algodão estagnaram após 1819. As interpretações anteriores argumentaram que o declínio das plantações brasileiras de algodão foi resultado da escassez de mão-de-obra e dos altos custos de transporte terrestre.Essa dissertação, no entanto, fornece evidências de que as regiões de algodão no Brasil tinham, de fato, uma alta densidade de escravos. Do mesmo modo, os custos de transporte representaram uma pequena fração dos preços de mercado do algodão.Para os plantadores de algodão, o maior fardo econômico foi a política fiscal implementada pelo governo central após 1808. A necessidade de aumentar as receitas levou o governo central a tributar as commodities mais importantes na época.Os impostos de exportação representaram o maior custo de produção de algodão no Brasil até a década de 1840. Como os governos regionais não podiam tributar as importações, ficaram com poucos recursos para investir em projetos de infraestrutura que poderiam compensar os crescentes custos de tributação.No final, os custos de produção mais elevados reduziram a capacidade do Brasil de enfrentar o desafio de novos concorrentes no mercado internacional do algodão durante o século XIX.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Esta pesquisa trata da formaÃÃo feminina oferecida no Internato de Bor, na GuinÃ-Bissau, no perÃodo de 1933 a 2011, e dos seus reflexos na sociedade guineense contemporÃnea. Tem apoio no debate teÃrico estabelecido no campo da histÃria da educaÃÃo e da educaÃÃo comparada, atravÃs dos estudos de AntÃnio NÃvoa e Maria Juraci Maia Cavalcante, que entendem instituiÃÃes escolares, como movidas por processos sociais maiores que colocam em circulaÃÃo ideias e modelos de educaÃÃo, especialmente, em situaÃÃes que envolvem relaÃÃes coloniais entre diferentes naÃÃes e tradiÃÃes culturais. Utiliza fontes documentais, historiogrÃficas, iconogrÃficas e orais para reconstituir a trajetÃria do Internato de Bor, entre o perÃodo da colonizaÃÃo portuguesa e a independÃncia da GuinÃ-Bissau. Apresenta como resultados, os seguintes aspectos a destacar: 1) a instituiÃÃo escolar estudada integrou uma missÃo catÃlica dirigida pela ordem franciscana na Guinà portuguesa, com a finalidade de promover a assimilaÃÃo do indÃgena; 2) a estrutura administrativa, processo de seleÃÃo dos internos, a rotina diÃrio do Internato, o modelo de formaÃÃo oferecido à infÃncia desvalida, o motivo da sua criaÃÃo e a origem social das crianÃas e adolescentes recebidadas; 3) a mudanÃa de nome e organizaÃÃo do Internato, configurado numa cronologia que comporta mudanÃas polÃticas havidas, entre o perÃodo colonial, a guerra da independÃncia e a construÃÃo da nova sociedade guineense; 4) as diferenÃas culturais existentes, entre o projeto missionÃrio do perÃodo colonial e os moradores das zonas rurais, por meio de relatos sobre processo educacionais e memÃrias de mulheres em relaÃÃo ao casamento poligÃmico; 5) conflitos advindos de cÃdigos culturais distintos implantados pela colonizaÃÃo portuguesa em confronto na GuinÃ-Bissau contemporÃnea, em relaÃÃo ao casamento e o uso da lÃngua portuguesa. Esse conjunto articulado de achados permite lanÃar luzes para se entender os dilemas hoje existentes, no campo social, polÃtico e educacional mais amplo da sociedade guineense. / This research deals with the female training offered in Internship Bor in Guinea-Bissau in the period 1933-2011, and its effects on contemporÃea Guinean society. Has support in the theoretical debate established in the field of the history of education and comparative education, the studies of Antonio NÃvoa and Maria Juraci Maia Cavalcante, who understand educational institutions as part of larger societies process that puts outstanding ideas and models of education, especially, in situations involving colonial relations between different nations and cultural traditions. Uses documentary, historiographical, iconographic and oral sources to reconstruct the trajectory of the Internship Bor, between the period of Portuguese colonization and independence of Guinea-Bissau. Reveals that: 1) the educational institution studied entegrou a Catholic mission run by the Franciscan order in Portuguese Guinea in order to promote the indigenous assinalizaÃÃo; 2) the administrative structure, internal selection process, the daily routine of the internship, the training model offered to needy children, the reason for its creation and the social background of children and adolescents recebidadas; 3) the change of name and internship organization set a timeline that holds havidas change policies between the colonial period, the war of Indepedencia and construction of the new Guinean society; 4) cultural differences between the missionary project of the colonial period and morradores of rural areas, through accounts of educational process and memories of women in relation to polygamous marriage; 5) conflicts arising from different cultural codes implemented by the Portuguese colonization in confrontation in contemporary Guinea-Bissau, in relation to marriage and the use of the Portuguese language, which allow us to understand the existing dilemmas in the social field and wider educational

Master's thesis. / Format: PDF. Bibl.

When the federation of the thirteen English colonies into the United States of America was finally achieved in 1776, powerful influences had made it certain that this new nation would have religious freedom and that it would not maintain an established church. Among those influences was the influence of an overwhelming number of settlers known as Ulster Scots, or Scotch-Irish, who emigrated into the colonies from Northern Ireland between the years 1720 and 1775. They came as dissenters from the Established Church in northern Ireland and remained dissenters from the Established Church as they found it where they settled along the frontiers of the Southern Colonies of Virginia, North and South Carolina. From 1720, the year these Ulstermen emigrated to the colonies in any appreciable numbers, until 1775 at the outbreak of hostilities between the colonies and England, they exerted a significant influence upon the achievement of religious liberty. Although the Ulster Scots were the most widely distributed of immigrants except those from England, being found in all thirteen colonies at the time of the Revolution, their influence in achieving religious freedom was most effective in the Southern Colonies where their numbers were most effective in the Southern Colonies where their numbers were five times as large as in the north. The development of religious liberty in colonial America has been determined to have had its impetus in three factors. First, the large and influential number of sects in the colonies; second, the liberal philosophy of sects in the colonies; second, the liberal philosophy of the 18th century with its relationalistic temper coupled with a fervent evangelical zeal that is reflected in the revivalistic movement of the Great Awakening across the middle of the 18th century; and thirdly, the ecclesiastical and political influence and interference of England. The Ulster Scots were directly concerned with the first and second factors. The third factor, however, does not relate itself to them primarily because they were situated on the western frontier of the Southern Colonies and not directly connected with any major commercial interests which developed such a display of emotion as was to be found in such centers of commerce as Boston and Philadelphia. The effort on the part of some colonials to prevent the appointment of a resident Bishop of the Anglican Church in the colonies does not appear to have made much impression on the Ulster Scots in the Southern Colonies, as the opponents to such a move were confined principally to the New England and to a lesser extent in the Middle Colonies. Opposition in the Southern Colonies to the appointment of a resident Bishop was found among the Anglican planters who had, for all intents and purposes, control of the Establishment through the vestries and did not wish to lose it. Because the Ulster Scots were the largest group among the sects dissenting from the Establishment who settled in the Southern Colonies their influence was proportionately greater in the achievement of religious liberty in these colonies than any other. But equal in importance with their numerical strength was the site of their settlements in the Southern Colonies. Prevented largely from setting in the more well-established tidewater area of the colonies of Virginia and South Carolina, they were forced to push westward into what was called the back country, or the frontier settlements were initiated by the emigration of these Ulster Scots from the colony of Pennsylvania who came down the eastern and western valleys of the mountain range which extends across the western flank of the Southern Colonies. There, in the isolation of the wilderness, their influence for the achievement of religious liberty exerted itself along with other dessenters from the Establishment so as to hasten the disestablishment of the Anglican church in the Southern colonies at the outbreak of the revolution, and usher in religious liberty.

CÁ, Cristina Mandau Ocuni. Formação feminina no Internato de Bor (1933-2011) na Guiné-Bissau: reflexos na educação da sociedade guineense contemporânea. 2015. 293f. – Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza (CE), 2015. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-12-02T16:57:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_cmoca.pdf: 10379393 bytes, checksum: 9231adb0b3b990bbc5f438824e306270 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-12-08T17:58:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_cmoca.pdf: 10379393 bytes, checksum: 9231adb0b3b990bbc5f438824e306270 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-08T17:58:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_cmoca.pdf: 10379393 bytes, checksum: 9231adb0b3b990bbc5f438824e306270 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / This research deals with the female training offered in Internship Bor in Guinea-Bissau in the period 1933-2011, and its effects on contemporâea Guinean society. Has support in the theoretical debate established in the field of the history of education and comparative education, the studies of Antonio Nóvoa and Maria Juraci Maia Cavalcante, who understand educational institutions as part of larger societies process that puts outstanding ideas and models of education, especially, in situations involving colonial relations between different nations and cultural traditions. Uses documentary, historiographical, iconographic and oral sources to reconstruct the trajectory of the Internship Bor, between the period of Portuguese colonization and independence of Guinea-Bissau. Reveals that: 1) the educational institution studied entegrou a Catholic mission run by the Franciscan order in Portuguese Guinea in order to promote the indigenous assinalização; 2) the administrative structure, internal selection process, the daily routine of the internship, the training model offered to needy children, the reason for its creation and the social background of children and adolescents recebidadas; 3) the change of name and internship organization set a timeline that holds havidas change policies between the colonial period, the war of Indepedencia and construction of the new Guinean society; 4) cultural differences between the missionary project of the colonial period and morradores of rural areas, through accounts of educational process and memories of women in relation to polygamous marriage; 5) conflicts arising from different cultural codes implemented by the Portuguese colonization in confrontation in contemporary Guinea-Bissau, in relation to marriage and the use of the Portuguese language, which allow us to understand the existing dilemmas in the social field and wider educational. / Esta pesquisa trata da formação feminina oferecida no Internato de Bor, na Guiné-Bissau, no período de 1933 a 2011, e dos seus reflexos na sociedade guineense contemporânea. Tem apoio no debate teórico estabelecido no campo da história da educação e da educação comparada, através dos estudos de António Nóvoa e Maria Juraci Maia Cavalcante, que entendem instituições escolares, como movidas por processos sociais maiores que colocam em circulação ideias e modelos de educação, especialmente, em situações que envolvem relações coloniais entre diferentes nações e tradições culturais. Utiliza fontes documentais, historiográficas, iconográficas e orais para reconstituir a trajetória do Internato de Bor, entre o período da colonização portuguesa e a independência da Guiné-Bissau. Apresenta como resultados, os seguintes aspectos a destacar: 1) a instituição escolar estudada integrou uma missão católica dirigida pela ordem franciscana na Guiné portuguesa, com a finalidade de promover a assimilação do indígena; 2) a estrutura administrativa, processo de seleção dos internos, a rotina diário do Internato, o modelo de formação oferecido à infância desvalida, o motivo da sua criação e a origem social das crianças e adolescentes recebidadas; 3) a mudança de nome e organização do Internato, configurado numa cronologia que comporta mudanças políticas havidas, entre o período colonial, a guerra da independência e a construção da nova sociedade guineense; 4) as diferenças culturais existentes, entre o projeto missionário do período colonial e os moradores das zonas rurais, por meio de relatos sobre processo educacionais e memórias de mulheres em relação ao casamento poligâmico; 5) conflitos advindos de códigos culturais distintos implantados pela colonização portuguesa em confronto na Guiné-Bissau contemporânea, em relação ao casamento e o uso da língua portuguesa. Esse conjunto articulado de achados permite lançar luzes para se entender os dilemas hoje existentes, no campo social, político e educacional mais amplo da sociedade guineense.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-01-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:24:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_am_dr_assis.pdf: 7231213 bytes, checksum: 8d7d49cafd699d78739dc3e03c8fc619 (MD5) / A tese “A coluna “Reflexões” de Hipólito da Costa no Correio Brasiliense (1808- 1822): uma voz pela liberdade de imprensa, união do Brasil com Portugal e contra governos despóticos” apresenta uma análise do discurso contido em textos que este jornalista produziu ao longo do período de 1808 a 1822. O objetivo da pesquisa foi verificar que o discurso de Hipólito, enquanto modalidade discursiva, possui características panfletárias e resgatar a crítica deste importante jornalista da primeira fase do jornalismo brasileiro. O método de análise escolhido foi o de análise de conteúdo de textos de Hipólito da Costa, veiculados, em especial, na Seção Miscelânea e na Coluna “Reflexões” Para tanto, o primeiro capítulo do trabalho discorre sobre a prática panfletária, incluindo a prosa panfletária, e nesta, o panfleto e sua origem; aspecto satírico desse discurso ; a crítica panfletária. O segundo capítulo reúne informações sobre Hipólito da Costa e seu Correio Brasiliense, bem como aspectos históricos sobre Hipólito da Costa como sua trajetória, morte, descendências; e aspectos sobre o referido periódico. No terceiro capítulo está a discussão do objeto, a partir de uma coletânea de 39 textos nos quais Hipólito da Costa defendeu a liberdade de imprensa, a união do Brasil com Portugal e a extinção de governos despóticos. Em cada texto estão destacados elementos de estilística e de conteúdo que marcam a argumentação do redator, por meio da qual ele avalia, julga, critica e emite juízo de valor acerca do sistema administrativo português no Brasil e profere ataques agressivos a pessoas ligadas a esse sistema. Por fim, as considerações finais sintetizam os resultados das observações abstraídas das leituras dos 39 textos de Hipólito da Costa, presentes no Correio Brasiliense, no período de 1808 a 1822 / The thesis “The “Reflexões” Column of Hipólito da Costa in Correio Brasiliense (1808-1822): a voice for the press freedom, union of Brazil and Portugal and against despotic governments” presents an analysis of the speech contained in texts that this journalist produced throughout the period of 1808 and 1822. The aim of the research was to verify that Hipólito speech has pamphletary features, considering the discursive modality, and also to recover the critical of this important journalist in the first phase of Brazilian journalism. The chosen method was analysis of Hipólito da Costa texts contents, propagated, in special, in Miscelânea Section and “Reflexões” Column. For that, the first chapter of this paper talks about the pamphletary practice, including the pamphletary prose, and in this case, the pamphlet and its origin; satirical aspect of this speech; the pamphletary critical. The second chapter assembles information of Hipólito da Costa and his Correio Brasiliense, and historical aspects of Hipólito da Costa as well as his trajectory, death, descents; and aspects on his periodical. The third chapter brings the object discussion, from a compilation of 39 texts, in which Hipólito da Costa defended press freedom, the union of Brazil and Portugal and the extinction of despotic governments. In every text, content elements were detached that marks the author argument, through the one he evaluates, judges, criticizes and emits judgment of value, concerning the Portuguese administrative system in Brazil and pronounces aggressive attacks to people related to this system. Finally, the final considerations synthecize the results of the comments derived from the reading of 39 texts of Hipólito da Costa, included in Correio Brasiliense, during the period of 1808 and 1822

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:23:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 parte1.pdf: 2594948 bytes, checksum: ad3b31bcc22455b2b7f343ee73064eb3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work is integrated to the research line History Education and Historic Knowledge, of the Master s Degree Course of History Graduate Program in Federal University of Paraíba, whose area of concentration is History and Historical Culture. The dissertation has as main objective to analyze the Carmelite baroque historical culture, through the meaning of the allegories of Our Lady of Carmel Church, builded in the colonial City of Paraíba. The methodology is assented in the images analysis proposed by Erwin Panofsky in his book Meaning in the visual arts. An iconological interpretation of the images in Portuguese tiles and walls and roof paintings is done, in order to understand which behavior model was expected to be followed by the Christians in the 18th-century City of Paraíba. In such a way, the allegories are understood as doctrinal tools made to teach the Christian the Carmelite historical culture, in an attempt to conduct the prayer to salvation. The research integrates the local historical context during the church construction, in the second half of 18th century, the birth and spread of Baroque art in the Europe in the ends of 16th century and the History of the Carmelite Order. / O presente trabalho está integrado à linha de pesquisa Ensino de História e Saberes Históricos, do curso de mestrado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, cuja área de concentração é História e Cultura Histórica. A dissertação tem como objetivo principal analisar a cultura histórica barroca carmelita por meio das alegorias da Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Carmo na Cidade da Paraíba colonial. A partir da metodologia de análise imagética proposta por Erwin Panofsky em seu livro Significado das artes visuais realiza-se uma interpretação iconológica das imagens, no intuito de compreender qual o modelo de conduta que deveria ser seguido pelos cristãos na Cidade da Paraíba do século XVIII. Desta forma, as alegorias são compreendidas como ferramentas doutrinárias que buscam introjetar no cristão a cultura histórica carmelita, no intuito de conduzi-lo à salvação. O corpo da pesquisa integra o contexto histórico local durante a construção da igreja, na segunda metade do século XVIII, o surgimento da arte Barroca na Europa no final do século XVI e a História da Ordem Carmelita.

Orientador: Rosane Gazolla Alves Feitosa / Banca: Márcio Roberto Pereira / Banca: Álvaro Santos Simões Junior / Banca: Luciana Brito / Banca: Alcioni Galdino Vieira / Resumo: A tese "A coluna "Reflexões" de Hipólito da Costa no Correio Brasiliense (1808- 1822): uma voz pela liberdade de imprensa, união do Brasil com Portugal e contra governos despóticos" apresenta uma análise do discurso contido em textos que este jornalista produziu ao longo do período de 1808 a 1822. O objetivo da pesquisa foi verificar que o discurso de Hipólito, enquanto modalidade discursiva, possui características panfletárias e resgatar a crítica deste importante jornalista da primeira fase do jornalismo brasileiro. O método de análise escolhido foi o de análise de conteúdo de textos de Hipólito da Costa, veiculados, em especial, na Seção Miscelânea e na Coluna "Reflexões" Para tanto, o primeiro capítulo do trabalho discorre sobre a prática panfletária, incluindo a prosa panfletária, e nesta, o panfleto e sua origem; aspecto satírico desse discurso ; a crítica panfletária. O segundo capítulo reúne informações sobre Hipólito da Costa e seu Correio Brasiliense, bem como aspectos históricos sobre Hipólito da Costa como sua trajetória, morte, descendências; e aspectos sobre o referido periódico. No terceiro capítulo está a discussão do objeto, a partir de uma coletânea de 39 textos nos quais Hipólito da Costa defendeu a liberdade de imprensa, a união do Brasil com Portugal e a extinção de governos despóticos. Em cada texto estão destacados elementos de estilística e de conteúdo que marcam a argumentação do redator, por meio da qual ele avalia, julga, critica e emite juízo de valor acerca do sistema administrativo português no Brasil e profere ataques agressivos a pessoas ligadas a esse sistema. Por fim, as considerações finais sintetizam os resultados das observações abstraídas das leituras dos 39 textos de Hipólito da Costa, presentes no Correio Brasiliense, no período de 1808 a 1822 / Abstract: The thesis "The "Reflexões" Column of Hipólito da Costa in Correio Brasiliense (1808-1822): a voice for the press freedom, union of Brazil and Portugal and against despotic governments" presents an analysis of the speech contained in texts that this journalist produced throughout the period of 1808 and 1822. The aim of the research was to verify that Hipólito speech has pamphletary features, considering the discursive modality, and also to recover the critical of this important journalist in the first phase of Brazilian journalism. The chosen method was analysis of Hipólito da Costa texts contents, propagated, in special, in Miscelânea Section and "Reflexões" Column. For that, the first chapter of this paper talks about the pamphletary practice, including the pamphletary prose, and in this case, the pamphlet and its origin; satirical aspect of this speech; the pamphletary critical. The second chapter assembles information of Hipólito da Costa and his Correio Brasiliense, and historical aspects of Hipólito da Costa as well as his trajectory, death, descents; and aspects on his periodical. The third chapter brings the object discussion, from a compilation of 39 texts, in which Hipólito da Costa defended press freedom, the union of Brazil and Portugal and the extinction of despotic governments. In every text, content elements were detached that marks the author argument, through the one he evaluates, judges, criticizes and emits judgment of value, concerning the Portuguese administrative system in Brazil and pronounces aggressive attacks to people related to this system. Finally, the final considerations synthecize the results of the comments derived from the reading of 39 texts of Hipólito da Costa, included in Correio Brasiliense, during the period of 1808 and 1822 / Doutor

Through both an archaeological and historical approach, we present a study of the indigenous sociopolitical formations of the Tarapacá region for the 15th and 16th centuries. Information is systematized from early documentary sources related to the permanent and seasonal populations residing along the Pacific coast between the Loa and Camarones rivers, an area bordered by the chiefdoms of Tacna and the Inca provinces of Atacama, Caranga, and Quillaca. Our qualitative analysis of regional and local historical and archaeological sources from the beginnings of the Spanish colonial period (1535-1571), suggest that regional geopolitical organization was characterized by the fragmentary dynamics among the Tarapacan populations and the provincial Inca apparatus. The available data suggest that at the time of the Spanish conquest of the Tarapacá region, the establishment of a cultural hierarchy and local and regional political affiliation were linked to the operation of an Inca provincial jurisdiction (or wamani). / Se presenta un estudio de las formas sociopolíticas indígenas de Tarapacá mediante un enfoque histórico y arqueológico para el siglo XV y XVI. Se sistematiza la información correspondiente a los habitantes que residían en forma permanente o estacional entre la franja litoral del océano Pacífico, entre el río Loa y Camarones, un extenso territorio colindante con los cacicazgos de Tacna al norte y las provincias incaicas de Atacama al sur, Caranga y Quillacas, al este. El análisis cualitativo de la información local y regional permite avanzar en la lectura de los datos arqueológicos y documentales, sugiriendo que durante la primera mitad del siglo XVI se habría desplegado una organización geopolítica caracterizada por la dinámica segmentaria de las poblaciones tarapaqueñas y el aparato provincial cuzqueño. Este trabajo propone que los españoles, al momento de la invasión, pudieron observar en esta región el funcionamiento de las jurisdicciones incaicas o wamani, a partir de lo cual se deberían analizar las posteriores transformaciones coloniales ocurridas dentro del virreinato peruano.