A obra mais emblemática do viajante do século XVI João Leão Africano, intitulada Della descrittione dell\'Africa et delle cose notabli che ivi sono, sugere a existência de duas racionalidades integradas: a árabe-islâmica e a europeia-latina. A presente tese busca identificar essas duas camadas de racionalidade no trabalho de João Leão Africano, mostrando que o século XVI produziu um conhecimento plural entre essas duas matrizes culturais, que se relacionavam intensamente no período do Renascimento. Seja pela perspectiva de conflito, pela interação cultural ou pela negociação comercial entre povos cristãos e muçulmanos, o Norte da África e o Mediterrâneo se consolidaram no século XVI como espaços simbióticos. Esses elementos conjunturais, combinados à trajetória pessoal de João Leão Africano e sua relação com o Papa Leão X, moldaram sua visão sobre a África por meio de uma concepção fluida e intersticial do continente. A reflexão sobre o mundo moderno do referido viajante é reforçada pela formação de um padrão de pensamento definido por conceitos como: astúcia, tradução cultural, Fortuna, vergonha, incerteza, e fluidez civilizacional. / The most representative work of the sixteenth century traveler Leo Africanus, entitled Della descrittione dell\'Africa et delle cose che notabli ivi sono, suggests the existence of two intertwined rationalities: the Arab-Islamic and the European-Latin. This research seeks to identify these two layers of rationality in the work of Leo Africanus, showing that the sixteenth century produced plural knowledge between these two cultural sources, intensely connected during the Renaissance. Either from the perspective of conflict, of the cultural interaction or of the commercial negotiation between Christian and Muslim peoples, North Africa and the Mediterranean developed in the sixteenth century as symbiotic spaces. These circumstantial elements, combined with the personal path of Leo Africanus, and his relationship with Pope Leo X, shaped his view of Africa through a fluid and interstitial conception of the continent. Leo Africanus idea about the modern world is strengthened by a thought pattern raised and defined by concepts such as cunning, cultural translation, Fortuna, shame, uncertainty, and civilization fluidity.

Diese Dissertation befasst sich mit dem oft vernachlässigten Problem ethnischer Gruppen, die eine Delegitimierung ihrer Staatsbürgerschaft erfahren haben. Sie gelten nicht als „richtige“ Staatsbürger eines Nationalstaates, da sie nicht der ethnischen Definition der Nation entsprechen. Staatsbürgerschaft entsteht im Zuge der Bildung von Nationalstaaten in einem modernen Weltsystem, das nach wie vor kolonial geprägt ist. Die Legitimität dieser globalen kolonialen Idee des Nationalstaates basierte auf dem kulturellen Konzept einer Nation; der Illusion einer homogenen gemeinsamen Vergangenheit, gemeinsamer Gebräuche und einer gemeinsamen Sprache, in der Unterschiede unterdrückt werden. Auf diesem Modell basiert die Idee eines legitimen Bürgers. Illegitime Staatsbürgerschaft ist eine andere Art und Weise, eine koloniale Staatsbürgerschaft zu benennen, die in ein eurozentrisches, patriarchalisch/weiß und christlich zentriertes Weltsystem eingebettet ist. Staatsbürgerschaft ist ein Konzept, das sich auf Individuen bezieht. Durch Rassializierung und Ethnisierung wird dem Mensch seine Individualität genommen. Der rassifizierte -illegitime Bürger wird stets als Teil einer Gruppe beschrieben; die "Einwanderer", die "Muslime", die "Indigenen", die "Inder des Nordostens". Sie werden nie als autonomes individuelles Subjekt beschrieben. Diese Individualität ist den weißen europäischen oder europäischen Nachkommen vorbehalten und wird als "weißes Privileg" bezeichnet. Diese Dissertation beschreibt, wie ähnlich die illegitime Staatsbürgerschaft in zwei unterschiedlichen Ländern empirisch operiert, die beide eine koloniale, untergeordnete Position im Weltsystem einnehmen. Die untersuchten Gruppen – die Mapuche in Chile und die Menschen im Nordosten Indiens – leiden unter einer doppelten Kolonialisierung. Zum einen aufgrund der Position von Chile und Indien im Weltsystem, zum anderen bezüglich der geringen Wertschätzung innerhalb des Nationalstaates. / This thesis tackles the commonly overlooked issue of ethnic groups that have suffered a delegetimization of their citizenship. They are not considered as the ideal citizens of a nation-state because they do not conform ethnically to the definition of the nation. Citizenship emerges with the formation of the nation-state in a modern world system characterized by a still operating coloniality. The legitimacy of this global colonial idea of nation-state was based on the cultural concept of a nation; an illusion of a homogenous shared past, customs and language where differences were suppressed. This is the common pattern of nation-state formation and the rise of the idea of a legitimate citizen. Illegitimate citizenship is another way of naming a colonial citizenship inserted in a Eurocentric patriarchal/white and Christian-centered world-system. Citizenship is a concept referring to individuals, however, and when it is racialized or ethnicized, the individuality of the person is taken away. The racialized citizen, the illegitimate citizen is always described as part of a group; the “immigrants”, the “Muslims”, the “indigenous”, the “northeastern Indians”. They are never described as an autonomous individual subject. This individuality is reserved for white European or European- descendant people and has been coined as “white privilege”. This research describes how illegitimate citizenship empirically operates in a very similar way in two ethnic groups within two different countries that have in common a colonial subordinated position in the world system. Therefore, Mapuches in Chile and Northeastern Indians suffer a double colonization in two different scales; one regarding the position of Chile and India in the world-system and one regarding their own position within the nation-state.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-06-25T13:32:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marina da Rocha_.pdf: 876855 bytes, checksum: 860c997afef6f478e856d65e99d6f67c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-25T13:32:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marina da Rocha_.pdf: 876855 bytes, checksum: 860c997afef6f478e856d65e99d6f67c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-12 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar e realizar uma reflexão sobre os movimentos de construção de escolas indígenas diferenciadas no Brasil, a partir do contexto de tensionamento entre a interculturalidade funcional e crítica na relação com a (des)colonialidade. A pesquisa focou-se na revisão bibliográfica, especificamente de teses e dissertações, selecionadas a partir do Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações – CAPES e da Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações – BDTD, produzidas no Brasil, que abordam a temática da educação escolar indígena diferenciada. A seleção das fontes, bem como sua interpretação se desenvolveu com base em duas categorias teóricas. Por se tratarem de escolas diferenciadas, como o próprio nome sinaliza, não se pode falar da construção de uma escola indígena de modo genérico, mas sim, de escolas indígenas diferenciadas, no plural, levando em consideração suas diversidades. A partir de cada experiência o estudo destaca avanços ou limites, quanto à perspectiva de uma interculturalidade crítica e um olhar descolonial. Sendo assim, identificou-se que há escolas que são construídas a partir das demandas das próprias comunidades indígenas. No entanto, ainda se verifica que há imposições, com sinais visíveis da colonialidade presente em muitos espaços em que se inserem essas escolas. Entre as constatações do estudo destaca-se que essas instituições escolares apresentam contraditoriamente características de descolonialidade e interculturalidade crítica, em meio a sinais de reprodução da colonialidade em um contexto de interculturalidade funcional. / This present study aims to identify and carry out a reflection on movements of differentiated indigenous schools in Brazil, from the context of tensioning between functional and critical interculturality, in relation to (dis) coloniality.. The research focused on the bibliographic review, specifically of theses and dissertations, selected from the Thesis and Dissertations Catalog - CAPES and the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations – BDTD, produced in Brazil, which addressed the theme of differentiated indigenous school education and are related to interculturality. The selection of sources as well as their interpretation was developed based on two theoretical categories. Because they are differentiated schools, as the name indicates, one can not speak of the construction of an indigenous school in a generic way, but rather of differentiated indigenous schools, in the plural, taking into account their diversities. From each experience the study highlights advances or limits, as to the perspective of a critical interculturality from a decolonial look. Thus, it has been identified that there are schools that are constructed based on the demands of the indigenous communities themselves. However, there are still impositions, with visible signs of the coloniality present in many spaces in which these schools are inserted. Among the study's findings highlight that these educational institutions have contradictory characteristics of decoloniality and critical intercultural amid coloniality reproduction signals in the context of functional interculturalism.

No description available.

La dynamique des populations vise à étudier les processus qui déterminent les fluctuations spatio-temporelles des effectifs d’organismes vivants. Ma thèse vise à caractériser les relations entre trois niveaux d’organisation des populations d’oiseaux coloniaux, l’individu, la colonie et la méta-colonie, et à étudier l’influence de l’environnement physique et social sur cette organisation. A cette fin, je me suis concentrée sur deux espèces de laridés coloniaux aux dynamiques de populations contrastées: la mouette rieuse, Chroicocephalus ridibundus, et le goéland railleur, Chroicocephalus genei. J’ai décrit, dans un premier temps, la dynamique spatio-temporelle des colonies de goélands railleurs en France, dont la répartition tend à s’étendre le long de la côte Méditerranéenne. Malgré cette expansion, les individus nés en France restent fidèles à leur région natale, mais leur âge et leur sexe modulent leur recrutement et leur comportement de dispersion. J’ai affiné ce premier travail en montrant que la condition corporelle des poussins, paramètre majeur du recrutement, est modulée par la taille des colonies, sa date d’installation et la stratégie d’alimentation des parents. Mes travaux ont de plus permis de montrer l’existence de groupes sociaux chez le goéland railleur, dont la stabilité est modulée par le succès de reproduction de la colonie. Ainsi, le degré de relations entre les individus d’une colonie est modulé par les caractéristiques intrinsèques de la colonie et son contexte environnemental. J’ai en particulier montré, chez la mouette rieuse, que la persistance des colonies dépend du succès de reproduction local, mais que la colonisation de nouveaux sites dépend plutôt du succès de reproduction dans les colonies avoisinantes. Mes travaux montrent ainsi que l’ensemble des niveaux d’organisation des populations d’oiseaux coloniaux, de l’individu à la méta-colonie, doivent être étudiés à travers de nouvelles approches intégratives qui représentent des challenges conceptuels, méthodologiques et techniques à l’interface entre dynamique des populations et étude des réseaux sociaux. / Population dynamics addresses the processes that underpin the spatio-temporal fluctuations of organism counts. My PhD dissertation aims at characterizing the connections between three organization levels in colonial bird populations, the individual, the colony, and the meta-colony, and at investigating the influence of the physical and social environments on this organization. To this aim, I focused on two colonial larid species that exhibit contrasted population dynamics: the black headed gull, Chroicocephalus ridibundus, and the slender-billed gull, Chroicocephalus genei. I first described the population dynamics of french slender-billed gull colonies, which are currently spreading along the Mediterranean coast. In spite of this expansion, individuals born in France return to their natal area to breed, but their age and sex modulate their recruitment and dispersal behaviours. I added-up to this first results by showing that nestling body condition, a major factor for recruitment, is affected by colony size, arrival date and parental foraging strategy. I further showed that slender-billed gulls gather into social groups whose stability is modulated by colony breeding success. The strength of inter-individual relationships within a colony is thus modulated by its intrinsic properties and its environmental context. Furthermore, I showed that, in black-headed gulls, colony persistance varies with local breeding success while colonization of new sites is mainly related to breeding success in neighbouring colonies. I conclude overall that the multiple organization levels of colonial bird populations, from the individual to the meta-colony, should be studied within integrative frameworks that represent novel conceptual, methodological and technical challenges at the crossroad between population dynamics and the study of social networks.

Submitted by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2016-10-08T15:50:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Daniel Pellegrim Sanchez.pdf: 3197587 bytes, checksum: 6cf823b5b4fc8099c4cc45c5f3650a7e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2016-10-08T15:51:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Daniel Pellegrim Sanchez.pdf: 3197587 bytes, checksum: 6cf823b5b4fc8099c4cc45c5f3650a7e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-08T15:51:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Daniel Pellegrim Sanchez.pdf: 3197587 bytes, checksum: 6cf823b5b4fc8099c4cc45c5f3650a7e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-20 / CAPES / Articulado à ideia de Boaventura de Sousa Santos de que o pensamento moderno ocidental é um pensamento abissal, este trabalho propõe verificar a possível persistência de dispositivos de colonialidade oriundos desse pensamento, de divisões da realidade social e de dominação epistemológica nas artes visuais em Cuiabá, problematizando questões relacionadas ao racismo, à exploração e a outros modos de violência ou desumanização. Além disso, tem em vista articular referenciais teóricos e ferramentas para a construção contínua de conceitos, redes e relacionamentos a serem utilizados na expectativa da positivação e construção de aesthesis e subjetividades decoloniais. O estudo das noções de colonialidade e colonialidade da arte, assim como a investigação do fenômeno no circuito da arte em Cuiabá constituem este trabalho. De acordo com Aníbal Quijano (2000), a colonialidade é parte constitutiva da matriz colonial de poder e resulta de uma classificação racial/étnica seguida de hierarquização que se impõe à população mundial e que atua em diversos âmbitos, planos e dimensões, inclusive materiais e subjetivos, da escala e existência social cotidiana. O chamado racismo epistêmico, por sua vez, refere-se à hierarquia de dominação onde os conhecimentos produzidos por sujeitos ocidentais são considerados como superiores aos conhecimentos produzidos por sujeitos não ocidentais. Na arte, essas hierarquizações se dão por meio dos dualismos ―erudito‖ e ―popular‖, ―regional‖ e ―universal‖, entre outros, como também através de categorizações como arte primitiva, naïf, bruta, artesanal, étnica, cabocla, esquisita etc. Em Cuiabá não há nenhum curso de graduação em artes visuais, mas há uma grande quantidade de artistas autodidatas ("populares"); existem poucos equipamentos culturais e, em geral, administra-se o setor com baixo orçamento, quase sem políticas de intercâmbio. A falta de interesse do setor público somada ao direcionamento decorativo ou "espetacular" que o setor privado designa para as artes visuais no circuito local geram obstáculos intransponíveis para alguns artistas, instituindo um mundo à parte, de isolamento, invisibilidade ou, como disse Aníbal Quijano, "um beco sem saída" para aqueles que miram uma trajetória dentro instituições, equipamentos, eventos, circuitos autorizados/oficiais. Circuitos que, salvo algumas exceções, veem o ―sul do mundo‖ como menos capaz, subalterno no que concerne aos seus saberes, técnicas e artes. No que tange ao Brasil, essa hierarquia, com seus valores e procedimentos, é reproduzida internamente nas relações entre o circuito de arte de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro com as outras cidades do país. Inspirados pelo conceito de pensamento único de Milton Santos, denominamos o circuito autorizado/oficial de trajeto único. O paradigma cuiabano das artes, por isso mesmo, gera inúmeras inquietações e angústias que estão a exigir esforços de decolonização e legitimação de modos outros da produção visual. Com isso, propomos, na esteira de Mignolo, conduzir ações orientadas por pensamentos de resistência, por noções como a de "pensamento de fronteira", de "desobediência epistêmica" e de "aesthesis decolonial", que venham desenganchar-nos da obrigatoriedade de trilhar o trajeto único do circuito hegemônico, nos reposicionando, redefinindo, ou seja, constituindo pluri-trajetórias em circuitos outros. / Articulated with the idea of Boaventura de Sousa Santos that modern Western thinking is an abysmal thought, this work proposes to verify the possible persistence of coloniality devices, divisions of social reality and epistemological dominance in the visual arts in Cuiabá, discussing issues related to racism, exploitation and other forms of violence or dehumanization. Additionally, aims to provide theoretical frameworks and tools for the ongoing construction of concepts, relationships and networks to be used to enhance and build decolonial aesthesis and subjectivities. This work is constituted by the study of the notions of coloniality and coloniality of the art, as well as by the investigation of this phenomenon in the art circuit in Cuiabá. According to Anibal Quijano (2000), coloniality is constitutive of the colonial matrix of power and results from a racial/ethnic classification followed by hierarchy that is imposed on the world's population and which operates in several spheres, planes and dimensions, including materials and subjectives of social scale and existence. The so-called epistemic racism, in turn, refers to the hierarchy of domination where the knowledge produced by Western individuals is considered as superior to knowledge produced by non-Western individuals. In art, these hierarchizations occur through the dualisms "classical" and "popular", "regional" and "universal", among others, as well as through categorizations as primitive, naive, crude, handmade, ethnic, cabocla, weird art etc. In Cuiabá there is no undergraduate degree in visual arts, but there are a lot of ("popular") self-taught artists; there are few cultural equipment and generally the sector is administered with low budget, almost without exchange policies. The lack of interest of the public sector plus the decorative direction or "spectacular" that the private sector refers to the visual arts in the local circuit g enerate insurmountable obstacles for some artists, establishing a world apart, of isolation, invisibility or, as Aníbal Quijano said, "a dead end" for those that target a trajectory within institutions, equipment, events, authorized/official circuits. Circuits that, with some exceptions, see the "South of the world" as less able, subaltern with respect to their knowledge, techniques and arts. With regard to Brazil, this hierarchy, with its values and procedures, is reproduced internally in the relations between the Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro art circuit with the other cities of the country. Inspired by the concept of the ―single thought‖ of Milton Santos, we call the authorized/official circuit by single path. The cuiabano paradigm of arts generates many concerns and anxieties that are demanding efforts of decolonization and legitimation of other visual production modes. Thus, we propose, in the wake of Mignolo, to conduct actions guided by resistance thoughts, notions such as "border thinking", of "epistemic disobedience" and "decolonial aesthesis", which will unhook us from the obligation to tread the single path of the hegemonic circuit, repositioning us, redefining, or constituting multi-paths in circuits others.

abstract: Globalization has brought a renewed interest in the discourses of the past and national/ethnic identities that has been reflected in the cultural production and the social sciences around the globe. Historical novel (and their sequel telenovelas), a literary field closely linked to historiography, reflects, and has contributed to (re)shape the discourses of the past and identity in Latin America. Since the first decades of the 19th century until nowadays, Colombian novelists have explored Colombian identity through historical novels. Their plots and characters are highly influenced by new historiographical trends. During the19th and the first half of the 20th century, Romantic and Realist novels were generally constructed over historicist assumption of the past: the belief that it is possible to acquire a completely “objective” knowledge of the past. However, some outstanding Colombian historical novels, such as La Marquesa de Yolombó (1928), challenged this notion of the past. Since the last decades of the 20th century, Colombian historical novels share an attitude toward the past that Linda Hutcheon has defined as Historiographical Metafiction. This approach to history challenges the idea of an objective total history, and emphasizes the importance of the personal experiences, the subjectivity, of their characters and of the narrative voices. Donde no te Conozcan (2007), Trí¬ptico de la Infamia (2016), and Mancha de la Tierra (2014) are three Colombian historical novels written in the 21st century that share this attitude towards history. They question the nineteenth-century interpretations of Colombian history, especially those related to the role of Jews, Moors, Indigenous, Africans, and mestizos in the colonial social dynamics, and, therefore, in Colombian culture. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation International Letters and Cultures 2018

Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2015-10-19T20:43:38Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Ludimila Stival Cardoso - 2015.pdf: 3817230 bytes, checksum: 46564422564b45b15babfcf03a3f277a (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-10-20T11:07:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Ludimila Stival Cardoso - 2015.pdf: 3817230 bytes, checksum: 46564422564b45b15babfcf03a3f277a (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-20T11:07:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Ludimila Stival Cardoso - 2015.pdf: 3817230 bytes, checksum: 46564422564b45b15babfcf03a3f277a (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-12 / This thesis sought to analyze the presence and social participation of Brazilian foreign policy. We begin our analysis with an investigation of the dichotomy of Prospero and Caliban, two characters within William Shakespeare's play, "The Tempest" (1611), viewed by post-colonial thinkers as representative of the relationship between the colonizer and the colonized. For this thesis, these characters represent the distance between Brazilian foreign policy and Brazilian society. The first, Prospero, is symbolic of those thriving and in power, while the second, Caliban, is symbolic of those whose humanity has been removed by the prerogative of European domination, but who nevertheless resist domination (resist decolonization). We understand that what was needed was a "swing decolonization" in our thesis, so we discussed the prospect of "coloniality of power," of which we believe America, through the Atlantic trade route, to have been a constituent part of the training of the world system. Therefore, the world system and modern capitalism would also be considered colonial. But the "coloniality of power" is related, in particular, to a process that degrades a portion of the indigenous population, such as blacks, and also degrades women, due to their phenotypes, i.e., it is linked to the concept of "race" ("coloniality of being"), as well as to the knowledge of other ("coloniality of knowledge"), and to forms of spirituality and its relationship with nature ("coloniality of nature"). In other words, these strata would be lower than both ontological and epistemological orientation. These initial analyzes led us to revisit historical periods prior to the focus of this thesis: in particular, the time between the Proclamation of the Republic (1889) and the Vargas Era (1930 - 1945). We therefore arrive at colonization, the first contacts between the indigenous peoples and Europeans (Portuguese), the Iberian Union (1580 - 1640), the Portuguese Restoration (1640), and Independence (1822). This process and path has helped us understand how society and the Brazilian State itself is structured. The first is based on the "myth" of territorial greatness; and the second, by pressing the marks of inferiority, we discuss a perspective from the "coloniality of power" and an analysis, even incidentally, of various interpreters of Brazil. We reflect also on the indigenist policy undertaken since the colonial period until the institution of the Republic (1889) arriving in the Vargas (1930 - 1945). We realized with these analyzes that the objective of the Brazilian State was, mainly, to integrate the indigenous population into national communion, transforming it into a labor force, in addition to using it as a protector of borders. At this point, indigenous politics and foreign policy intersect, since one of the main scopes of the latter would be to ensure the safety of the Brazilian territory and, when possible, to enlarge it. We start, then, with an analysis of the reports of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs between 1889 and 1945. After analysis of this documentation, we explore the importance of the integrity of the territory for the Brazilian State, and examine also the existence of a speech in which Brazil appears as an advocate of the principles of a civilization whose political model is epistemic of a social and cultural conscience of the West. A speech that, in addition to addressing other issues, presents the presence and participation of a population contingent upon other ways of life, and other social and economic organization, i.e. indigenous and black. Still, it is an exception, this democratic deficit and participation has changed, to some extent, in the 1980s, when the social movements began to be interested in international affairs, by way of the fight for the maintenance of labor rights, at risk to deregulation of the labor market and a measure of economic liberalization. This process is, however, under construction and depends on an intercultural dialog, which makes the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and its area of operation the place of intersection and connection. / Esta tese procurou analisar a presença e participação social na política externa brasileira. Começamos nossas análises tendo como mote investigativo a dicotomia Próspero/Caliban, duas personagens da peça A tempestade (1611) de Willian Shakespeare, vistas por pensadores pós-coloniais como a representação das relações entre colonizador e colonizado. Para esta tese, essas personagens poderiam significar distância entre a política externa e a sociedade brasileira. A primeira ligada ao Próspero e a segunda ao Caliban, aquele ser do qual é retirado a prerrogativa de humanidade pelo domínio europeu, mas que resiste à dominação (resistência decolonial). Compreendemos que era necessário um “giro decolonial” em nossa tese, por isso discutimos a perspectiva da colonialidade do poder, a partir da qual entendemos que a América era parte constitutiva da formação do sistema-mundo, por meio da rota comercial do Atlântico. Assim, o sistema-mundo moderno e capitalista seria também colonial. Mas a colonialidade do poder está relacionada, sobretudo, a um processo de inferiorização de contingentes populacionais indígenas, negros/afrodescendentes e femininos em razão de seus fenótipos, ou seja, está ligada à noção de “raça” (colonialidade do ser), assim como aos saberes outros (colonialidade do saber) e às formas de espiritualidade outras e suas relações com a natureza (colonialidade da natureza). Em outras palavras, esses estratos seriam inferiores tanto ontológica quanto epistemologicamente. Essas primeiras análises nos levaram a revisitar períodos históricos anteriores ao momento em foco na tese: o lapso de tempo entre a Proclamação da República (1889) e a Era Vargas (1930 – 1945). Voltamos, pois, à colonização, os primeiros contatos entre indígenas e europeus (portugueses), a União Ibérica (1580 – 1640), a Restauração Portuguesa (1640) e a Independência (1822). Um caminho que nos ajudou a compreender como a sociedade e o Estado brasileiro se estruturaram. O primeiro baseado no “mito fundador” da grandeza territorial. E a segunda carregando as marcas da inferioridade, perspectiva que discutimos a partir da colonialidade do poder e de uma análise, ainda que en passant, de diversos intérpretes do Brasil. Detemo-nos também sobre a política indigenista empreendida desde o período colonial até a instituição da República (1889) chegando à Vargas (1930 – 1945). Percebemos com essas análises que o objetivo do Estado brasileiro era, principalmente, integrar o indígena à comunhão nacional transformando-o em mão de obra, além de utilizá-lo como protetor de fronteiras. Nesse ponto política indigenista e política externa se aproximam, já que um dos principais escopos desta última seria assegurar a integridade do território brasileiro e, quando possível ampliá-lo. Começamos, então, a análise dos relatórios do Ministério das Relações Exteriores entre 1889 e 1945. Após a análise dessa documentação, ratificamos a importância da integridade do território para o Estado brasileiro e percebemos também a existência de um discurso no qual o Brasil aparece como defensor dos princípios da civilização, cujo modelo político, epistêmico, social e cultural é o Ocidente. Um discurso que, além de outras questões, inviabiliza a presença e participação de contingentes populacionais com outras formas de existência e de organização social e econômica, ou seja, indígenas e negros/afrodescendentes. Ainda que, cabe uma ressalva, esse déficit democrático e de participação tenha se alterado, em alguma medida, nos anos 1980, quando os movimentos sociais começaram a se interessar pelos assuntos internacionais, em razão da luta pela manutenção dos direitos trabalhistas, em risco pelas medidas de liberalização econômica e desregulamentação do mundo do trabalho. Esse processo está, contudo, em construção e depende de um diálogo intercultural, que torne o Ministério de Relações Exteriores e sua área de atuação o lugar do interepistêmico.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2017-04-06T20:49:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ludmila Pereira de Almeida - 2017.pdf: 2921451 bytes, checksum: dbefb7b41484cce2808c2720c315f6aa (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-04-07T11:17:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ludmila Pereira de Almeida - 2017.pdf: 2921451 bytes, checksum: dbefb7b41484cce2808c2720c315f6aa (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-07T11:17:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ludmila Pereira de Almeida - 2017.pdf: 2921451 bytes, checksum: dbefb7b41484cce2808c2720c315f6aa (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The main objective of this research is to discuss how to configure the language and communication practices performed in the sitcom Todo mundo odeia o Chris (2006). We'll make use of the contributions of the metapragmatic function and metadiscursive schemes (SIGNORINI, 2008) about how the process of social difference and, consequently, of body marker tiers are legitimized communicative practices. This process, articulated to the historical events of ritual acts of speech (AUSTIN, 1998; PEIRANO, 2002; DORNELLES, 2002), produces discourses which effect the intelligibility of the bodies with signs of differentiation, considering that this is a basic construction in the perpetuation of the coloniality of knowledge and power (QUIJANO, 2005) that shapes the way the world is read by an epistemology that regulates and hierarquizes differences. The text-speech Todo mundo odeia o Chris, being translated/dubbed (MARTINS & AMORIN, 2013) producing the trace of the compulsory black diaspora (SANSONE, 2003; GILROY, 2001), is reentextualized from the local-global repertoire (MIGNOLO, 2003) of the brazilian translator, like the language can be used to perpetuate, architect and ritualize normalizing discourses for the control, addressing and notification of bodies (BUTLER, 2003; 1997; PINTO, 2002; 2013a; 2013b). Such actions make the black body vulnerable to acts of naming and violence that historically subordinate them. For this reason, the media narratives (SILVERSTONE, 2002), by providing mediated experiences about the world by the writing of the scenario of signification, enable T.M.O.C to charge the spirituality of the humor (BERGSON, 2001; SALES JR., 2006) via poetic strategies in the exercise of the language (BAUMAN & BRIGGS, 2006) and act against the dominant ideology. The black body is a sign still segregated and undervalued in the context of coloniality/modernity/globalization/State in the Americas, what constitutes a transterritorial fight that specifies in diferent locations while playing the role of dominant forces. So, when T.M.O.C shows a narrative that not only inserts the black body into visibility but do it in a reflexive and critical form with the metapragmatic action, it contradicts the cordiality, the cultural communicability and the not-said that directs the brazilian situation with a neurosis born of itself (GONZALEZ, 1984). / O principal objetivo dessa pesquisa é discutir como se configuram as práticas de linguagem e performatividades de comunicação a partir do seriado sitcom Todo mundo odeia o Chris (2006). Utilizaremos dos aportes da função metapragmática e dos regimes metadiscursivos (SIGNORINI, 2008) sobre como os processos de diferença social e, consequentemente, de hierarquização de marcadores corporais são legitimados nas práticas comunicativas. Esse processo, articulado a eventos históricos de rituais de atos de fala (AUSTIN, 1998; PEIRANO, 2002; DORNELLES, 2002), produz discursos que efetuam a inteligibilidade dos corpos por indicadores de diferença, tendo em vista que essa é uma construção de base na perpetuação da colonialidade do saber e do poder (QUIJANO, 2005) que molda a leitura do mundo por uma epistemologia que regula e hierarquiza as diferenças. O texto-discurso Todo Mundo Odeia o Chris, ao ser traduzido/dublado (MARTINS & AMORIN, 2013) e retomar o traço da diáspora negra (SANSONE, 2003; GILROY, 2001) compulsória reentextualizar, a partir do repertório local-global (MIGNOLO, 2003) do interpretante brasileiro, como a linguagem pode ser usada para perpetuar, arquitetar e ritualizar discursos normalizadores para o controle, endereçamento e interpelação dos corpos (BUTLER, 2003;1997; PINTO, 2002;2013a; 2013b). Tais ações tornam o corpo negro vulnerável a atos de nomeação e violência que o subalternizam historicamente. Por isso, as narrativas midiáticas (SILVERSTONE, 2002), ao fornecerem experiências mediadas sobre o mundo compondo o cenário de significação, possibilitam que T.M.O.C. indicie a espiritualidade do humor (BERGSON, 2001; SALES JR, 2006) por estratégias poéticas de exercitar a linguagem (BAUMAN & BRIGGS, 2006) e agir contra a ideologia dominante. O corpo negro é um signo ainda segregado e subalternizado em contexto de colonialidade/modernidade/globalização/Estado nas Américas e que constitui uma luta transterritorial que se especifica nos locais ao reproduzir as forças dominantes. Portanto, T.M.O.C., ao trazer uma narrativa que não apenas insere o corpo negro em visibilidade, o faz de forma reflexiva e critica pela ação metapragmática, contradiz a cordialidade, a comunicabilidade cultural e o não dito que direciona a situação brasileira, do interpretante, por uma neurose de si mesmo (GONZALEZ, 1984).

A obra mais emblemática do viajante do século XVI João Leão Africano, intitulada Della descrittione dell\'Africa et delle cose notabli che ivi sono, sugere a existência de duas racionalidades integradas: a árabe-islâmica e a europeia-latina. A presente tese busca identificar essas duas camadas de racionalidade no trabalho de João Leão Africano, mostrando que o século XVI produziu um conhecimento plural entre essas duas matrizes culturais, que se relacionavam intensamente no período do Renascimento. Seja pela perspectiva de conflito, pela interação cultural ou pela negociação comercial entre povos cristãos e muçulmanos, o Norte da África e o Mediterrâneo se consolidaram no século XVI como espaços simbióticos. Esses elementos conjunturais, combinados à trajetória pessoal de João Leão Africano e sua relação com o Papa Leão X, moldaram sua visão sobre a África por meio de uma concepção fluida e intersticial do continente. A reflexão sobre o mundo moderno do referido viajante é reforçada pela formação de um padrão de pensamento definido por conceitos como: astúcia, tradução cultural, Fortuna, vergonha, incerteza, e fluidez civilizacional. / The most representative work of the sixteenth century traveler Leo Africanus, entitled Della descrittione dell\'Africa et delle cose che notabli ivi sono, suggests the existence of two intertwined rationalities: the Arab-Islamic and the European-Latin. This research seeks to identify these two layers of rationality in the work of Leo Africanus, showing that the sixteenth century produced plural knowledge between these two cultural sources, intensely connected during the Renaissance. Either from the perspective of conflict, of the cultural interaction or of the commercial negotiation between Christian and Muslim peoples, North Africa and the Mediterranean developed in the sixteenth century as symbiotic spaces. These circumstantial elements, combined with the personal path of Leo Africanus, and his relationship with Pope Leo X, shaped his view of Africa through a fluid and interstitial conception of the continent. Leo Africanus idea about the modern world is strengthened by a thought pattern raised and defined by concepts such as cunning, cultural translation, Fortuna, shame, uncertainty, and civilization fluidity.