Disertacijoje analizuojama ir lyginama bendrosios endotrachėjinės ir kombinuotos endotrachėjinės epiduralinės anestezijos įtaka atskiroms organų sistemoms ir tas sistemas apibūdinantiems rodikliams laparoskopinių kolorektalinių operacijų metu. Darbe nagrinėjama dviejų perioperacinių skausmo malšinimo būdų įtaka hemodinamikos ir kvėpavimo sistemos parametrų kitimo tendencijoms, pacientų trachėjos ekstubacijos laikui, žarnyno motorikos atsinaujinimo greičiui, hospitalizacijos trukmei bei organizmo uždegiminiam atsakui. Laparoskopinės storosios žarnos rezekcinės operacijos, net ir būdamos minimaliai invazinės dėl laparoskopinės operacijos technikos, sužadina stresinį organizmo atsaką bei uždegimo mediatorių išskyrimą. Perioperacinis skausmo valdymas taip pat gali daryti įtaką imuniniam atsakui. Disertacijoje nagrinėjama epiduralinės analgezijos metodo įtaka organizmo stresiniam atsakui tiriant kortizolio kiekio kitimus ir interleukino-6, kaip vieno pagrindinių uždegimą skatinančių citokinų, koncentracijos kitimą taikant epiduralinę analgezijos metodiką. Gauti rezultatai parodė, kad analgezijai pasitelkiant epiduralinį skausmo malšinimo metodą, perioperacinis pacientų skausmo valdymas ir pasitenkinimas yra geresnis, trachėjos ekstubacijos laikas patikimai trumpesnis, žarnyno peristaltikos atsitaisymas ankstyvesnis, sukeliamas stresinis organizmo atsakas mažesnis (mažesnis kortizolio koncentracijos padidėjimas) ir nenustatyta komplikacijų padaugėjimo. / The doctoral dissertation analyses and compares general endotracheal and combined endotracheal epidural anesthesia’s impact on organ systems and describes the systems parameters in laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Comparing two perioperative analgesia techniques used in laparoscopic colorectal surgery the hemodynamic and respiratory parameters trends; the impact of anesthesia and postoperative analgesia methods on patients’ tracheal extubation time, intestinal motility recovery rate, duration of hospitalization and inflammatory response have been determined. Laparoscopic colorectal resection, even being a minimally invasive technique for laparoscopic surgery, stimulates the body's response to stress and pro-inflammatory mediator’s secretion. Perioperative pain management may also influence the immune response. The doctoral dissertation analyses the impact of epidural analgesia method on the body stress response, investigating variations of cortisol and interleukin-6 levels. The results showed that analgesia and patient satisfaction using epidural analgesia method for perioperative pain management were better. Tracheal extubation time was significantly shorter. Recovery of intestinal motility using epidural analgesia was significant and much prior than using intravenous analgesia. The use of epidural analgesia in laparoscopic colorectal surgery caused less stress response – less cortisol levels increase. It has not showed the increase in number of complications.

As complicações de estoma e de pele periestoma comprometem a vida dos estomizados intestinais na realização do autocuidado e na sua reabilitação, e a demarcação de estoma pré-operatória tem sido considerada importante na prevenção destas. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever as complicações de estoma e de pele periestoma de estomizados intestinais demarcados e não demarcados, submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico no ano de 2009, em um hospital universitário de ensino público (CEP/EERP-USP 341.314). Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem quantitativa, de levantamento de 70 prontuários de pacientes demarcados e não demarcados, submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico com confecção de estomia intestinal, no ano de 2009. Do total de 70 (100%) analisados, verificamos que 37 (52,9%) pertenciam ao sexo feminino e 33 (47,1%) masculino. Houve predomínio de 31 (44,3%) sem comorbidades, diagnóstico oncológico 46 (65,8%), 54 (77,1%) nunca haviam sido submetidos às cirurgias intestinais prévias, 56 (80%) cirurgias eletivas e 40 (57,1%) registros de tratamentos adjuvantes. Em relação ao tipo de estoma predominou 46 (65,7%) colostomias e 31 (44,3%) estomas definitivos. Do total, 33 (47,1%) foram demarcados no pré-operatório e 37 (52,9%) não. Em relação às complicações de estoma, no G1 Demarcados identificamos 15 complicações, sendo a hérnia periestoma a mais frequente em quatro (12,1%) pacientes. No G2 Não demarcados obtivemos 32 complicações, sendo a dermatite a mais frequente seis (16,1%) pacientes. Entre os 70 prontuários, as complicações mais registradas foram a dermatite 9 (12,9%), a hérnia periestoma 8 (11,4%), mau funcionamento do estoma 5 (7,1%), prolapso 4 (5,7%), sangramento 4 (5,7%) e extravasamento 4 (5,7%). Diante disso, estudos prospectivos controlados sobre os fatores de risco e a influência da demarcação de estoma pré-operatória poderão contribuir para a prevenção destas complicações em estomizados intestinais / Complications of stoma and peristomal skin compromise the lives of individuals with intestinal ostomy in performing self-care and rehabilitation, and the preoperative stoma site-marking has been considered important in preventing these complications. This study aimed to describe the complications of the stoma and peristomal skin in individuals who had preoperative stoma site-marked and who had not preoperative stoma site-marked underwent surgery in 2009 in a university hospital (CEP/EERP-USP 341.314).This is a quantitative, the survey of 70 medical records of patients stoma site marked and stoma site unmarked, underwent surgical treatment with confection of an ostomy, in 2009. Out of 70 (100%) analyzed, we found that 37 (52.9%) were female and 33 male (47.1%). Predominated 31 (44.3%) without comorbidities, oncologic diagnosis was 46 (65.8%), 54 (77.1%) had never been submitted to intestinal surgeries, 56 was (80%) elective surgery and 40 (57,1%) registers of adjuvant treatments. Regarding the type of stoma 46 predominated (65.7%) colostomies and 31 (44.3%) permanent stomas. In general, 33 (47.1%) were marked preoperatively and 37 (52.9%) was not. Regarding complications of stoma, we had identified 15 complications in the G1 demarcated and peristomal hernia was the most common complication with four (12.1%) cases. We have got 32 complications in the G2 not marked and the most common complication was dermatitis with six cases (16.1%). Among the 70 records, the most common complications recorded were dermatitis 9 (12.9%), peristomal hernia 8 (11.4%), malfunction of the stoma 5 (7.1%), prolapse 4 (5.7%) bleeding 4 (5.7%) and leakage 4 (5.7%). Therefore, prospective controlled studies about the risk factors and the influence of preoperative stoma site-marking may contribute to prevention of these ostomy complications

Introdução: De acordo com a União Internacional Contra o Câncer um mínimo de 12 linfonodos (LN) deve ser obtido no espécime cirúrgico para o estadiamento do câncer colorretal (CCR). Estudos recentes reportaram que o uso da quimioirradioterapia neoadjuvante (QRN) pode resultar na não obtenção do número mínimo de LN na peça em 30-52% dos pacientes. Objetivo: Identificar os fatores relacionados à redução do número de LN ressecados em pacientes submetidos à neoadjuvancia e a excisão total do mesorreto. Pacientes e métodos: De janeiro de 2012 a março de 2013, 160 pacientes com câncer de reto foram submetidos à QRN (5-FU e 5040 Gys) seguida de excisão total de mesorreto com ligadura dos vasos mesentéricos inferiores nas suas raízes. Foram incluídos pacientes com estadiamento T3, T4 e/ou N+ que distavam até 10cm da borda anal e T2N0 que distavam até 7 cm da borda anal. Foram excluídos pacientes cujo tratamento com quimiorradioterapia neoadjuvante foi incompleto, ou que tiveram atrasos significativos para re-estadiamento e/ou realização da cirurgia. Todos foram estadiados através de toque retal, colonoscopia, TC de tórax e de abdome, e RM de pelve e igualmente re-estadiados 8 semanas após o término da neoadjuvância, operados e submetidos a excisão total do mesorreto. Os pacientes foram divididos em 2 grupos: A) menos de 12 LN, e B) 12 ou mais LN. Foram estudadas as possíveis variáveis relacionadas ao número de LN obtidos: sexo, idade, presença de LN acometidos, tamanho do tumor, localização da altura do tumor no reto, comprimento da peça, preservação esfincteriana, via de acesso, estadiamento inicial, grau de resposta tumoral e resposta patológica à quimiorrradioterapia neoadjuvante. Resultados: Noventa e cinco pacientes (60 masculinos) preencheram os critérios de inclusão e conseguiram ser tratados, re-estadiados e operados dentro das datas pré-estabelecidas. A média de LN ressecados foi 23,2 (3-67). Resposta patológica completa foi obtida em 18 pacientes (19%). Um mínimo de 12 LN foram obtidos em 81 pacientes (85%). Dentre os 14 doentes que obtiveram menos de 12 LN, 7 (50%) eram respostas patológicas completas. De todas as variáveis estudadas apenas resposta patológica completa na peça foi fator associado à não obtenção do número mínimo de 12 LN (p=0,002). Conclusões: Em pacientes submetidos à QRN e ETM, a resposta patológica completa foi o único fator associado a não obtenção de um mínimo de 12 de LN na peça / INTRODUCTION: According to the International Union against Cancer a minimum of 12 lymph nodes (LN) must be obtained from the surgical specimen for staging colorrectal cancer. However, recent studies reported that neoadjuvant chemoradiation may result in failure to obtain a minimum number of LN in 30-52 % of patients. OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with decreased number of LN resected in patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy followed by total mesorectal excision (TEM). METHODS: From January/2012 to March/2013, 160 patients with rectal cancer underwent CRT (5 - FU and Gys 5040) followed by TEM and ligation of inferior mesenteric vessels in the roots. Patients with stage T3, T4 and/or N + within 10cm from anal verge were included. Patients with T2N0 located within 7cm from the anal verge were also included. Patients who were not able to complete the chemoradiation treatment or who presented significant delay on restaging and/or surgery were excluded from analyses. All patients were staged by digital rectal examination, colonoscopy, CT of the abdomen and chest, and MRI of the pelvis. Patients were re-staged 8 weeks after completion of neoadjuvant therapy, and submitted to total mesorectal excision right after that. Patients were stratified according to LN retrieval in two groups: A) less than 12 LN, B) 12 or more LN. Possible factors associated with the decreased number of LN were evaluated: gender, age, presence of metastatic LN, tumor size, tumor location, and length of the specimen, sphincter preservation, surgical access, initial staging, tumor regression grade and pathological response to chemoradiation. RESULTS: Ninety-five patients (60 male) met the inclusion criteria and were able to be treated, re-staged and operated within the pre-established intervals. The mean number of resected LN was 23.2 (3-67). Pathological complete response was achieved in 18 patients (19%). A minimum of 12 LN were obtained from 81 patients (85%). Half of the 14 patients with less than 12 LN presented pathologic complete response. Of all the variables studied only pathologic complete response was associated with less than 12 LN yield (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: In patients submitted to chemoradiation followed by TME the complete pathological response was the only factor associated with failure to obtain a minimum of 12 LN in the specimen

Background: Following passage of the Affordable Care Act in 2010, 30-day hospital readmissions have come under greater scrutiny. Excess readmissions for certain medical conditions and procedures now result in penalizations on all Medicare reimbursements. We examined the risk factors, outcomes, and costs of 30-day readmissions after colorectal surgery (CRS). Methods: The University HealthSystem Consortium database was queried for adults (≥ 18 years) who underwent colorectal resection for cancer, diverticular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, or benign tumors between January 2008 and December 2011. Our outcomes of interest were readmission within 30-days of the patient’s index discharge, hospital readmission outcomes, and total direct hospital costs. Results: A total of 70,484 patients survived the index hospitalization after CRS during the years under study, 13.7% (9,632) of which were readmitted within 30 days of discharge. The strongest independent predictors of readmission were: LOS ≥4 days (OR 1.44; 95% CI 1.32-1.57), stoma (OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.45-1.61), and discharge to skilled nursing (OR 1.63; 95% CI 1.49-1.76) or rehabilitation facility (OR 2.93; 95% CI 2.54-3.40). Of those readmitted, half occurred within 7 days of the index admission, 13% required ICU care, 6% had a reoperation, and 2% died during the readmission stay. The median combined total direct hospital cost was over twice as high ($26,917 v. $13,817) for readmitted than for nonreadmitted patients. Conclusions: Readmissions following colorectal resection occur frequently and incur a significant financial burden on the healthcare system. Future studies aimed at targeted interventions for high-risk patients may reduce readmissions and curb escalating healthcare costs. Categorization: Outcomes research; Cost analysis; Colon and Rectal Surgery

Purpose Anastomotic leakage (AL) and surgical site infection (SSI) account for most postoperative complications in colorectal surgery. The aim of this retrospective trial was to investigate whether perioperative selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) reduces these complications and to provide a cost-effectiveness model for elective colorectal surgery. Methods All patients operated between November 2016 and March 2020 were included in our analysis. Patients in the primary cohort (PC) received SDD and those in the historical control cohort (CC) did not receive SDD. In the case of rectal/sigmoid resection, SDD was also applied via a transanally placed Foley catheter (TAFC) for 48 h postoperatively. A propensity score-matched analysis was performed to identify risk factors for AL and SSI. Costs were calculated based on German diagnosis-related group (DRG) fees per case. Results A total of 308 patients (154 per cohort) with a median age of 62.6 years (IQR 52.5–70.8) were analyzed. AL was observed in ten patients (6.5%) in the PC and 23 patients (14.9%) in the CC (OR 0.380, 95% CI 0.174–0.833; P = 0.016). SSI occurred in 14 patients (9.1%) in the PC and 30 patients in the CC (19.5%), representing a significant reduction in our SSI rate (P = 0.009). The cost-effectiveness analysis showed that SDD is highly effective in saving costs with a number needed to treat of 12 for AL and 10 for SSI. Conclusion SDD significantly reduces the incidence of AL and SSI and saves costs for the general healthcare system.

<p>UVOD: Kolorektalna anastomoza koja se formira u dubini karlice radi uspostavljanja kontinuiteta gastrointestinalnog trakta nakon resekcije dijela crijeva ima svoje specifičnosti u toku formiranja, zarastanja, kao i kada se jave komplikacije. Na sam proces zarastanja kolorektalnih anastomoza utiču sistemski, lokalni i tehnički faktori. Bilo kakav kompromis po pitanju ovih principa nosi povećan rizik od komplikacija! Najteža komplikacija na anastomozi je dehiscencija. &bdquo;Samo neučinjena anastomoza neće dehiscirati&ldquo;. Ova stara hirur&scaron;ka poslovica je važeća i danas, a &scaron;to je anastomoza distalnija, mogućnost dehiscencije je veća, posebno kod niskih subperitonealnih anastomoza sa rektumom ili anusom. Učestalost dehiscencija ovih anastomoza u literaturi varira od 0,5 - 69 %, &scaron;to može ukazivati na kvalitet hirur&scaron;kog rada, kori&scaron;ćenje definicije dehiscencije, način dijagnostike, itd. Međunarodna grupa za karcinom rektuma definisala je dehiscenciju anastomoze kao defekt crijevnog zida, uključujući &scaron;avnu ili staplersku liniju neorektalnog rezervoara, &scaron;to dovodi do komunikacije između intra i ekstra luminalnog prostora. CILJEVI: Osnovni cilj ove studije je bio da se utvrde preoperativni i perioperativni faktori rizika značajni za nastanak dehiscencija kolorektalnih anastomoza, kao i značaj prokalcitonina i C-reaktivnog proteina u detekciji dehiscencija kolorektalnih anastomoza u subkliničkoj fazi bolesti. MATERIJAL I METODOLOGIJA: Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 100 pacijenata operisanih u elektivnom programu, kod kojih je urađena radikalna operacija karcinoma rektuma uz kreiranje dvostruke staplerske kolorektalne anastomoze. Svi pacijenti uključeni u istraživanje, odabrani metodom slučajnog izbora, bili su podijeljeni u dvije grupe. Grupa A: pacijenti kod kojih je urađena radikalna operacija karcinoma rektuma i kreirana primarna staplerska kolorektalna anastomoza. Grupa B: pacijenti kod kojih je urađena radikalna operacija karcinoma rektuma Hartmanovom procedurom u prvom aktu, a rekonstrukcija kontinuiteta gastrointestinalnog trakta uspostavljena u drugom aktu kreiranjem sekundarne staplerske kolorektalne anastomoze. Primjenom statističkih testova analizirani su preoperativni (pol, godine života, komorbiditeti, ASA skor, indeks tjelesne mase preoperativna primjena hemoradioterapije, laboratorijske analize) i perioperativni (vrijeme trajanja operacije, udaljenost anastomoze od anokutane linije, veličina tumora u cm, intraoperativna primjena krvi) faktori rizika za nastanak dehiscencije anastomoze kod obje grupe. Kod svih pacijenata drugog i četvrtog postoperativnog dana kontrolisane su vrijednosti C reaktivnog proteina i prokalcitonina u serumu, bez obzira da li su postojali ili ne klinički manifestni znaci dehiscencije anastomoze. Takođe, primjenom ROC krive analizirana je senzitivnost, specifičnost i dijagnostička tačnost C reaktivnog proteina i prokalcitonina drugog i četvrtog postoperativnog dana u detekciji dehiscencije kolorektalne anastomoze. REZULTATI: Nema statistički značajne razlike u pojavi dehiscencije anastomoze između primarnih i sekundarnih dvostrukih staplerskih anastomoza. Incidencija dehiscencija anastomoza je bila 11% u ukupnom uzorku. Osam pacijenata je reoperisano, dok su tri pacijenta tretirana konzervativno. Kod tri pacijenta, kod kojih je nastala dehiscencija i koji su reoperisani, zbog posljedice sepse i septičnog &scaron;oka nastupio je smrtni ishod. Pol, godine života, komorbiditeti, stadijum bolesti, dužina trajanja operacije, intraoperativna primjena krvi, nisu statistički značajni faktori rizika (p&gt;0,05) za nastanak dehiscencije primarnih i sekundarnih dvostrukih staplerskih kolorektalnih anastomoza. Udaljenost anastomoze od anokutane linije (&lt;7cm), veličina tumora preko 5 cm su statistički značajni faktori rizika za nastanak dehiscencije anastomoze. Postoji visoko statistički značajna razlika (p&lt;0,001) vrijednosti CRP-a i PCT-a četvrtog postoperativnog dana kod bolesnika sa i bez prisutne dehiscenecije kolorektalne anastomoze. Na osnovu ROC analize CRP&ndash;a za četvrti postoperativni dan, za graničnu vrijednost od 130 mg/l senzitivnost iznosi 82%, specifičnost 96% i dijagnostička tačnost 94%. Za graničnu vrijednost PCT-a od 0,78 ng/ml za četvrti postoperativni dan primjenom ROC krive utvrđena je sezitivnost 91%, specifičnost 92%, dok je dijagnostička tačnost bila 86%. Četvrti postoperativni dan CRP ima veću dijagnostičku tačnost i specifičnost u detekciji dehiscencije kolorektalne anastomoze u odnosu na PCT. ZAKLJUČAK: I pored velikog tehnolo&scaron;kog napretka, usavr&scaron;avanja hirur&scaron;kih tehnika, boljeg razumijevanja prirode maligne bolesti, unapređivanja intraoperativnog i postoperativnog kontinuiranog praćenja bolesnika, uvođenja novih antimikrobnih lijekova, problem u liječenju i pojava dehiscencija kolorektalnih anastomoza su i dalje značajno prisutni. Otkrivanjem dehiscencija kolorektalnih anastomoza u subkliničkoj fazi, identifikovanje preoperativnih i perioperativnih faktora rizika značajnih za nastanak dehiscencija, omogućilo bi da se dehiscencija ranije uoči i efikasnije rije&scaron;i.</p> / <p>INTRODUCTION: Colorectal anastomosis, which is formed deep in the pelvis because of establishment of continuity of gastrointestinal tract after resection of the part of intestines, has got its specifities during forming and healing process and when complications occur. Systemic, local and technical factors influence the healing process of anastomosis itself. Any kind of compromise in terms of these principles causes higher risk of complications! The most serious complication of anastomosis is dehiscence. &ldquo;Only anastomosis which is not carried out will not dehisce.&rdquo; This old surgical saying is still true, and the more distal anastomosis is, the possibility of development of dehiscence is higher, especially in lower subperitoneal anastomosis with rectum and anus. Incidence of dehiscence of these anastomosis in literature varies from 0,5 to 69 %, which may indicate the quality of surgical work, use of definition of dehiscence, kind of diagnostics etc. International group for rectal cancer defined dehiscence of anastomosis as a defect of intestinal wall, including suturing or stapler line of neorectal reservoir, which leads to communication between intra and extra luminal space. AIMS: Basic aim of this study was to determine preoperative and postoperative risk factors significant for the development of dehiscence of colorectal anastomosis, as well as significance of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein in detection of dehiscence of colorectal anastomosis at the subclinical stage of the disease. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY: The study included 100 patients operated on in the elective programme, on which radical operation of the rectal cancer was carried out with creation of double stapler colorectal anastomosis. All patients included in the study were randomly chosen and divided into two groups. Group A: the patients on which radical operation of the rectal cancer was carried out and primary stapler colorectal anastomosis created. Group B: the patients on which radical operation of the rectal cancer was carried out using Hartman&#39;s procedure in the first act, and reconstruction of the continuity of gastrointestinal tract was established in the second act by creation of secondary stapler colorectal anastomosis. By application of statistical tests preoperative (sex, age, comorbidities, ASA score, body mass index, preoperative application of haemoradiotherapy, laboratory analyses) and perioperative (duration of operation, distance of anastomosis from anocutaneous line, size of tumor in cm, intraoperative application of blood) risk factors for development of dehiscence of anastomosis in both groups were analysed. In all patients on the second and fourth postoperative day values of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin in the serum were analysed, regardless of the existence of clinically or non-clinically manifested signs of dehiscence of anastomosis. Also, sensitivity, specifity and diagnostically accurate C-reactive protein and procalcitonin on the second and fourth postoperative day in detection of dehiscence of colorectal anastomosis were analysed by application of ROC curve. RESULTS: There is no statistically significant difference in the development of dehiscence of anastomosis between primary and secondary double stapler anastomosis. Incidence of dehiscence of anastomosis was 11% in all samples. Eight patients were reoperated on, whereas three patients were treated conservatively. In three patients who developed dehiscence and were reoperated on, the death occurred due to sepsis and septic shock. Sex, age, comorbidities, stage of the disease, duration of operation, intraoperative application of blood were not statistically significant risk factors (p&gt;0,05) for the development of dehiscence of primary and secondary double stapler colorectal anastomosis. Distance of anastomosis from anocutaneous line (&lt;7cm), size of tumor over 5 cm were statistically significant risk factors for the development of dehiscence of anastomosis. There is highly statistically significant difference (p&lt;0,001) values of CRP and PCT on the fourth postoperative day in patients with and without dehiscence of colorectal anastomosis. On the basis of ROC analysis of CRP for the fourth postoperative day, for the bordering value of 130 mg/l sensitivity is 82%, specificity 96% and diagnostic accuracy 94%. For bordering value of PCT of 0,78 ng/ml for the fourth postoperative day, by application of ROC curve, the following values were determined: sensitivity 91%, specificity 92% and diagnostic accuracy 86%. CRP for the fourth postoperative day has got higher diagnostic accuracy and specificity in detection of dehiscence of colorectal anastomosis in relation to PCT. CONCLUSION: In spite of huge technological advance, improvement of surgical techniques, better understanding of the nature of malignant diseases, improvement of intraoperative and postoperative continuous follow up of the patient, introduction of new antimicrobial medicines, the problem in treating and development of dehiscence of colorectal anastomosis is still significantly present. Detection of dehiscence of colorectal anastomosis at the subclinical stage, identification of preoperative and perioperative risk factors significant for the development of dehiscence would help in early detection of dehiscence and contribute to more effective operations.</p>

Na atualidade, a ileostomia em alça é indicada para a proteção de anastomoses colorretais baixas ou colo-anais ou para a proteção de anastomoses íleo-anais em intervenções cirúrgicas de proctocolectomia total com confecção de bolsa ileal no tratamento cirúrgico das doenças inflamatórias intestinais, polipose adenomatosa familiar, tumores colorretais, doença diverticular e trauma. Índices de complicações elevados observados têm posto em dúvida o uso ampliado desse tipo de estoma apoiando-se em dados da literatura que, além de controversos, são originários de estudos retrospectivos de casuísticas pequenas. Outrossim, os dados na literatura brasileira são escassos. Assim, realizou-se estudo retrospectivo sobre resultados imediatos do fechamento de ileostomia em alça no período compreendido entre de março de 1991 e março de 2001, no Serviço de Cirurgia do Cólon Reto e Ânus do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. As variáveis consideradas foram ocorrência de complicações e o estado final do paciente (sem ileostomia ou não), correlacionadas com os dados do paciente, da doença que levou à confecção do estoma, dos tratamentos médicos e cirúrgicos anteriores e do próprio procedimento cirúrgico. Os testes estatísticos empregados foram o exato de Fisher para dados pontuais, o não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis para os dados temporais e, ao final, análise multivariada. O nível de significância foi de 95% (p<0,05). Foram estudados os prontuários de 131 doentes. Trinta e um apresentavam-se incompletos e, juntamente com três que foram submetidos a fechamento de ileostomia com anastomose mecânica, foram excluídos deste trabalho. A condição que motivou a ileostomia foi doença inflamatória em 73 casos (75,2%), neoplasia em 14,4%, polipose adenomatosa familial em 3% e outras doenças em 7,2%. O uso de corticóides foi assim distribuído: pacientes que nunca tomaram corticóide ?32 (32.9%), que faziam uso de corticóide há menos de 12 meses - quatro casos (4,1%), que faziam uso de corticóide há mais de 12 meses? 11 casos (11.3%), que fizeram uso de corticóide e que na época do fechamento da ileostomia usavam imunossupressor ou imunomodulador - nove casos (9,2%), pacientes que já tomaram corticóide e que interromperam o uso desta droga há menos de 12 meses - 31 (31.9%), e pacientes que já tomaram corticóde mas não faziam uso da droga há mais de 12 meses - 10 (10,3%). Na análise das somatórias das operações anteriores ao fechamento da ileostomia, houve a manipulação considerada menor em 65 casos (67%), e em 32 casos (32,9%) houve maior manipulação cirúrgica prévia ao fechamento da ileostomia. O período entre a confecção e o fechamento da ileostomia teve a mediana de 27 semanas (2 a 146 semanas). Cinqüenta e três pacientes sofreram preparo intestinal anterógrado pré-operatório (54,6%), quarenta não foram submetidos a nenhum tipo de preparo intestinal (41,2%), e quatro pacientes (4,1%) receberam preparo intestinal retrógrado Empregaram-se antibióticos em 91 dos casos (93,8%), dos quais 63 (64,9%) usaram-nos por curto período e 28 casos (28,8%) tiveram seus antibióticos usados.por mais tempo. Detalhes técnicos operatórios estudados compreenderam: 1) graduação do cirurgião, com 77 casos (79,3%) operados por cirurgiões experientes, dez pacientes (10,3%) operados por cirurgiões com pós-graduação concluída no nível de mestrado, e dez (10,3%) operados por equipe formada por médicos residentes e preceptores; 2) acesso cirúrgico por incisão periestomal (93 casos? 95,8%) ou laparotomia longitudinal (quatro casos- 4,1%); 3) ressecção do segmento ileal exteriorizado (nove casos- 9,2%) ou não (88 casos- 90.7%); 4) sutura intestinal contínua (78 casos- 80,4%) ou em pontos separados (19 indivíduos- 19,5%); 5) em um plano (setenta casos- 72,1%) ou dois planos (27 casos- 27,9%); 6) o tipo de fechamento da aponeurose da parede abdominal com sutura contínua empregada em 55 casos (56,7%) e sutura em pontos separados em 42 casos (43,2%). O índice de complicações gerais foi de 40,2% - 39 casos - (29,8% de resolução clínica e 10,3% cirúrgica). A mediana do período de internação dos pacientes foi de 12 dias. Ocorreram cinco casos de deiscência ou abscesso de parede abdominal, três casos de deiscência de anastomose intestinal, um de abscesso intracavitário (drenado cirurgicamente), um de fístula estercorácea, um de estenose da anastomose íleo-anal detectada no pós-operatório, um de insuficiência renal aguda, e um último apresentou vômitos persistentes. Não houve influência do sexo, da faixa etária, da doença que originou o estoma, da manipulação cirúrgica prévia, do emprego do preparo intestinal ou não e os aspectos técnicos operatórios nos índices de complicações. O uso de sutura contínua, apesar de reduzir o tempo cirúrgico (p=0,02), esteve associado a complicações (p=0,04). Por outro lado, o fechamento da aponeurose com sutura contínua, além de reduzir o tempo operatório (p=0,002), foi associada à menor índice de complicações (p=0,002). A realimentação nas primeiras 48 horas de pós-operatório associou-se a maior índice de complicações (p=0,054). O uso crônico de corticóides correlacionou-se com menor proporção de obstrução intestinal (p=0,04). Antibióticos em uso prolongado foram mais relacionados com as complicações (p=0,0001). A análise multivariada (regressão logística) verificou a relação em proporção direta entre o período desde a confecção até o fechamento da ileostomia e a ocorrência de complicações (odds ratio=1,02) e o modo do uso de antibióticos (odds ratio=30,36 para uso prolongado). Do exposto, concluiu-se que a doença e o porte da intervenção cirúrgica que levou à realização de ileostomia em alça não tiveram influência significativa no índice de complicações; que o uso crônico de corticóides gerou menor índice de ocorrência de obstrução intestinal; que o preparo intestinal para o fechamento de ileostomia pôde ser dispensado; que a sutura intestinal contínua associou-se a maior número de complicações; que a experiência do cirurgião responsável pelo fechamento da ileostomia não determinou maior número de complicações; que o tempo decorrido entre a confecção e o fechamento da ileostomia acrescentou maior risco de complicações a cada semana, e que a decisão do cirurgião quanto ao uso prolongado de antibióticos foi correlacionada com maior ocorrência de complicações / Loop ileostomies have been commonly used for diversion of fecal stream, in order to protect low colorectal, coloanal or íleo-anal anastomosis performed for a variety of primary diseases such as colorectal cancer (CRC), inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), diverticular disease and trauma. However, high morbidity rates associated with this type of stoma have limited its wide spread use. This limitation is supported by controversial data, based mostly in retrospective studies with small number of patients. Moreover, national data on the subject is minimal. Therefore, a retrospective study was designed to determine immediate results of loop ileostomy closure in the period between March 1991 and March 2001, at the Colorectal Surgery Division of the Hospital das Clínicas University of São Paulo Medical School. Primary end-points included perioperative complication occurrence and final patient status (ileostomy-free or not). These events were correlated to patient demographic data, primary disease requiring loop ileostomy, previous medical treatment, previous operations and loop ileostomy closure characteristics. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher\'s exact test for categorical variables, Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test for temporal variables and multivariate analysis. P values of 0.05 or less were considered significant. One hundred and thirty-one patient\'s records were reviewed. Thirty-one patients with unavailable hospital records and three patients managed by mechanical stapled ileostomy closure technique were excluded from the study. Primary disease requiring loop ileostomy construction was IBD in 75.2%, CRC in 14.4%, FAP in 3% and others in 7.2% of the cases. Steroid use was classified into patients that have never used - 32 cases (32.9%), patients that have used only within the last 12 months - 4 cases (4.1%), patients that have used for more than 12 months - 11 cases (11.3%), patients that have used but are now under immunosupressors or immunomodulators - 9 cases (9.2%), patients that have used but are currently off steroids for less than 12 months - 31 cases (31.9%) and patients that have used but are currently off steroids for more than 12 months - 10 cases (10.3%). Previous operations included 4-quadrant procedures in 65 cases (67%) and five or more quadrants (multiple procedures) in 32 cases (32.9%). Median interval between stoma creation and closure was 27 weeks (ranging from 2 to 146 weeks). Fifty-three patients underwent preoperative anterograde mechanical bowel preparation (54,6%), forty underwent no specific preoperative bowel preparation (41.2%) and 4 underwent retrograde mechanical bowel preparation (4.1%). Perioperative antibiotic administration was performed in 91 patients (93.8%). Short-term antibiotic use (less than or up to 72hs) occurred in 63 patients (64.9%) while long-term antibiotic use (more than 72hs) occurred in 28 cases (28.8%). Technical variables included: surgeon?s experience, being 77 cases managed by experienced surgeons (79.3%), 10 cases (10.3%) by surgeons with intermediate experience (post-graduate level) and 10 cases by colorectal surgery residents or fellows (10.3%); access strategy including peri-stomal incision in 93 cases (95.8%) and longitudinal mid-line laparotomy in 4 cases (4.1%); resection of an ileal segment in 9 cases (9.2%) or non-resection in 88 cases (90.7%); continuous intestinal suture line in 78 cases (80.4%) or interrupted suture in 19 cases (19.5%); single suture layer in 70 cases (72.1%) or two-layer suture in 27 cases (27.9%); and type of primary aponeurotic layer closure, being continuous suture in 55 cases (56.7%) and interrupted suture in 42 cases (43.2%). Overall complication rate was 40.2% (39 patients) requiring medical management in 29.8% and surgical management in 10.3% of the cases. Median hospital stay period was 12 days. Complications included wound dehiscence or abscess in five patients, intestinal suture dehiscence in three, an intraperitoneal abscess (surgically drained) in one, a stercoracic fistulae in one, an ileo-anal anastomosis stenosis in one, acute renal insufficiency in one and persistent emesis in one patient. There was no correlation between gender, age, primary disease, previous operations or bowel preparation and complication occurrence. Regarding technical characteristics, continuous intestinal suture was associated with shorter duration of surgery (p=0.02) and with higher rates of complication (p=0.04). On the other hand, continuous aponeurotic layer closure was associated with shorter duration of surgery (p=0.002) but also with decreased complication rates (p=0.002). Early oral food intake (first 48 hours from operation) was associated with higher complication rates (p=0.054). Chronic steroid use was associated with lower risk of post-operative small bowel obstruction (SBO) development (p=0.04). Long-term antibiotic administration was associated with increased complication rates (p=0.0001). Multivariate analysis (logistic regression) revealed a correlation in direct proportion between interval period (stoma creation-closure) and complication occurrence (odds ratio=1.02). Also, a same correlation was observed for antibiotic use pattern (long-term vs short-term) and complication occurrence (odds ratio=30.36 for long-term). In conclusion, primary disease or operation requiring loop ileostomy creation was not associated with complication occurrence; chronic steroid use may have a protective effect on post-operative SOB development; mechanical bowel preparation may be unnecessary; continuous intestinal suture was associated with higher complication rates; surgeon?s experience was not associated with complication occurrence; greater interval between ileostomy creation and closure is associated with increased risk of complication occurrence; and surgeon\'s intention to long-term use of antibiotics is also associated with increased complication rates

Na atualidade, a ileostomia em alça é indicada para a proteção de anastomoses colorretais baixas ou colo-anais ou para a proteção de anastomoses íleo-anais em intervenções cirúrgicas de proctocolectomia total com confecção de bolsa ileal no tratamento cirúrgico das doenças inflamatórias intestinais, polipose adenomatosa familiar, tumores colorretais, doença diverticular e trauma. Índices de complicações elevados observados têm posto em dúvida o uso ampliado desse tipo de estoma apoiando-se em dados da literatura que, além de controversos, são originários de estudos retrospectivos de casuísticas pequenas. Outrossim, os dados na literatura brasileira são escassos. Assim, realizou-se estudo retrospectivo sobre resultados imediatos do fechamento de ileostomia em alça no período compreendido entre de março de 1991 e março de 2001, no Serviço de Cirurgia do Cólon Reto e Ânus do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. As variáveis consideradas foram ocorrência de complicações e o estado final do paciente (sem ileostomia ou não), correlacionadas com os dados do paciente, da doença que levou à confecção do estoma, dos tratamentos médicos e cirúrgicos anteriores e do próprio procedimento cirúrgico. Os testes estatísticos empregados foram o exato de Fisher para dados pontuais, o não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis para os dados temporais e, ao final, análise multivariada. O nível de significância foi de 95% (p<0,05). Foram estudados os prontuários de 131 doentes. Trinta e um apresentavam-se incompletos e, juntamente com três que foram submetidos a fechamento de ileostomia com anastomose mecânica, foram excluídos deste trabalho. A condição que motivou a ileostomia foi doença inflamatória em 73 casos (75,2%), neoplasia em 14,4%, polipose adenomatosa familial em 3% e outras doenças em 7,2%. O uso de corticóides foi assim distribuído: pacientes que nunca tomaram corticóide ?32 (32.9%), que faziam uso de corticóide há menos de 12 meses - quatro casos (4,1%), que faziam uso de corticóide há mais de 12 meses? 11 casos (11.3%), que fizeram uso de corticóide e que na época do fechamento da ileostomia usavam imunossupressor ou imunomodulador - nove casos (9,2%), pacientes que já tomaram corticóide e que interromperam o uso desta droga há menos de 12 meses - 31 (31.9%), e pacientes que já tomaram corticóde mas não faziam uso da droga há mais de 12 meses - 10 (10,3%). Na análise das somatórias das operações anteriores ao fechamento da ileostomia, houve a manipulação considerada menor em 65 casos (67%), e em 32 casos (32,9%) houve maior manipulação cirúrgica prévia ao fechamento da ileostomia. O período entre a confecção e o fechamento da ileostomia teve a mediana de 27 semanas (2 a 146 semanas). Cinqüenta e três pacientes sofreram preparo intestinal anterógrado pré-operatório (54,6%), quarenta não foram submetidos a nenhum tipo de preparo intestinal (41,2%), e quatro pacientes (4,1%) receberam preparo intestinal retrógrado Empregaram-se antibióticos em 91 dos casos (93,8%), dos quais 63 (64,9%) usaram-nos por curto período e 28 casos (28,8%) tiveram seus antibióticos usados.por mais tempo. Detalhes técnicos operatórios estudados compreenderam: 1) graduação do cirurgião, com 77 casos (79,3%) operados por cirurgiões experientes, dez pacientes (10,3%) operados por cirurgiões com pós-graduação concluída no nível de mestrado, e dez (10,3%) operados por equipe formada por médicos residentes e preceptores; 2) acesso cirúrgico por incisão periestomal (93 casos? 95,8%) ou laparotomia longitudinal (quatro casos- 4,1%); 3) ressecção do segmento ileal exteriorizado (nove casos- 9,2%) ou não (88 casos- 90.7%); 4) sutura intestinal contínua (78 casos- 80,4%) ou em pontos separados (19 indivíduos- 19,5%); 5) em um plano (setenta casos- 72,1%) ou dois planos (27 casos- 27,9%); 6) o tipo de fechamento da aponeurose da parede abdominal com sutura contínua empregada em 55 casos (56,7%) e sutura em pontos separados em 42 casos (43,2%). O índice de complicações gerais foi de 40,2% - 39 casos - (29,8% de resolução clínica e 10,3% cirúrgica). A mediana do período de internação dos pacientes foi de 12 dias. Ocorreram cinco casos de deiscência ou abscesso de parede abdominal, três casos de deiscência de anastomose intestinal, um de abscesso intracavitário (drenado cirurgicamente), um de fístula estercorácea, um de estenose da anastomose íleo-anal detectada no pós-operatório, um de insuficiência renal aguda, e um último apresentou vômitos persistentes. Não houve influência do sexo, da faixa etária, da doença que originou o estoma, da manipulação cirúrgica prévia, do emprego do preparo intestinal ou não e os aspectos técnicos operatórios nos índices de complicações. O uso de sutura contínua, apesar de reduzir o tempo cirúrgico (p=0,02), esteve associado a complicações (p=0,04). Por outro lado, o fechamento da aponeurose com sutura contínua, além de reduzir o tempo operatório (p=0,002), foi associada à menor índice de complicações (p=0,002). A realimentação nas primeiras 48 horas de pós-operatório associou-se a maior índice de complicações (p=0,054). O uso crônico de corticóides correlacionou-se com menor proporção de obstrução intestinal (p=0,04). Antibióticos em uso prolongado foram mais relacionados com as complicações (p=0,0001). A análise multivariada (regressão logística) verificou a relação em proporção direta entre o período desde a confecção até o fechamento da ileostomia e a ocorrência de complicações (odds ratio=1,02) e o modo do uso de antibióticos (odds ratio=30,36 para uso prolongado). Do exposto, concluiu-se que a doença e o porte da intervenção cirúrgica que levou à realização de ileostomia em alça não tiveram influência significativa no índice de complicações; que o uso crônico de corticóides gerou menor índice de ocorrência de obstrução intestinal; que o preparo intestinal para o fechamento de ileostomia pôde ser dispensado; que a sutura intestinal contínua associou-se a maior número de complicações; que a experiência do cirurgião responsável pelo fechamento da ileostomia não determinou maior número de complicações; que o tempo decorrido entre a confecção e o fechamento da ileostomia acrescentou maior risco de complicações a cada semana, e que a decisão do cirurgião quanto ao uso prolongado de antibióticos foi correlacionada com maior ocorrência de complicações / Loop ileostomies have been commonly used for diversion of fecal stream, in order to protect low colorectal, coloanal or íleo-anal anastomosis performed for a variety of primary diseases such as colorectal cancer (CRC), inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), diverticular disease and trauma. However, high morbidity rates associated with this type of stoma have limited its wide spread use. This limitation is supported by controversial data, based mostly in retrospective studies with small number of patients. Moreover, national data on the subject is minimal. Therefore, a retrospective study was designed to determine immediate results of loop ileostomy closure in the period between March 1991 and March 2001, at the Colorectal Surgery Division of the Hospital das Clínicas University of São Paulo Medical School. Primary end-points included perioperative complication occurrence and final patient status (ileostomy-free or not). These events were correlated to patient demographic data, primary disease requiring loop ileostomy, previous medical treatment, previous operations and loop ileostomy closure characteristics. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher\'s exact test for categorical variables, Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test for temporal variables and multivariate analysis. P values of 0.05 or less were considered significant. One hundred and thirty-one patient\'s records were reviewed. Thirty-one patients with unavailable hospital records and three patients managed by mechanical stapled ileostomy closure technique were excluded from the study. Primary disease requiring loop ileostomy construction was IBD in 75.2%, CRC in 14.4%, FAP in 3% and others in 7.2% of the cases. Steroid use was classified into patients that have never used - 32 cases (32.9%), patients that have used only within the last 12 months - 4 cases (4.1%), patients that have used for more than 12 months - 11 cases (11.3%), patients that have used but are now under immunosupressors or immunomodulators - 9 cases (9.2%), patients that have used but are currently off steroids for less than 12 months - 31 cases (31.9%) and patients that have used but are currently off steroids for more than 12 months - 10 cases (10.3%). Previous operations included 4-quadrant procedures in 65 cases (67%) and five or more quadrants (multiple procedures) in 32 cases (32.9%). Median interval between stoma creation and closure was 27 weeks (ranging from 2 to 146 weeks). Fifty-three patients underwent preoperative anterograde mechanical bowel preparation (54,6%), forty underwent no specific preoperative bowel preparation (41.2%) and 4 underwent retrograde mechanical bowel preparation (4.1%). Perioperative antibiotic administration was performed in 91 patients (93.8%). Short-term antibiotic use (less than or up to 72hs) occurred in 63 patients (64.9%) while long-term antibiotic use (more than 72hs) occurred in 28 cases (28.8%). Technical variables included: surgeon?s experience, being 77 cases managed by experienced surgeons (79.3%), 10 cases (10.3%) by surgeons with intermediate experience (post-graduate level) and 10 cases by colorectal surgery residents or fellows (10.3%); access strategy including peri-stomal incision in 93 cases (95.8%) and longitudinal mid-line laparotomy in 4 cases (4.1%); resection of an ileal segment in 9 cases (9.2%) or non-resection in 88 cases (90.7%); continuous intestinal suture line in 78 cases (80.4%) or interrupted suture in 19 cases (19.5%); single suture layer in 70 cases (72.1%) or two-layer suture in 27 cases (27.9%); and type of primary aponeurotic layer closure, being continuous suture in 55 cases (56.7%) and interrupted suture in 42 cases (43.2%). Overall complication rate was 40.2% (39 patients) requiring medical management in 29.8% and surgical management in 10.3% of the cases. Median hospital stay period was 12 days. Complications included wound dehiscence or abscess in five patients, intestinal suture dehiscence in three, an intraperitoneal abscess (surgically drained) in one, a stercoracic fistulae in one, an ileo-anal anastomosis stenosis in one, acute renal insufficiency in one and persistent emesis in one patient. There was no correlation between gender, age, primary disease, previous operations or bowel preparation and complication occurrence. Regarding technical characteristics, continuous intestinal suture was associated with shorter duration of surgery (p=0.02) and with higher rates of complication (p=0.04). On the other hand, continuous aponeurotic layer closure was associated with shorter duration of surgery (p=0.002) but also with decreased complication rates (p=0.002). Early oral food intake (first 48 hours from operation) was associated with higher complication rates (p=0.054). Chronic steroid use was associated with lower risk of post-operative small bowel obstruction (SBO) development (p=0.04). Long-term antibiotic administration was associated with increased complication rates (p=0.0001). Multivariate analysis (logistic regression) revealed a correlation in direct proportion between interval period (stoma creation-closure) and complication occurrence (odds ratio=1.02). Also, a same correlation was observed for antibiotic use pattern (long-term vs short-term) and complication occurrence (odds ratio=30.36 for long-term). In conclusion, primary disease or operation requiring loop ileostomy creation was not associated with complication occurrence; chronic steroid use may have a protective effect on post-operative SOB development; mechanical bowel preparation may be unnecessary; continuous intestinal suture was associated with higher complication rates; surgeon?s experience was not associated with complication occurrence; greater interval between ileostomy creation and closure is associated with increased risk of complication occurrence; and surgeon\'s intention to long-term use of antibiotics is also associated with increased complication rates

Den här typen av cancer är en fulcancer, det är svårt att vänja sig vid. En kvalitativ studie om kvinnors upplevelser av sexualitet och sexuell funktion efter kirurgi i ändtarmen. Examensarbete i sexologi, 30 högskolepoäng. Malmö Universitet: Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle, Institutionen för socialt arbete, 2020. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur kvinnor som behandlats för ändtarmscancer upplever sexualiteten och den sexuella funktion genom att belysa frågor om den fysiska kroppen, interna processer som tankar och känslor samt yttre faktorer som sammanhang. Ambitionen med studien är att bidra med kunskap till professionella som möter cancerpatienter. Empirin i studien innefattar 7 semistrukturerade intervjuer som har analyserats genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Teman som framkom var; kroppen, hjärnan och kontexten, tankar om normalitet och upplevelsen av en avvikande kropp, den sexuella personligheten, sex i ett sammanhang; distinktionen mellan lust och incitament, strategier för att hantera utmaningar samt tankar om bemötande inom vården. Studien visar på att individuella variationer som grundas på kvinnornas kognitiva scheman påverkar hur sexuellt relevanta handlingar tolkas och vilka beteenden som följer, vilket är viktigt att beakta efter cancerbehandling. I materialet sågs ett samband mellan negativa tankeprocesser samt upplevda sexuella problem. Genomgående hos flera av informanterna fanns en rädsla för att bli dömd, av partner och av andra människor i allmänhet. Att få cancer i ändtarmen tolkades som stigmatiserande, genom att förlora en funktion som tidigare har kunnat styras mer diskret, upplevde flera av kvinnorna att det hämmade deras liv. Professionellt bemötande var betydelsefullt för den sexuella rehabiliteringen och för att hitta strategier som fungerar efter avslutad behandling. / This kind of cancer is the ugly kind, it’s difficult to get used to. A qualitative study of women’s experiences of sexuality and sexual function after rectal surgery. Master Thesis in Sexology, 30 credits. Malmö University: Faculty of Health and Society, Department of Social Work, 2020. The purpose of the study was to investigate how women who have been treated for colorectal cancer experience sexuality and sexual function with focus on questions considering the physical body, internal processes such as thoughts and feelings, and external factors such as context. The ambition of the study is to contribute knowledge to professionals in healthcare who meet cancer patients in general. The empirical data in the study includes 7 semi-structured interviews that have been analysed through qualitative content analysis. The themes that emerged were; body, brain and the context, thoughts about normality and the experience of an abnormal body, the sexual personality, sex in a context; the distinction between desire and incentives, strategies for dealing with challenges and perspectives on healthcare. The study shows that individual variations based on women's cognitive schemas influence how sexually relevant stimuli are interpreted and affects the behaviours that follow, which is important to consider after cancer treatment. The study shows a connection between negative thoughts and perceived sexual problems. The informants presented a fear of being judged, by partners and in general. Cancer in the rectum was interpreted as stigmatizing by losing a function that previously could be discreetly controlled, several of the women felt that they were inhibited in their lives. Professional help was important for sexual rehabilitation and finding positive sexual strategies.

L’angiographie par fluorescence au vert d’indocyanine (ICG-FA) est une technologie d’imagerie non-invasive ayant été validée pour évaluer la perfusion tissulaire, pour délimiter l’anatomie des voies biliaires extra-hépatiques et pour localiser les ganglions et les vaisseaux lymphatiques. Depuis les années 2000, son utilisation connaît une expansion dans diverses spécialités chirurgicales incluant la chirurgie pédiatrique. Ce mémoire explore les indications actuelles de l’angiographie par fluorescence au vert d’indocyanine en pédiatrie et son introduction lors de résections intestinales pédiatriques à l’aide d’un essai clinique prospectif de faisabilité. Alors que l’utilisation de l’ICG-FA est bien définie en chirurgie adulte, cette technologie demeure peu utilisée en pédiatrie. Une revue systématique avec synthèse narrative portant sur l’utilisation de la technologie en contexte périopératoire chez la population pédiatrique a été menée. La majorité des articles étaient des études de cas et des séries de cas (n=36 ; 56%). Aucun effet indésirable relié au vert d’indocyanine n’a été rapporté. Le risque de biais de sélection et d’information était élevé. Les résultats de la revue systématique indiquent que bien que les indications demeurent limitées en pédiatrie, un intérêt important pour la technologie est noté à travers l’augmentation du nombre de publications sur le sujet. L’ICG-FA est un outil fréquemment utilisé en chirurgie colorectale adulte pour évaluer la vascularisation intestinale. Un essai clinique prospectif de phase II a été mené afin d’établir la faisabilité et l’impact de l’utilisation de l’ICG-FA lors de chirurgies pédiatriques d’urgence et électives nécessitant une résection intestinale. Les résultats de l’étude prouvent que l’introduction de la technologie est faisable, sécuritaire et simple. Par ailleurs, 95% des membres de l’équipe chirurgicale considèrent la technologie sécuritaire. / Indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICG-FA) is a validated non-invasive imaging technology used to evaluate tissue perfusion, delineate biliary anatomy, and localize lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels. Since the 2000s, its use has grown in various surgical subspecialties including pediatric surgery. This thesis explores the current ICG-FA indications in pediatric surgical subspecialties and its introduction in pediatric bowel resections by the mean of a prospective feasibility clinical trial. While ICG-FA is well established in adult surgery, the technology remains sparsely used in pediatric surgery. A systematic review with narrative synthesis on the perioperative ICG-FA use in the pediatric population was conducted. Most articles were case reports and case series (n=36; 56%). No adverse event related to ICG occurred. Risk of selection and information biases was high. The results show that pediatric applications of ICG remain currently limited, but significant interest in the technology is seen with the rising number of publications on the subject. ICG-FA is a frequently used tool in adult colorectal surgery to determine intestinal perfusion. A prospective Phase II clinical trial was conducted to establish the feasibility and impact of ICG-FA use during emergency and elective pediatric surgeries requiring bowel resection. The study results indicate that the introduction of the technology is feasible, safe, and simple. They show that 95% of the surgical team agreed that ICG-FA was safe.