No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

El régimen soviético dio mucha importancia al cine como medio de comunicación con la población y difusión de valores, especialmente aquellos referidos al compromiso con la Revolución, como la solidaridad y el desprendimiento. Muchas películas eran protagonizadas por mujeres que actuaban con liderazgo y colocaban el cumplimiento de su misión por encima de los sentimientos. Sin embargo, tras la muerte de Stalin, también varios cineastas lograron desafiar la censura y expresar diversas críticas hacia el régimen, siendo las comedias el género privilegiado para ello. Durante los años del Deshielo (1953-1964), en varias exitosas comedias se criticó el autoritarismo del período estalinista y el control asfixiante que había existido sobre sobre las expresiones culturales. Durante el período del Estancamiento (1965-1986) en muchas comedias se mostraban problemas como la escasez de productos, la economía ilegal y los privilegios de los burócratas. En relación a la mujer, un tema recurrente fue cómo sacrificaban sus vínculos sociales y proyectos personales por seguir la causa del Estado soviético y solamente cuando afirmaban su femineidad y cuidaban su apariencia lograban ser felices. Posteriormente, con la disolución de la Unión Soviética (1991), muchas películas describían una atmósfera de frustración y desesperanza, pero algunos cineastas afirmaron en sus películas que en medio de la crisis, las personas debían ser coherentes con sus propios valores. Para las mujeres, la opción de ser bellas y glamorosas ya no era realmente garantía de felicidad. / For the Soviet regime, cinema was a very important mechanism to disseminate values among people, specially support of the revolution and solidarity and self-sacrifice. Women were the main characters in many films acting as leaders and placing the fulfillment of their misión before their feelings. However, after Stalin’s death, some directors decided to defy censorship and to express their criticism to the regime, specially using comedies. During Thaw period (1953-1964) some succesful comedies criticised the authoritarianism of stalinism and the suffocanting control over cultural expressions, although these pictures did not reject the socialist regime. During the Stagnation period (1965-1986) many comedies showed problems such a shortage of basic products, underground economy, privileges of bureacrats and alienation of some people, above all women, who sacrified their social and personal life because were totally devoted to the Soviet regime. Only when those women asserted female condiction, taking care of their physical appearance and following tradicional gender roles, managed to be happy. Finally, after the disolution of the Soviet Union, many films described an atmosphere of frustration and lack of hope, but some directors insisted that, in the middle of the crisis, people shoud be coherent with their values. For women, trying to be beautiful and glamorouse no longer guaranteed happiness.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

La production théâtrale du Siècle d’Or espagnol com-prend de nombreuses pièces traitant de sujets historiques con-temporains. L’intérêt pour cette matière historique s’observe particulièrement chez un dramaturge emblématique de cette période : Lope de Vega. Bien que la finalité de cet emploi puisse être variée, elle possède souvent un intérêt extra dra-matique. Le choix des événements mis en scène par Lope de Vega est souvent en lien avec des événements correspondant au moment de l’écriture de la pièce. La comedia Carlos V en Francia, écrite en 1604, fait partie de ces pièces historiques où l’on constate une altération des événements en lien avec l’actualité politique de l’époque. Le travail de thèse ici présenté propose une édition critique annotée de Carlos V en Francia de Lope de Vega, précédée d’une étude introductive centrée, premièrement, sur son aspect historique et son intérêt extra dramatique, puis sur les spécificités des mécanismes drama-tiques mis en œuvre dans cette pièce par le dramaturge no-tamment en ce qui concerne dans le système des person-nages, la versification et la structure. / The theatrical production of the Spanish Golden Age pro-poses numerous plays dealing with contemporary historical subjects. The interest for this historical material can be particu-larly observed in a symbolic playwright of this period: Lope de Vega. Although the purpose of this material can vary, it often possesses an extradramatic interest. The choice of events staged by Lope de Vega is often connected to corresponding events at the time of writing. The play Carlos V en Francia, written in 1604, is a part of these historical plays where we notice an alteration of events in connection with the political current events of Lope de Vega’s time. The work of the thesis presented here proposes a critical edition with notes of Carlos V en Francia by Lope de Vega, preceded by an introductory study which focuses foremost on its historic aspect and its extradramatic interest; and on the dramatic mechanisms de-veloped by the playwright in the system of the characters, the versification and the structure.

The academic analysis of drama often tends to privilege the written word over those sensory elements that are such critical aspects of live theatre. Rhythm, music, dialect, and silence – all these auditory features contribute significantly to the impact and meaning of a play, and they allow playwrights – together with the actors and stage directors who realize their dramatic visions – to convey political messages and address specific political issues without having to necessarily state them overtly within the dialogue. As Augusto Boal stated in his Theatre of the Oppressed, drama is a weapon to fight against oppressive regimes. Thus this dissertation analyzes the role of the senses – especially those related to hearing – in developing the themes and intentions of political plays from Latin America and Spain. The aim is to explore how this has – or has not – changed throughout the centuries, with the ultimate objective of finding common musical and sensory elements, as well as possible affinities in the use of auditory features, to further enable a deeper understanding of how theatre is different from other literary genres. To facilitate the analysis, this dissertation explores a total of six dramas: three Latin American political plays written in the second half of the 20th century and three Early Modern Spanish comedias that depict political scenes or themes. These plays are treated by pairs in each chapter and analyzed according to their use of auditory features in concert with written stage directions and dialogue as a means to reflect or denounce social problems pertaining to the different historical periods in which the plays were initially staged. Specifically, the dramatic pairings are as follows: Chapter 1: Death and the Maiden by Ariel Dorfman (1991) The Mayor of Zalamea by Pedro Calderón de la Barca (ca.1640) Chapter 2: Information for Foreigners, by Griselda Gambaro (1971) Fuenteovejuna, by Lope de Vega (ca.1610) Chapter 3: The Extentionist, by Felipe Santander (1978) Cruelty for Honour, by Juan Ruiz de Alarcón (ca.1621-22). Each play is analyzed according to the theoretical frames that better serve its specific needs and particularities. However, the theories of Giorgio Agamben, Augusto Boal, José Antonio Maravall, Angel Rama, Walter Ong, and especially Bertolt Brecht, form the spinal chord that sustain this study and tie the three chapters to one another. The attention given to each one of these critics and their theories is explained in each chapter’s introduction. As the conclusions show, these plays rely on sensory, linguistic and musical elements to denounce social and political problems of their time, and to try to move their different audiences towards reflection or action, in order to improve the society in which they lived.

O presente trabalho tem por objeto as moralidades das Barcas de Gil Vicente em diálogo com a Divina Comédia de Dante. Esta, uma epopéia pelo Inferno, Purgatório e Paraíso, aquelas, Auto da Barca do Inferno, Auto da Praia Purgatória e Auto da Embarcação da Glória. Pretende-se apresentar as semelhanças entre as Barcas vicentinas e a comédia dantiana, demonstrando como elas se caracterizam por um fortíssimo sentido moralizante, pela reafirmação dos princípios cristãos e pelo desejo de renovação espiritual, mas também apresentam diferenças significantes. Além de explicitar tais semelhanças e diferenças por meio do comparativismo, a presente pesquisa demonstra ainda como Gil Vicente e Dante Alighieri figuraram os espaços e personagens com o objetivo de propagar suas concepções ético-morais e ético-religiosas. Desse modo, como alguns outros textos literários da Idade Média e do período de transição para o Renascimento, estavam ao serviço de projetos moralizadores cristãos / El presente trabajo tiene por objeto las moralidades de las Barcas, de Gil Vicente, en diálogo con la Divina Comedia de Dante. Esta es una epopeya por el Infierno, el Purgatorio y el Paraíso; aquellas comprenden el Auto da Barca do Inferno, el Auto da Praia Purgatória y el Auto da Embarcação da Glória. Se pretende presentar las semejanzas entre las Barcas vicentinas y la comedia dantiana, demostrando como ellas se caracterizan por un fuertísimo sentido moralizante, por la reafirmación de los principios cristianos y por el deseo de renovación espiritual, pero también se observa que presentan diferencias significativas. Además de explicitar tales semejanzas y diferencias por medio de la comparación, la presente investigación también demuestra como Gil Vicente y Dante Alighieri idearon los espacios y los personajes con el objetivo de propagar sus concepciones ético-morales y ético-religiosas. De ese modo, como en otros textos literarios de la Edad Media y del periodo de transición para el Renacimiento, estaban al servicio de proyectos moralizadores cristianos