Trata-se de um estudo comparativista entre as obras O Ateneu (1888) de Raul Pompéia e Die Verwirrungen des Zöglings Törless (As Tribulações do Pupilo Törless) (1906) de Robert Musil. Sugere-se que esses romances filiam-se ao chamado Romance do Artista (Künstlerroman). Abordam-se também as concepções estéticas desenvolvidas pelos protagonistas dessas duas obras, além de ser uma tentativa de mostrar como ambos os romances se fundamentam numa visão estética da vida. / This is a comparative study about Raul Pompeia´s novel O Ateneu (1888) and Robert Musil´s Die Verwirrungen des Zöglings Törless (The Young Törless) (1906). I suggest these novels could be classified as Künstlerroman (Artist\'s Novel). I work with the aesthetical conceptions developed by each of one of the main characters in these two novels and try to show that both works are based on an idea of life as an aesthetical way of living.

O leitor é elemento fundamental para a teoria literária, tendo sido abordado por diferentes correntes críticas. Mesmo quando não é objeto específico de investigação, ele deixa suas marcas no discurso crítico. Isso porque o crítico é essencialmente um leitor, cujas experiências e valores se fazem presentes na avaliação de um texto. Quando tais referenciais são mobilizados para tratar de livros não canônicos, frequentemente constróise uma imagem negativa de seu público. A primeira vida do leitor seria, assim, aquela constituída no discurso crítico, como objeto de análise ou como consequência da avaliação de uma obra. Essa representação do leitor é contrastada com a chamada segunda vida do leitor, que é anunciada pelo próprio leitor, com sua voz e seu rosto. Para nos aproximarmos desse leitor empírico, foram traçadas as histórias de cinco sujeitos, de modo a evidenciar como a experiência de leitura é muito mais complexa do que supõem algumas hipóteses traçadas a partir da imagem do próprio crítico ou de uma concepção bastante específica de literatura. Ao trazermos a primeiro plano, inclusive metodologicamente, o aspecto humano do leitor, aproximamo-nos do desejo de manter vivo o legado (humanista) da tradição literária, inclusive pelo seu questionamento. Tal legado é, paradoxalmente, por vezes defendido através de um ataque aos humanos leitores que formam a massa. Diante disso, desejamos pensar uma aproximação das duas vidas do leitor: a voz do sujeito e o discurso sobre ele, inclusive para apoiar a difusão da literatura que se valora. A nosso ver, isso passa por considerar formas de atuação condizentes com a democratização do acesso à literatura, com maior atenção a um espaço pouco privilegiado pela crítica: a escola. Nesse contexto, é indispensável que a crítica se abra ao encontro com o outro, numa aposta na alteridade, não num lamento diante do espelho. / The reader is a fundamental element for the literary theory and has been treated by different critical approaches. Even not being specific object of investigation, the reader leaves his mark in the critical discourse. This is because the Literary Critic is essentially a reader, whose experiences and values are present in his judgement of a text. When such parameters are mobilized in order to deal with non-canonical books, a negative image of the reader is often built. Then, the \"first life\" of the reader would be the one constituted by the critical discourse, as an object of analysis or as a result of the judgement of a work. This representation is contrasted with \"the second life of the reader\", which is announced by the reader himself, by his voice and his face. To get closer to this empirical reader, stories of five different people were drawn in such a way to evidence how their reading experience is much more complex than the hypotheses assumed by the image of the critic himself or from a very specific conception of literature. By focusing on the human aspect of the reader, even methodologically, we advance towards the desire of keeping alive the (humanistic) legacy of the literary tradition, also by questioning it. Such legacy is, sometimes, paradoxically defended by an attack on such human readers, who constitute the mass. On this regard, we want to consider an approximation of the \"two lives\" of the reader: the subject\'s voice and the discourse about him. This is also important to support the dissemination of the literature that is valued. In our view, it involves considering forms of action compatible with the democratization of access to literature, with greater attention to a place that is less privileged by critics: the school. On this context, it is essential that the Literary Criticism open itself to meet the others, in a commitment to alterity, not in a lament before the mirror.

A presente dissertação visa a analisar a forma como a temática da morte é abordada na produção para crianças e jovens; para tanto nosso trabalho se propõe à leitura de duas obras de campos narrativos diversos: um livro e um filme. Para realizar esse exercício, tomamos por fundamentos instrumentais dos Estudos Comparados de Literatura, perspectiva interdisciplinar que opera com a comparação e com os diálogos que podem ser estabelecidos entre diferentes literaturas, literaturas e outras artes e literatura e outros saberes. Serão utilizadas as relações estabelecidas entre literatura e outras artes, como o cinema, para focalizar como a morte vem sendo tratada na narrativa literária e fílmica. Assim, partiremos do conceito de literatura comparada, intertextualidade e dialogismo, fundamentais para estabelecer relações comparativas entre ambas as narrativas, demonstrando como os recursos próprios do cinema, bem como sua inter-relação de códigos e linguagens, concorrem para a construção de sentidos. O tema revelou-se interessante para o trabalho de pesquisa, tendo em vista que a morte é um ingrediente da vida humana, por isso, a escolha do corpus promoveu a divisão do estudo em dois momentos: a apresentação da morte na cultura ocidental e a representação da morte nas narrativas literária e fílmica para crianças e jovens. O corpus da pesquisa é composto pelas obras De morte! Um conto pagão do folclore cristão (1992), livro infantil escrito por Angela Lago e, A noiva cadáver (2005), filme produzido por Tim Burton. / This thesis aims to analyze how the theme of death is addressed in production for children and youth; for both our work proposes the reading of two works from different narrative fields: a book and a movie. To perform this exercise, we take for instrumental foundations of Literature Comparative Studies, interdisciplinary perspective that operates the comparison and dialogue that can be established between different literatures, literature and other arts and literature and other knowledge. The relationships established will be used between literature and other arts, such as cinema, to focus as death is being treated in literary and filmic narrative. So start from the concept of literature compared, intertextuality and dialogism, fundamental to establish comparative relations between the two narratives, demonstrating how the film\'s own resources as well as their interrelationship codes and languages, contribute to the construction of meaning. The theme has proved useful for research work, given that death is an ingredient of human life, so the corpus of choice promoted the study of the division into two phases: the presentation of death in Western culture and the representation of death in literary and filmic narratives for children and youth. The corpus of the research is composed of works from death! A pagan tale of Christian folklore (1992), children\'s book written by Angela Lago and The Corpse Bride (2005), a film produced by Tim Burton.

Tendo atuado no meio artístico e intelectual brasileiro do segundo pós-guerra até o fim da década seguinte, o veneziano Ruggero Jacobbi (1920-1981) foi um destacado crítico, tradutor e difusor da literatura brasileira, especialmente do drama e da lírica. A pesquisa procura, na perspectiva dos Estudos Descritivos da Tradução, recorrer ao instrumental da crítica genética aplicado à grandiosa tradução Invenzione di Orfeo, trabalho que lhe teria tomado décadas de dedicação, a partir da obra maior do poeta nordestino Jorge de Lima. O levantamento de documentos em acervos na Itália permitiu a consolidação de um dossiê genético a partir do qual se discute o processo tradutório no bojo da atuação brasilianista de Jacobbi. Os nomes do poeta Murilo Mendes e da filóloga Luciana Stegagno Picchio surgem no estudo como frequentes coadjuvantes deste que talvez tenha sido o empreendimento mais ambicioso do amigo. Antes da reconstituição crítico-genética, no entanto, apresenta-se a fulgurante presença da obra lírica do poeta alagoano no distante país peninsular, desde a primeira figuração por obra de Giuseppe Ungaretti até as investidas exegéticas fundamentais de Stegagno Picchio. Para tanto, por sua vez, apresenta-se e se discute a trajetória geral, brasileira e, depois, brasilianista de Ruggero Jacobbi, com atenção ao legado relativo à lírica nacional, que culmina no objeto maior desta dissertação. Entre a teatralização engajada da Litania dos Pobres de Cruz e Sousa para uma montagem brechtiana apresentada no Teatro Brasileiro de Comédia (TBC) em 1950 e a publicação póstuma do grande exemplo de transcriação, guia-nos o espírito crítico marxista-gramsciano e impuro de um intelectual marcado pelo ecletismo e pela contundência inconformista, formado em meio aos herméticos florentinos da era fascista e movido a refratar sua expressão insone em poesia, em teatro, no cinema, no diário, no ensaio, na crítica, na historiografia literária, na antologia e na tradução. / Since the Venetian Ruggero Jacobbi (1920-1981) acted in the Brazilian artistic and intellectual world from the second postwar until the end of the next decade, he was an important literary critic, translator and diffuser of the Brazilian literature, especially of the drama and lyric poetry. This research aims, in the Descriptive Translation Studies perspective, to use tools from the genetic editing (critique génétique) and apply them to the magnificent translation Invenzione di Orfeo, which work supposedly took some decades of dedication, of the most important work of the Brazilian northeastern poet Jorge de Lima. The process of gathering documents in documentary archives in Italy allowed the make of a genetic dossier, with which it was possible to discuss the translation process, in the Brazilianist works of Jacobbi. The names of the poet Murilo Mendes and of the philologist Luciana Stegagno Picchio appeared in this research because they have shared with Jacobbi the experience of carrying out the most ambitious project of his professional life. Before of the critical-genetic reconstitution, however, there was the brightening glow: the reception of the poetic work of the Alagoan poet in the peninsular country, which includes since the first manifestation made by Giuseppe Ungaretti until the fundamental exegetical attempts of Stegagno Picchio. Before this phase, there was the presentation of the Brazilian and Brazilianist trajectory of Ruggero Jacobbi, and then the discussion on this subject, with special attention to his legacy to the national lyric poetry, which culminated on what, is the main object of this work. In the journey from the political dramatization of Litania dos Pobres (from the poem by Cruz e Sousa) into a Brechtian play presented in the Brazilian Comedy Theater (Teatro Brasileiro de Comédia TBC) in 1950, to the posthumous publication of the great example of transcreation, the guide to us is this impure and marxist-gramscian critic spirit of an intellectual marked by the eclecticism and by the nonconformist force, shaped between the hermetic Florentines of the fascist era, a spirit which was moved to reflect his insomniac expression in the poetry, in the drama, in the filmmaking, in the diaries, in the essays, in the literary criticism, in the literary historiography, in the anthology and in the translation.

L’objet de ce travail est de montrer le rôle capital qu’a joué la parodie dans la construction du genre romanesque, le seul de ce que l’on considère aujourd’hui comme les grands genres à ne pas être théorisé jusqu’à la fin du XVIIe siècle. La parodie est considérée comme une pratique facile et gratuite, comme une attaque déloyale visant à détruire sans pitié un modèle supérieur. Pourtant, on peut plaider en faveur de son pouvoir habilement corrosif et régénérateur : en critiquant une esthétique, elle en dénonce les défauts et invite à la renouveler. Tournée vers le passé du texte qu’elle imite, elle est aussi tournée vers l’avenir et porte en germe, dans sa critique, la suggestion de voies de renouvellement. Cette capacité de la parodie de régénérer par-delà la critique explique que le roman, en l’absence de théorisation, se soit largement défini par la parodie. Son rôle a, de ce fait, été crucial aux époques où le roman n’était ni théorisé ni accepté et elle a constitué un des lieux majeurs de la réflexion sur le genre romanesque. Non seulement la parodie bouscule le genre du roman et, par ce geste même, le constitue comme genre, mais elle permet aussi de mettre en évidence la conscience générique d’une époque et les formes qu’elle adoptait. Œuvre de lecteur, elle reflète la vision qu’a eue une époque du roman et les manières dont elle entendait le renouveler : elle est donc doublement théoricienne. Il s’agit ici de voir comment la parodie, du roman grec au roman du XVIIIe siècle a été le laboratoire du genre romanesque, situé dans un fragile équilibre entre la destruction des esthétiques qui l’ont précédé et la promotion de nouvelles formules. / The aim of this dissertation is to show the decisive role that parody played in the construction of the novel as a genre, that has not been theorized before the end of the XVIIth century (a unique case within the main forms of literatures). Parody is often considered as an easy process, an unfair and merciless way to attack a superior model. However, its defenders can valuably argue for its caustic and regenerative impact : by criticizing the novel’s aesthetic, parody points out its weaknesses and thus shows the way to renew it. By the process of imitation, parody inevitably confines the parodied text into the past; but at the same time it looks towards the future and suggests, in its criticism itself, new territories to explore. This fertile feature of parody explains why it has largely helped to define the novel in the absence of theoricians. At times when the novel was neither theorized, nor even accepted, parody has played a crucial role, concentrating most of the intellectual reflection about the novel. Not only has parody shaken the form of the novel – which by the way helped establishing it as a genre, it has also highlighted how conscious people were of the existence of this genre, the forms it took. Being a reader’s work, parody reflects how an audience considered the novel and how it intended to renew it : in that sense it has a double contribution to theory. Our objective is to see how, from the greek novel to the XVIIIth century, parody has been a think tank for the novel, in a fragile balance between the destruction of former aesthetics and the promotion of new formulas.

No description available.

Alix Cléo Roubaud (1952-1983) était une photographe et écrivain d’origine canadienne. D’abord connue comme l’épouse du poète et mathématicien Jacques Roubaud, ou l’amie du réalisateur Jean Eustache, Alix Cléo Roubaud a longtempsété découverte par d’autres oeuvres que la sienne. Jusqu’en 2009, seul son Journal publié aux éditions du Seuil en 1984, permettait de découvrir ses textes et ses images. Cet ouvrage qui a permis à l’oeuvre de ne pas sombrer dans l’oubli aégalement, en l’assimilant entièrement au registre de l’intime, durablement influé sur sa réception.Cette thèse, fondée sur un corpus essentiellement inédit de plus de six cents photographies, de centaines de lettres et de textes théoriques de l’artiste, propose une nouvelle lecture de l’oeuvre. Faisant fond sur la dimension inachevée de saproduction, ce travail de recherche s’attache à l’étude de l’élaboration des textes comme des photographies, mettant au coeur de son propos les notions d’intention et de production qui découvrent le faire de l’oeuvre plutôt que l’oeuvre fait.Dans une perspective photolittéraire, cette thèse propose une analyse des différentes écritures de soi développées par l’artiste, de la dimension photographique de son oeuvre, à savoir la production de photographies et la construction d’une théorie originale de l’image et, enfin, des différents moments de la réception de l’oeuvre qui ont contribué à sa compréhension, comme à sa qualification. / Alix Cléo Roubaud (1953-1983) was a Canadian photographer and writer known as the wife of the poet and mathematician Jacques Roubaud or as the friend of the movie director Jean Eustache. Alix Cléo Roubaud has been for a long time known by other works than her own. Until 2009, her diary, which was published in 1984 by the French publishing house le Seuil, was the only way of discovering her photographs and texts. This book has allowed her work not to be forgotten and has also influenced for a long time the way it has been welcome, that is to say as a private record.This doctoral thesis, based on an unpublished body of more than six hundred photographs, hundreds of letters and theorical essays, proposes to see Alix Cléo Roubaud's work in a new way. Relying on an unfinished production, itstudies the making of the texts as of the photographs and focuses on two main elements, the purpose and the manner of the artist which reveal more the process than the product.In an approach both photographic and literay this thesis proposes to analyse the several forms the artist uses to write about herself, the photographic dimension of her work , not only the photographs she made but also the building of an original picture theory, and finally how the different ways it has been received have contributed to make it understood as well as defined

This dissertation investigates the relationship between the cultural memory of the Holocaust and postwar migration to Europe from the Global South. I argue that the European postcolonial and migrant literature I read claims the history of the Jewish Question and Holocaust memory as critical resources for Europe's new migrants and diasporic communities. In these late-twentieth-century and contemporary works, the Holocaust represents the failures of assimilation, religious tolerance, and minority rights in Europe. This literature's attentiveness to Holocaust memory, I show, critically disrupts both the strategic forgetting of the Holocaust and the simultaneous repurposing of its memory as instructive of the dangers of failed recognition in postwar Western European democracies. I argue that the works I examine in this dissertation situate Holocaust memory as an aspect of a migrant counter-pedagogy: the residues of past violence reveal the insufficiency of liberal strategies for the management of difference, and signal the danger of current versions of racialist thought. Europe's violence against the Jews thus functions as a paradigm for the limits of diasporic life and the possibilities of cohabitation in contemporary Europe.

The Political Aesthetic of the Medieval Persian Prison Poem, 1100-1200 traces the dissemination of the medieval Persian prison poem (habsiyyat) from South Asia to the Caucasus in the context of the contemporaneous developments in literary and political theory that shaped this genre. Varying attitudes towards figuration in Persian literary criticism are examined in terms of an aesthetics of incarceration that, I argue, extended the political boundaries of medieval Persian literary culture. Drawing on the pioneering works of Zafari (1985) and Akimushkina (2006), I elucidate the prison poem's strategies for making the medieval experience of incarceration available to literary representation. In documenting the dialectic between the sultan's material power and the poet's discursive sovereignty, I show how medieval Persian prison poetry critically engaged with medieval punitive practices. Ultimately, this dissertation traces the relation between the increased use of incarceration as a mode of punishment by regional sultanates and the discursive elevation of poetry that is Persian literature's greatest contribution to world literature. Concomitantly with investigating the twelfth-century aesthetics of incarceration, this dissertation documents how twelfth-century Persian poetry was transformed by idioms of literary knowledge articulated through a Persianized Arabo-Islamic rhetoric. Exegeses of specific prison poems by Mas'ud Sa'd Salman of Lahore (d. 1121), Khaqani Shirwani (d. 1199), and of other prison poets from these regions, are offered alongside documentary explorations into the status of non-Muslim minorities in Saljuq domains, the transformation of a predominantly panegyric genre into an instrument of political critique, and demonstrate the political importance of the habsiyyat to the historiography of incarceration as well as of Persian literature. By examining the literary archive of incarceration from Lahore in South Asia to Shirwan in the Caucasus, this study aims to expand the scope of investigations into the aesthetics of power as registered by literary form, to extend the temporal dimensions of the historiography of incarceration, and to contribute to classical Persian literary theory's conceptualization of genre. Chapter one offers a synoptic and global history of incarceration in the medieval world. Chapter two considers what the prison poem as a genre has to offer global literary theory. Chapter three studies the complex modulation of the qasida form through the prison poem's emphasis on the poet's lyric subjectivity. Chapter four traces the appropriation of the motifs of prophecy by Persian prison poets who aspired for a sovereignty that exceeding the boundaries of material power. Chapter five offers detailed exegeses of the two most significant texts in the medieval Persian archive of incarceration: Khaqani's Christian qasida and his qasida on the ruins of Mada'in. Chapter six documents the devolution of authority onto prison poetry and the reconstitution of material power through discursive sovereignty. Collectively, these chapters show that, just as medieval Persian prison poets protested the terms of their social contracts and thus suffered imprisonment, so did the prison poem genre contest the distribution of sovereignty in the medieval world by transferring prophecy, and prophecy's concomitant authority, to the poet.

This dissertation is intended primarily as a contribution to postcolonial criticism and theory and the rhetorical analysis of epidemic writing as they undergo various crises and sublimations in the geopolitical landscape that has come into focus since the multilateral undertaking of the War on Terror in 2001. I begin with a set of questions about representation: when, how, and why are extra-legal, insurgent, anti-colonial, and terrorist forms of violence figured as epidemics in literature and connected discursive forms? What events in colonial history and scientific practice make such representations possible? And how do these representational patterns and their corollary modes of interpretation both reflect and transform discourse and policy? Although the figure is ubiquitous, it is far from simple. I argue that the discourse of the late colonial era is crucial to an understanding of how epidemiological science arises and converges with colonial management technologies, binding the British response to the 1857 mutiny and a growing Indian nationalism to the development of surveillance and quarantine programs to eradicate the threat of the great nineteenth century epidemic, the so-called Indian or Asiatic cholera. Through a constellation of readings of key texts in the British and French colonial and postcolonial traditions, including selected works of Bram Stoker (Dracula, "The Invisible Giant"), Albert Camus (La Peste, Chronique Algérienne) and Salman Rushdie (The Satanic Verses, Shalimar the Clown, Joseph Anton), I demonstrate how epidemics have played a complex representational role in relationship to violence, enabling us to imagine specific kinds of actors as absolute, powerful enemies of biological and social life, while also recoding violent political action as an organic affliction in order to efface or suppress the possibility of agency. There are two crucial aspects of this story that run throughout the histories and texts I engage with in this project. The first is that the figure of insurgent violence as epidemic has two opposing, yet interrelated faces. One looks to the promise of scientism, data collection and rational study as a means of eradicating the threat of irregular warfare. This is the function of the figure embedded in the practices and progress of epidemiology. On the other hand, the mythopoetics of infectious disease also point toward the occult and the unknowable, and code natural forces of destruction as sublime and inevitable. This is the function of the figure embedded the literary and political history of the term terror, which encompasses both natural and political events and the structures of feeling to which they give rise. The result of this duality is the persistent epistemic collapse of data-driven rational scientism and irrational sublimity in texts where epidemic and terror are at issue. The second crucial aspect of this story is that the dissolution of a colonial world system changes the shape of thinking about both epidemics and violence by displacing a binary architecture of antinomy in both public health and politics. The broadened view of epidemic since the end of the nineteenth century, in other words, has moved us away from metaphors of bellicosity to a more multi-factorial view of bacteriology and virology in temporal, geographic, and demographic space. One of the main goals of this project is to examine the relationship between these shifting epistemologies, narrative form, and imperial strategy. A connected through-line in the dissertation attempts to map what becomes of the biologistic and organicist conception of the state--which are already a matter of representation and imagination--as the very notions of biotoic life and the purview of the organism undergo no less radical redefinitions than the concept of the nation itself, providing the conceptual underpinnings for a subsequent biomorphic conception of the globe.