La transformation de modèles est une opération fondamentale dans l'ingénierie dirigée par les modèles. Elle peut être manuelle ou automatisée, mais dans ce dernier cas elle nécessite de la part du développeur qui la conçoit la maîtrise des méta-modèles impliqués dans la transformation. La génération de transformations de modèles à partir d'exemples permet la création d'une transformation de modèle en se basant sur des exemples de modèles sources et cibles. Le fait de travailler au niveau modèle permet d'utiliser les syntaxes concrètes définies pour les méta-modèles et ne nécessite plus une maîtrise parfaite de ces derniers.Nous proposons une méthode de génération de transformations de modèles à partir d'exemples basée sur l'Analyse Relationnelle de Concepts (ARC) permettant d'obtenir un ensemble de règles de transformations ordonnées sous forme de treillis. L'ARC est une méthode de classification qui se base sur des liens de correspondances entre les modèles pour faire émerger des règles. Ces liens étant un problème commun à toute les méthodes de génération de transformation de modèles à partir d'exemples, nous proposons une méthode basée sur des méthodes d'alignement d'ontologie permettant de les générer. / Model transformation is a fundamental operation for Model Driven Engineering. It can be performed manually or automatically, but in the later cas the developper needs to master all the meta-models involved. Model Transformation generation from examples allows to create a model transformation based on source models examples and target models exemples. Working at the model level allows the use of concrete syntaxes defined for the meta-models so there is no more need for the developper to perfectly know them.We propose a method to generate model transformations from examples using Relational Concept Analysis (RCA) which provides a set of transformation rules ordered under the structure of a lattice. RCA is a classification method based on matching links between models to extract rules. Those matching are a common feature between the model transformation generation from examples methods, so we propose a method based on an ontology matching approach to generate them.

Orientador: José Augusto da Silva Pontes Neto / Banca: José Aloyseo Bzuneck / Banca: Sueli Édi Rufini Guimarães / Banca: Francisco Hashimoto / Banca: Maria Luiza Louro de Castro Valente / Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal a verificação das percepções sobre fracasso escolarde professores e discentes de um curso de pedagogia. Essa verificação teve por objetivo identificar possível viés ou atribuições egotímicas por parte dos professores em exercício, quando confrontados com as pressões do exercício profissional . A atribuição egotímica é aquela que tem por objetivo o deslocamento de uma atribuição interna para externa, preservando assim a auto-estima e o autoconceito do sujeito. Foram aplicados questionários em discentes de uma universidade pública estadual do Mato Grosso, bem como em professores egressos dessa mesma instituição que atuam na rede pública de ensino. Foram elaboradas categorias conforme as respostas dos entrevistados e as diferenças nas alusões às categorias por parte de docentes em exercício e discentes apontam para a ocorrência do fenômeno da atribuição egotímica por parte dos professores. / Abstract: This work had as main objective the verification of the perceptions of teachers and students about school failure in a course of pedagogics. This verification had the objective of identifying possible bias or egothymics attributions by the operating teachers, when collated with the pressures of the professional exercise. The egothymics attribution can be expressed on the displacement of an attribution from the internal to a external side, thus preserving the self-esteem and the self-concept of the subject. Questionnaires had been applied to students of a state public university of the Mato Grosso, as well as in teachers originated from the same institution and who act in the public net of education. Categories have been elaborated according to the interviewed onesþ answers and the differences in the mention to the categories between the operating teachers and the students point to the occurrence of the egothymics attribution phenomenon in the teachers side. / Doutor

Bakgrund: Kvinnan i förlossningsarbete har haft stöd vid sin sida genom alla tider. För att få en så omfattande förståelse som möjligt av begreppet ”stöd till kvinnor i förlossningsarbete” genomfördes en begreppsanalys. Syfte: Syftet med begreppsanalysen var att definiera begreppet ”barnmorskans stöd till kvinnor i förlossningsarbete” genom syntes av texter hämtat från litteratur och intervjuer med svenska barnmorskor. Metod: En begreppsanalys med hybridmodell. Först en teoretisk fas med litteratursökning, därefter en fältstudiefas där fem barnmorskor intervjuades följt av en syntes med identifikation av begreppets kännetecken utifrån den teoretiska fasen och fältstudiefasen. Resultatdelen avslutas med fallbeskrivningar. Resultat: Barnmorskor ser hög närvaro och lyhördhet tillsammans med information och individualisering som viktiga delar av stödet till kvinnor i förlossningsarbete. Detta skapar tillsammans trygghet och tillit i relationen mellan barnmorskan och kvinnan. Slutsats: I detta examensarbete framkom fem empiriska kännetecken på stöd till kvinnor i förlossningsarbete. Utan de empiriska kännetecken, Trygghet, Information, Lyhördhet, Närvaro, Individualisering, kan inte känslan av stöd uppstå hos kvinnan i relationen mellan kvinnan och partnern/närstående och barnmorskan och kvinnan i förlossningsarbete. Klinisk tillämpbarhet: Barnmorskelitteraturen bör revideras så att närvaron i rummet av barnmorskan lyfts som ett kännetecken på stöd i samma grad som information och övriga kännetecken på stöd. Kunskap kring stöd kan utvecklas kliniskt genom exempelvis workshops på arbetsplatsen. / Background: Women in labor have had support by their sides through all times. In order to gain as wide understanding as possible of the concept of ' support for women in labor, a concept analysis was carried out. Objective: The purpose of the concept analysis was to define the concept of "support to women in labor by midwives" through the synthesis of texts from literature and interviews with Swedish midwives. Method: A concept analysis with a hybrid model. First, a theoretical phase with literature search was performed, then a field study phase where five midwives were interviewed followed by a synthesis identifying attributes of the concept from the theoretical phase and the field study phase. The result ends with case descriptions. Result: Midwives see high presence and sensitivity along with information and individualisation as important parts of the support for women in labor. This together creates security and trust in the relationship between the midwife and the woman. Conclusion: In this thesis five empirical characteristics of support were revealed; security, information, sensitivity, presence and individualisation. Without these empirical characteristics, the sense of support cannot arise in the relationship between the woman and the partner/relatives and the midwife and the woman in labor. Clinic´s applicability: Midwifery literature should be revised so that the midwife´s presence in the room is lifted as a sign of support to the same degree as information and other characteristics of support. Knowledge of support as a concept can be developed and implemented in clinical setting through workshops in the workplace.

<p>A person who is communication about (the data subject) has to keep track of all of his revealed data in order to protect his right of informational self-determination. This is important when data is going to be processed in an automatic manner and, in particular, in case of automatic inquiries. A data subject should, therefore, be enabled to recognize useful decisions with respect to data disclosure, only by using data which is available to him.</p><p>For the scope of this thesis, we assume that a data subject is able to protect his communication contents and the corresponding communication context against a third party by using end-to-end encryption and Mix cascades. The objective is to develop a model for analyzing the linkability of communication contents by using Formal Concept Analysis. In contrast to previous work, only the knowledge of a data subject is used for this analysis instead of a global view on the entire communication contents and context.</p><p>As a first step, the relation between disclosed data is explored. It is shown how data can be grouped by types and data implications can be represented. As a second step, behavior, i. e. actions and reactions, of the data subject and his communication partners is included in this analysis in order to find critical data sets which can be used to identify the data subject.</p><p>Typical examples are used to verify this analysis, followed by a conclusion about pros and cons of this method for anonymity and linkability measurement. Results can be used, later on, in order to develop a similarity measure for human-computer interfaces.</p>

We present a methodology for improving the detection of outlying Fire Service’s reports based on domain knowledge and dialogue with Fire & Rescue domain experts. The outlying report is considered as element which is significantly different from the remaining data. Outliers are defined and searched on the basis of domain knowledge and dialogue with experts. We face the problem of reducing high data dimensionality without loosing specificity and real complexity of reported incidents. We solve this problem by introducing a knowledge based generalization level intermediating between analysed data and experts domain knowledge. In the methodology we use the Formal Concept Analysis methods for both generation appropriate categories from data and as tools supporting communication with domain experts. We conducted two experiments in finding two types of outliers in which outliers detection was supported by domain experts.

Information exchange is an essential component for all involved in the paediatric care encounter. Despite this, most of the research about information exchange concerns adults and the significance of the child’s existence in the encounter have not been given sufficient attention. Therefore, the overall aims of this thesis were twofold. Firstly, the aim was to identify, describe and generate concepts in information exchange between minors, parents/guardians and health care professionals in paediatric care situations. Secondly, the intention was to formulate a theoretical construction, a theory, of the phenomenon of information exchange in paediatric care situations. This thesis is based on four studies. In studies I, II and III grounded theory was used according to Glaser and data have been analyzed using the constant comparative analysis method. Data have been collected through observations and medical records (I, II and III) and also with additional follow-up interviews (III). In study IV, at first a qualitative content analysis of Løgstrup’s ethical demand was conducted and, second, a simultaneous concept analysis of the findings from studies I, II and III and the findings from the qualitative content analysis was carried out. There were a total of 67 participants in the three observational studies: 28 minors (I), 24 parents/guardians (II) and 15 health care professionals (III), who exchanged information in different paediatric care encounters. The information exchange interaction process was resolved by the minors “balancing the circumstances” (I), the parents/guardians used “firm handling” (II) and the health care professionals were “sharing and contributing the responsibility” (III). The qualitative content analysis of Løgstrup’s ethical demand provided the mediation and the social norms. The simultaneous concept analysis finally gave the advanced outcome to intergrade, which means to merge gradually with another through a continuous series of intermediates. At the same time as we intergrade in paediatric care, we protect the totality of minors, recognize the dependency of the parents/guardians and the social interplay by the health care professionals, the information exchange is improved. This thesis emphasizes the importance of health care professionals’ communication skills and the need for education and practice in this topic, in order to improve the information exchange with minors and their parents/guardians from an ethical viewpoint. The theory intergrade explains how this could be applied and implemented.

Begreppet heteronormativitet användes i litteraturen första gången 1993. Begreppet går att finna i ordböcker och lexikon från 2006, men endast ett par av de moderna ordböckerna och lexikonen har inför begreppet. Idag saknar begreppet en exakt definition. En begreppsanalys syftar till att identifiera karakteristika för ett begrepp genom undersökning av dess användning. Vårdrelationer kan och bör utvecklas till en vårdande relation, vilket bygger på en kontakt innefattande kropp, själ och ande mellan vårdare och patient. Syftet var att beskriva och fördjupa förståelsen av begreppet heteronormativitet utifrån ett omvårdnadsperspektiv. Begreppsanalys enligt Rodgers metod innefattande 23 vetenskapliga artiklar och annan litteratur som resulterade i sju definierade attribut; antaganden, normer, samhällshierarkier, sanktioner för dem som avviker från normen, könsroller, sexuella relationer och stereotyp familjesyn. I analysen identifierades också vad som föregår begreppet, två kvinnor som arbetar med begreppet samt fem relaterade begrepp; jämställdhet, genus, makt, diskriminering och homofobi. En rad konsekvenser av vilka samtliga var negativa för såväl individ som samhälle konstaterades. Sjukvården påverkas negativt på flera sätt av heteronormativitet, bland annat omöjliggörs den vårdande relationen. Konklusion: Heteronormativitet leder till en rad olika problem och alla är både offer och supportrar av systemet. / The concept heteronormativity was used in the literature for the first time in 1993. This term can be found in dictionaries and encyclopedias from 2006 but only in a few of the most modern publications. The term currently lacks an exact definition. The aim of concept analysis is to identify characteristics for a term by studying its use. Healthcare relations can and should be developed into a caring relation, which is dependent on a connection involving body, mind and soul between the caregiver and the patient. The aim of this work was to describe and deepen the understanding of the term heteronormativity from a healthcare perspective. Rodgers’ evolutionary concept analysis of 23 scientific papers and common newspapers resulted in seven defined attributes: assumptions, norms, social hierarchies, sanctions for those deviating from the norm, gender roles, sexual relationships and stereotype family apprehension. The analysis also identified what precedes the concept, two women working with the concept and five related concepts: equality, gender, power, discrimination and homophobia. A number of consequences of which all were negative for both individuals and the society were found. Healthcare is negatively influenced in several ways by heteronormativity rendering the caring relation impossible. Conclusion: Heteronormativity leads to a number of problems and everyone are both victims and supporters of the system.

Constructing description logic ontologies is a difficult task that is normally conducted by experts. Recent results show that parts of ontologies can be constructed from description logic interpretations. However, these results assume the interpretations to be free of errors, which may not be the case for real-world data. To provide some mechanism to handle these errors, the notion of confidence from data mining is introduced into description logics, yielding confident general concept inclusions (confident GCIs) of finite interpretations. The main focus of this work is to prove the existence of finite bases of confident GCIs and to describe some of theses bases explicitly.

Bakgrund. Forskningsgenomgången visade sårbarhet som ett kontextuellt fenomen i möte mellan kontrahenterna sjuksköterska och patient utan att själva essensen i begreppet klargjordes, vilket indikerar att det saknas kunskap om begreppet sårbarhet. Syftet. Studiens syfte var att beskriva essensen av begreppet sårbarhet i omvårdandens sociala kontext, det mänskliga mötet. Metoden. Metoderna har utgått från modellen för begreppsanalys av Segesten (2011) och innefattat en induktiv och deduktiv kvalitativ ansats. Resultatet. (Begrepps)analysen resulterade i följande fynd: mottaglig för att skadas, hjärtesår, själasår, skyddslös; modet att vara sårbar, mänsklig värdighet, lyhördhet; ett ovisst livshot, sveket mot omvårdnadens kärna, den tillintetgjorda identiteten; den djupt mänskliga existensen, önskan om oföränderlighet, riktning mot en definitiv förändring. Slutsatsen. Essensen av sårbarhetens mening föds av människans föränderliga existens. Den föränderliga existensen får sin betydelse av livshot, tillintetgjord identitet och sveket mot omvårdandens kärna, vilket begreppsliggörs av den sårbarhet som uppstår i vårdmötet, uttryckt i orden som att vara hudlös, naken och skyddslös. Klinisk betydelse. Studien har bidragit till att klargöra betydelsen av begreppet sårbarhet inom omvårdnadsprofessionen genom att lyfta fram ordets olika begreppsomfång i olika omvårdnadssammanhang. Den kliniska betydelsen för omvårdnaden men även den generella allmänbildningen är att dess betydelser kan utveckla språket från perspektivet sårbarhet. / Background. The background overview of this research presented vulnerability as a contextual phenomenon in the encounter between nurse and patient. The essence of the concept of vulnerability appeared unclear, which indicates that there is a lack of knowledge about the concept of vulnerability. Aim. The aim of the study was to describe the essence of the concept of vulnerability in a nursing social context, meaning the encounter between humans being. Methods. The methods have been based on the model of conceptual analysis of Segesten (2011) and involved an inductive and a deductive qualitative approach. Findings. The concept analysis resulted in the following findings: susceptibility to damage – heartache, pain of the soul, defenselessness; courage to be vulnerable – human dignity, perceptiveness; uncertain threats to life – betrayal of the nursing core, annihilated identity; the profound human existence – desire for immutability, a direction towards a definite change. Conclusion. The essence of the meaning of vulnerability derives from man’s ever-changing existence. The changing existence gets its significance from threat to life, destroyed identity and betrayal of the nursing core, which is conceptualized by the vulnerability that arises in nursing care encounters, expressed in words like skinless, naked and defenseless. Clinical significance. The study has contributed to clarifying the meaning of the concept of vulnerability within nursing professions by unveiling the word's various dimensions within different nursing contexts. The clinical implications for the nursing care, but also the general public education, is that the word’s meanings can develop the language from the perspective of vulnerability.

Description logics knowledge bases are a popular approach to represent terminological and assertional knowledge suitable for computers to work with. Despite that, the practicality of description logics is impaired by the difficulties one has to overcome to construct such knowledge bases. Previous work has addressed this issue by providing methods to learn valid terminological knowledge from data, making use of ideas from formal concept analysis. A basic assumption here is that the data is free of errors, an assumption that can in general not be made for practical applications. This thesis presents extensions of these results that allow to handle errors in the data. For this, knowledge that is "almost valid" in the data is retrieved, where the notion of "almost valid" is formalized using the notion of confidence from data mining. This thesis presents two algorithms which achieve this retrieval. The first algorithm just extracts all almost valid knowledge from the data, while the second algorithm utilizes expert interaction to distinguish errors from rare but valid counterexamples.