Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:30:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elis Modena.pdf: 5848522 bytes, checksum: 458e79b67a77cbcc2f5e52ad91dfe253 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / We present a study that is defined and takes place as a didactic proposal to problematize/discuss the concept of Nature in the classroom from pictorial images. For this, at first, we seek to understand and reflect on the key concepts that guide our modern view of Nature, namely: the Utilitarian, the Romantic and the Materialist. In a second moment, we seek to highlight the importance of pictorial images in understanding the concept of Nature. In fulfilling this task, we present the concept of landscape within a cultural approach and then conducted a roundup in the history of landscape painting, traversing from the Renaissance to the present day. In a third and concluding moment, the we present possibilities for the Geography teacher working with landscape paintings to discuss the concept of Nature, analyzing and considering the use of this methodology at the obstacles of learning/teaching geography in school. / Apresentamos uma pesquisa que se define e se realiza como uma proposta didática de problematizar/discutir o conceito de Natureza em sala de aula a partir de imagens pictóricas. Para tanto, num primeiro momento, buscamos compreender e refletir sobre as principais concepções que norteiam a visão moderna de Natureza, sendo elas: a Utilitarista, a Romântica e a Materialista. Num segundo momento, procuramos destacar a importância das imagens pictóricas na compreensão do conceito de Natureza. No cumprimento dessa tarefa, apresentamos o conceito de paisagem dentro de uma abordagem cultural e, em seguida, realizamos um apanhado na história da pintura de paisagens, percorrendo desde o Renascimento até os dias de hoje. Num terceiro e conclusivo momento, apresentamos possibilidades do professor de Geografia trabalhar com pinturas paisagísticas para discutir o conceito de Natureza, analisando e ponderando a utilização dessa metodologia perante os obstáculos do aprender/ensinar geográfico na escola.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:42:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elis Modena.pdf: 5848522 bytes, checksum: 458e79b67a77cbcc2f5e52ad91dfe253 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / We present a study that is defined and takes place as a didactic proposal to problematize/discuss the concept of Nature in the classroom from pictorial images. For this, at first, we seek to understand and reflect on the key concepts that guide our modern view of Nature, namely: the Utilitarian, the Romantic and the Materialist. In a second moment, we seek to highlight the importance of pictorial images in understanding the concept of Nature. In fulfilling this task, we present the concept of landscape within a cultural approach and then conducted a roundup in the history of landscape painting, traversing from the Renaissance to the present day. In a third and concluding moment, the we present possibilities for the Geography teacher working with landscape paintings to discuss the concept of Nature, analyzing and considering the use of this methodology at the obstacles of learning/teaching geography in school. / Apresentamos uma pesquisa que se define e se realiza como uma proposta didática de problematizar/discutir o conceito de Natureza em sala de aula a partir de imagens pictóricas. Para tanto, num primeiro momento, buscamos compreender e refletir sobre as principais concepções que norteiam a visão moderna de Natureza, sendo elas: a Utilitarista, a Romântica e a Materialista. Num segundo momento, procuramos destacar a importância das imagens pictóricas na compreensão do conceito de Natureza. No cumprimento dessa tarefa, apresentamos o conceito de paisagem dentro de uma abordagem cultural e, em seguida, realizamos um apanhado na história da pintura de paisagens, percorrendo desde o Renascimento até os dias de hoje. Num terceiro e conclusivo momento, apresentamos possibilidades do professor de Geografia trabalhar com pinturas paisagísticas para discutir o conceito de Natureza, analisando e ponderando a utilização dessa metodologia perante os obstáculos do aprender/ensinar geográfico na escola.

Previous research on Moa Martinson, and Kvinnor och äppelträd in particular, has mainly focused on the aspect of sex and gender.     The overarching purpose of the presented paper is to examine the concept of nature in the aforementioned novel. The text is read as a negotiation, and state of tension, between two differing concepts of nature. On the one hand an anarchist-romanticist view of nature defined by a questioning of the human-nature demarcation, and by its insistence on nature having intrinsic value; on the other hand a capitalist-bourgeois view of nature, drawing a clear line between human and nature, defining nature as an instrument to accomplish other means.     The concept of nature is examined along three main lines. The first chapter examines nature as seen through the eyes of the characters and the narrator. In the second chapter the 'place' as a special spatial category is studied. Lastly, the novel's view on human nature is investigated.     The results are then analyzed according to Kate Soper's tri-partite concept of nature. On all three levels the novel is found to exhibit a tension between two opposing tendencies. On the one hand nature is described as an animated being (related to concepts such as chance, fate, will), on the other hand a naturalistic realist discourse is represented, describing nature in scientific terms. At the same time the novel contains a deconstructive vein, undermining binary oppositions such as the one suggested above.     In the concluding analysis the idea of an authorial voice (used in a Bakthinian sense) is used to examine the conception of nature presented in the novel.  A circular view of life and nature emerges, represented by the symbol of the 'path'. A small-scale communitarian ideal is also exhibited, emphasizing the need for humans to live in harmony with, and in proximity to, nature.

A presente tese tem por finalidade refletir sobre princípios pedagógico-filosóficos para o ensino da ciência na etapa intermediária da educação escolar. Considerando que tanto a prática educativa quanto a prática científica são práticas sociais mediadoras do processo de produção, e que, portanto, não se pode pensá-las fora de um método que as integre dialeticamente a partir de determinantes que estão dados no campo da economia política, procurou-se investigar aqui qual é o estatuto hoje reservado à ciência no quadro de valores introduzidos pela economia política neoliberal e os efeitos dessas mudanças sobre o que se prescreve para a formação científica no ensino médio brasileiro a partir da última reforma educacional (LDBEN/1996). Tratou-se de sublinhar aqui as conexões que foram se firmando entre os processos de universalização da forma-mercadoria e as mudanças introduzidas no regime de produção do conhecimento, que vai cada vez mais sendo moldado pelos objetivos e prescrições do capital. Tendo por referência o materialismo histórico-dialético, o objeto desta tese foi delineado de modo a refletir o processo de constituição da produção da ciência em dois âmbitos distintos: o da macro-política, presidido hegemonicamente pelas instituições ligadas ao capital, a partir da década de 1990, e o da relação epistemológica que subjaz à prática científica contemporânea, assinalando a co-relação entre estes processos e os seus nexos causais. Para dar contas destas relações, procedeu-se a uma investigação histórica e filosófica que teve por objetivo mostrar como o conceito de natureza cunhado pelas mãos dos primeiros cientistas no século XVII futura matriz da noção de ciências da natureza tal como ela é tomada hoje no currículo , assentado numa distinção fixa entre juízos de fato e juízos de valor, deve seu conteúdo a um processo que é finalmente econômico e social. Por meio desta crítica pode-se estabelecer os vínculos entre a economia política, o viés institucional da ciência e o universo da epistemologia. Concluiu-se que há uma relação necessária entre o novo registro institucional de produção do conhecimento, garantido por um estatuto regulatório afinado com as demandas do neoliberalismo, e o novo estatuto epistemológico, assinalado por uma ênfase nos pressupostos do realismo científico ingênuo. Esta relação se projeta sobre o ensino da ciência na forma de uma intensificação de seu teor tecnicista, e dentre as suas características destacamos duas: 1) o conceito de natureza, tomado no ensino das ciências como uma abstração des-historicizada; 2) o mito da unicidade científica, isto é, a crença de que só há uma ciência: a que formulará, numa linguagem única e inequívoca, a verdade do real. Para finalizar, fizemos alusão a dois programas educacionais que, a nosso ver, avançam rumo a novas formas de ensino na medida em que refletem a experiência de um grupo de educadores e alunos com os princípios da educação politécnica: o do Instituto de Educação Josué de Castro (IEJC/ITERRA) e o da Escola Politécnica de Saúde Joaquim Venâncio (EPSJV/Fiocruz). / The purpose of the present dissertation is to ponder over the pedagogical-philosophical principles of the act of teaching science in the middle stage of school education. Considering that both the educational and the scientific exercises are social exercises that interpose the production process, and that, therefore, one cannot think about them without a method that integrates them dialectically taking in consideration variables that are given in the political economy field, I attempted to investigate here which is today the statute reserved to science in the set of values introduced by the neoliberal political economy and the effects of this shift over what is prescribed for the scientific education in the Brazilian high school since the educational reform. This dissertation highlights the connections that emerged between the universalization process of the merchandise-appearance and the changes introduced in the system of knowledge production, which becomes gradually more shaped by the goals and prescriptions of the capital. Using as reference the historical-dialectical materialism, the object of this dissertation was chosen in a way to reflect the creation process of science production in two different ways: that of macro-politics, since the 1990s hegemonically presided by the institutions associated with the capital, and that of the epistemological relation that lies underneath the contemporary scientific exercise, emphasizing the correlation between these processes and their causal nexus. To deal with these relations, I conducted a philosophical and historical investigation that had as main purpose to demonstrate how the concept of nature invented by the first scientists of the 17th century future reference of the conception of natural science as it is applied to the school program -, based in a rigid distinction between fact judgments and value judgments, owns its content to a process that is mainly economical and social. Through this critic I tried to establish the bonds between the political economy, the institutional bias of science and the universe of epistemology. I concluded that there is a necessary relationship between the new institutional register of knowledge production, guaranteed by a regulatory statute consonant with the needs of neoliberalism, and the new epistemological statute, marked by an emphasis in the given concepts of the naïve scientific realism. This relationship projects itself over the science teaching in the shape of an intensification of its technical substance, among which two deserve to be highlighted: 1) the concept of nature, applied to the science teaching as an a-historical abstraction; 2) the myth of the scientific unicity, that is, the belief that there only is one science: the one that will formulate it, in a language that is unique and inequivocal, the truth of the reality. To finish this dissertation, I mentioned two educational programs that, in my point of view, progress toward new ways of teaching science as they reflect the experience of a group of teachers and students with the principles of the polytechnical education: the Instituto de Educação Josué de Castro (IEJC/ITERRA) and the Escola Politécnica de Saúde Joaquim Venâncio (EPSJV/Fiocruz).

A presente tese tem por finalidade refletir sobre princípios pedagógico-filosóficos para o ensino da ciência na etapa intermediária da educação escolar. Considerando que tanto a prática educativa quanto a prática científica são práticas sociais mediadoras do processo de produção, e que, portanto, não se pode pensá-las fora de um método que as integre dialeticamente a partir de determinantes que estão dados no campo da economia política, procurou-se investigar aqui qual é o estatuto hoje reservado à ciência no quadro de valores introduzidos pela economia política neoliberal e os efeitos dessas mudanças sobre o que se prescreve para a formação científica no ensino médio brasileiro a partir da última reforma educacional (LDBEN/1996). Tratou-se de sublinhar aqui as conexões que foram se firmando entre os processos de universalização da forma-mercadoria e as mudanças introduzidas no regime de produção do conhecimento, que vai cada vez mais sendo moldado pelos objetivos e prescrições do capital. Tendo por referência o materialismo histórico-dialético, o objeto desta tese foi delineado de modo a refletir o processo de constituição da produção da ciência em dois âmbitos distintos: o da macro-política, presidido hegemonicamente pelas instituições ligadas ao capital, a partir da década de 1990, e o da relação epistemológica que subjaz à prática científica contemporânea, assinalando a co-relação entre estes processos e os seus nexos causais. Para dar contas destas relações, procedeu-se a uma investigação histórica e filosófica que teve por objetivo mostrar como o conceito de natureza cunhado pelas mãos dos primeiros cientistas no século XVII futura matriz da noção de ciências da natureza tal como ela é tomada hoje no currículo , assentado numa distinção fixa entre juízos de fato e juízos de valor, deve seu conteúdo a um processo que é finalmente econômico e social. Por meio desta crítica pode-se estabelecer os vínculos entre a economia política, o viés institucional da ciência e o universo da epistemologia. Concluiu-se que há uma relação necessária entre o novo registro institucional de produção do conhecimento, garantido por um estatuto regulatório afinado com as demandas do neoliberalismo, e o novo estatuto epistemológico, assinalado por uma ênfase nos pressupostos do realismo científico ingênuo. Esta relação se projeta sobre o ensino da ciência na forma de uma intensificação de seu teor tecnicista, e dentre as suas características destacamos duas: 1) o conceito de natureza, tomado no ensino das ciências como uma abstração des-historicizada; 2) o mito da unicidade científica, isto é, a crença de que só há uma ciência: a que formulará, numa linguagem única e inequívoca, a verdade do real. Para finalizar, fizemos alusão a dois programas educacionais que, a nosso ver, avançam rumo a novas formas de ensino na medida em que refletem a experiência de um grupo de educadores e alunos com os princípios da educação politécnica: o do Instituto de Educação Josué de Castro (IEJC/ITERRA) e o da Escola Politécnica de Saúde Joaquim Venâncio (EPSJV/Fiocruz). / The purpose of the present dissertation is to ponder over the pedagogical-philosophical principles of the act of teaching science in the middle stage of school education. Considering that both the educational and the scientific exercises are social exercises that interpose the production process, and that, therefore, one cannot think about them without a method that integrates them dialectically taking in consideration variables that are given in the political economy field, I attempted to investigate here which is today the statute reserved to science in the set of values introduced by the neoliberal political economy and the effects of this shift over what is prescribed for the scientific education in the Brazilian high school since the educational reform. This dissertation highlights the connections that emerged between the universalization process of the merchandise-appearance and the changes introduced in the system of knowledge production, which becomes gradually more shaped by the goals and prescriptions of the capital. Using as reference the historical-dialectical materialism, the object of this dissertation was chosen in a way to reflect the creation process of science production in two different ways: that of macro-politics, since the 1990s hegemonically presided by the institutions associated with the capital, and that of the epistemological relation that lies underneath the contemporary scientific exercise, emphasizing the correlation between these processes and their causal nexus. To deal with these relations, I conducted a philosophical and historical investigation that had as main purpose to demonstrate how the concept of nature invented by the first scientists of the 17th century future reference of the conception of natural science as it is applied to the school program -, based in a rigid distinction between fact judgments and value judgments, owns its content to a process that is mainly economical and social. Through this critic I tried to establish the bonds between the political economy, the institutional bias of science and the universe of epistemology. I concluded that there is a necessary relationship between the new institutional register of knowledge production, guaranteed by a regulatory statute consonant with the needs of neoliberalism, and the new epistemological statute, marked by an emphasis in the given concepts of the naïve scientific realism. This relationship projects itself over the science teaching in the shape of an intensification of its technical substance, among which two deserve to be highlighted: 1) the concept of nature, applied to the science teaching as an a-historical abstraction; 2) the myth of the scientific unicity, that is, the belief that there only is one science: the one that will formulate it, in a language that is unique and inequivocal, the truth of the reality. To finish this dissertation, I mentioned two educational programs that, in my point of view, progress toward new ways of teaching science as they reflect the experience of a group of teachers and students with the principles of the polytechnical education: the Instituto de Educação Josué de Castro (IEJC/ITERRA) and the Escola Politécnica de Saúde Joaquim Venâncio (EPSJV/Fiocruz).

In recent decades, the environmental literacy and its output dimension, responsible environmental behavior represents an important construct, which is studied by a number of researchers from many countries. In this dissertation, firstly we introduce environmental literacy from a theoretical point of view, then the development of approaches to this construct as well as a review of research in past decades. In our own research, we initially sought for a suitable research instrument to be used to identify and measure selected aspects of environmental literacy among pre-service primary teachers. The research tool was found in a combination of Nature relatedness scale and Environmental Behavior scale, supplemented by data collection using concept mapping with the central concept of the greenhouse effect. The variables that affect various aspects of environmental literacy were found on a sample of more than five hundred of the respondents using this tool and its modifications. Higher values were found within the respondents who were engaged in regular environmentally-themed activities, respondents from villages up to 100 inhabitants and the older respondents. The nature relatedness has moderately positive effect on the responsible environmental behavior, cognitive component of environmental literacy does not have such influence. The international comparison showed lower results from the respondents from Slovakia in comparison with students from the Czech Republic and Turkey. Nature relatedness scale proved to be useful for measuring a particular element of the affective component of environmental literacy across countries, by contrast, Environmental behavior scale reached low psychometric results on all foreign respondents.

(English) By the time the liberals triumphantly proclaimed the end of history, some environmentalists started to mobilize the public against western modernity by proclaiming the end of nature. For many people, the environmentalist agenda meant a new ideology that could exceed the classical ones; many, on the other hand, understood environmentalism as radically anti-ideological. In this thesis, I'll focus on the relationship between nature and society that lies in the core of both, environmental thought and modern emancipatory projects. I'll try to expose the inherent contradictions that the environmental discourse inherited from liberalism and Marxism.