Slot dipole antennas fed by coplanar waveguide (CPW) on substrates consisting of a single dielectric layer exhibit various attractive qualities, including significantly wider impedance bandwidth than comparable microstrip patch antennas. For applications that call for unidirectional radiation, such as antennas on airframes, a conducting back plane is needed. A CPW on a conductor-backed single-dielectric-layer substrate will always experience power leakage into the TEM parallel-plate mode. On the other hand, it is possible to design CPW lines on conductor-backed two-layer substrates that are free from leakage into the substrate. However, once the CPW is used as feed line to a slot dipole, power leakage into the TM0 substrate mode caused by the transition between the CPW and the radiating slot, and by the radiating slot itself, may still severely compromise radiation efficiency. This study has two main contributions to offer. First, a paucity of work on CPW-fed slot antennas on conductor-backed two-layer substrates is alleviated by providing a fuller characterization of single-slot behaviour on two-layer parallel-plate substrates than is currently available, and by systematically investigating a practically feasible minimum antenna configuration, namely broadside twin slots, that is not debilitated by the problem of substrate mode leakage. Results obtained with the moment-method-based electromagnetic simulator IE3D that emphasize the trade-off between radiation efficiency and impedance bandwidth are presented; they can be used for design purposes. For instance, with respect to single slots on a substrate with an electrically thin top dielectric layer and an air bottom layer, it is shown that radiation efficiency increases and bandwidth decreases as height of the bottom substrate layer increases. For broadside twin slots, it is demonstrated that spacing close to half a wavelength of the two-layer parallel-plate TM0 mode apart can yield a large improvement in radiation efficiency over that of a single slot (a reduction in bandwidth however occurs). The second main contribution is the development of an approach for finding the mutual admittance Y12 between CPW-fed slots on conductor-backed two-layer substrates that can be more readily incorporated in an iterative array design procedure than a moment-method-based technique, yet is of comparable accuracy; it is built on a standard reciprocity-based expression. As an initial step, the mutual admittance between CPW-fed slots on a conductor-backed two-layer substrate with an air bottom layer is characterized using IE3D. This involves presenting curves for Y12 between twin slots against slot separation d along standard paths for slot half-lengths in the vicinities of the first and second resonant half-lengths of the corresponding isolated slots (such data might be used towards a first-order array design), and a study of the effect of back plane distance (i.e., bottom layer height) on mutual coupling. The bulk of the thesis however is devoted to the above reciprocity-expression approach. Simplifying assumptions are outlined that make it possible to determine Y12 against d by performing a once-only moment-method analysis of each slot in isolation, and then calculating external and internal reaction integrals at each value of d. This is significantly more economical than carrying out a full moment-method analysis of the whole twin-slot structure at every instance of d. Evaluation of the internal reaction integral requires the appropriate component of the spatial-domain Green’s function for the substrate, which is derived in a form containing Sommerfeld-type integrals; treatment of singularities is discussed. The reciprocity-expression approach is verified by comparing Y12 against d curves for twin slots and non-identical slot pairs on a variety of conductor-backed two-layer substrates to IE3D simulations. A procedure that involves judicious selection of reference planes is introduced by which agreement between the methods for the special case of twin slots with the same half-length as the corresponding isolated second-resonant slot can be even further improved. A measurement is provided that validate theoretical calculations. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering / unrestricted

abstract: Mixed-ionic electronic conducting (MIEC) oxides have drawn much attention from researchers because of their potential in high temperature separation processes. Among many materials available, perovskite type and fluorite type oxides are the most studied for their excellent oxygen ion transport property. These oxides not only can be oxygen adsorbent or O2-permeable membranes themselves, but also can be incorporated with molten carbonate to form dual-phase membranes for CO2 separation. Oxygen sorption/desorption properties of perovskite oxides with and without oxygen vacancy were investigated first by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and fixed-bed experiments. The oxide with unique disorder-order phase transition during desorption exhibited an enhanced oxygen desorption rate during the TGA measurement but not in fixed-bed demonstrations. The difference in oxygen desorption rate is due to much higher oxygen partial pressure surrounding the sorbent during the fixed-bed oxygen desorption process, as revealed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of rapidly quenched samples. Research on using perovskite oxides as CO2-permeable dual-phase membranes was subsequently conducted. Two CO2-resistant MIEC perovskite ceramics, Pr0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8 O3-δ (PSCF) and SrFe0.9Ta0.1O3-δ (SFT) were chosen as support materials for membrane synthesis. PSCF-molten carbonate (MC) and SFT-MC membranes were prepared for CO2-O2 counter-permeation. The geometric factors for the carbonate phase and ceramic phase were used to calculate the effective carbonate and oxygen ionic conductivity in the carbonate and ceramic phase. When tested in CO2-O2 counter-permeation set-up, CO2 flux showed negligible change, but O2 flux decreased by 10-32% compared with single-component permeation. With CO2 counter-permeation, the total oxygen permeation flux is higher than that without counter-permeation. A new concept of CO2-permselective membrane reactor for hydrogen production via steam reforming of methane (SRM) was demonstrated. The results of SRM in the membrane reactor confirm that in-situ CO2 removal effectively promotes water-gas shift conversion and thus enhances hydrogen yield. A modeling study was also conducted to assess the performance of the membrane reactor in high-pressure feed/vacuum sweep conditions, which were not carried out due to limitations in current membrane testing set-up. When 5 atm feed pressure and 10-3 atm sweep pressure were applied, the membrane reactor can produce over 99% hydrogen stream in simulation. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Chemical Engineering 2020

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第22685号 / 理博第4626号 / 新制||理||1665(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科化学専攻 / (主査)准教授 前里 光彦, 教授 吉村 一良, 教授 有賀 哲也 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第22706号 / 工博第4753号 / 新制||工||1743(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科物質エネルギー化学専攻 / (主査)教授 江口 浩一, 教授 陰山 洋, 教授 阿部 竜 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM

Error-corecting codes are used during most of data transmissions these days. To save space, we would like to use codes which are able to correct enough errors without extending the message too much. The expander codes look promising - they are asymptotically optimal, however, in practice they are just too long. Better expander constructions could be achieved via randomness con- ductors. In this thesis, we explain what conductors are and which constructions are possible for them. In the end we will convert them to expanders and almost get expander codes which are short enough for practical use but nevertheless good. 1

Le transport thermique dans les nanostructures semi-conductrices est un sujet de recherche très actuel, couvrant de larges domaines applicatifs dont l’auto-échauffement des composants nanoélectroniques et la conversion d’énergie par effet thermoélectrique. La modélisation du transport thermique à l’échelle nanométrique est complexe car la longueur des dispositifs devient du même ordre de grandeur que le libre parcours moyen des porteurs de chaleurs (phonons). L’hypothèse de pseudo-équilibre local n’est plus pertinente, de plus des effets de confinements peuvent aussi apparaitre. Il faut donc développer des outils de modélisation spécifiques.Pour prendre en compte les effets de confinement, j'ai calculé les relations de dispersions des phonons dans les nanostructures. Pour cela, j’ai mis en œuvre une méthode atomistique semi-empirique nommée ABCM (« Adiabadic Bond Charge Model »). J’ai pu ainsi calculer, dans l'ensemble de la zone de Brillouin (« Full Band »), la dispersion des phonons dans du silicium et du germanium en phase Zinc-Blende et aussi en phase Wurtzite.En outre, afin d’évaluer la résistance thermique d’interface, une extension originale du modèle « Acoustic Mismatch Model », entièrement « full-band », a été développée. Grâce à l’approche « Full-Band » la dépendance à l’orientation relative des cristaux de chaque côté de l’interface a été étudiée. Les effets d’orientations sur la transmission ont aussi été étudiés dans des nanofils polyphasés nouvellement synthétisés dans le laboratoire.En parallèle, pour étudier le transport des phonons, j'ai développé un simulateur Monte Carlo particulaire qui utilise les dispersions « Full-Band » calculées en ABCM. Ce type de simulateur est très polyvalent et permet de décrire l’ensemble des régimes de transports (du balistique au diffusif). De plus, comme il utilise une dispersion « Full-Band » les effets de confinement peuvent aussi être inclus. Ce simulateur m’a permis d’étudier les effets d’un changement d’orientation des plans cristallographiques du cristal sur la conductivité thermiques dans des nanofils de silicium et de germanium. J’ai ainsi évalué l’anisotropie du flux thermique dans ces nanostructures. / The heat transfer in semiconducting nanostructures is a current research topic, covering a wide range of applications including self-heating in nanoelectronic devices and energy conversion via thermoelectric effect. The modeling of heat transport at the nanometer scale is complex as the device length is in the same order of magnitude than the mean free path of heat carriers (phonons). The local pseudo-equilibrium assumption is no longer relevant, moreover confinement effects can also appear. Therefore development of specific modeling tools is highly desirable.To take into account the confinement effects, I have calculated the phonon dispersion relations in nanostructures. For this, I have implemented an atomistic semi-empirical method called ABCM (Adiabadic Bond Charge Model). I have calculated, in the entire Brillouin zone (Full Band approach), the dispersion relationship of phonons in both Silicon and Germanium for both Zinc-Blende and Wurtzite phases.In addition, to evaluate the thermal interface resistance, an original extension of the Acoustic Mismatch Model, completely full band, was developed. Within this approach, the dependence on the relative orientation of crystals has been studied in polytype nanowires that were recently synthesized in the laboratory.In parallel, to study the transport of phonons, I developed a particle Monte Carlo simulator that uses Full-Band dispersions calculated via ABCM. This kind of simulator is very versatile and can describe all transport regimes (from ballistic to diffusive one). Moreover, as it uses a "Full-Band" dispersion confinement effects can also be included. This simulator allowed me to study the effects of a change in orientation of the crystallographic planes on the thermal conductivity in both silicon and germanium nanowires. I have thus evaluated the anisotropy of the heat fluxes in these nanostructures.

Effektuttaget ur en elmotor grundar sig i hur mycket ström som kan överföras i elmotorns lindning, vilken i sin tur oftast begränsas av hur varm den blir genom resistiv uppvärmning. Målet med arbetet var att ta reda på vilket värme som uppstår i ledaren, vilken kyleffekt ett vätskeflöde genom ledaren har samt vilket vätsketryck som krävs för att temperaturen på kylvätskan inte ska överstiga 95℃. Genom att ställa upp en analytisk modell kring en ledare och ett vätskeflöde genom denna, vilket i sin tur betyder att hitta kopplingar mellan strömningsmekanikens teori och värmeöverföringsteorin sa erhölls ett resultat. Sedan gjordes både simuleringar och experiment med samma förutsättningar för att kunna validera den analytiska modellen. Den analytiska modellen visade sig stämma väl överens med verkligheten och det skulle visa sig att för en elmotor med 48 ledare med en strömflödestäthet på 50 𝐴/𝑚𝑚2, med en inkommande kylvätsketemperatur på 60℃ och där kylvätskan inte får överstiga 95℃ sa kommer det krävas en pump som kan ge ett flöde av 15 𝑙/𝑚𝑖𝑛 vid ett tryckfall på 1 𝑏𝑎𝑟.

In 2011, the National Association of Schools of Music (NASM) took an official position to recognize the importance of hearing health and injury prevention as a standard for all member-accredited institutions. This is the largest national acknowledgement promoting hearing health and safety within the music discipline and among students seeking a music degree in the United States. The purpose of the study is to describe what conductors (i.e., instructors) of college-based ensembles know about hearing health and the generation of sound intensity levels. The study aimed to describe the 1) current state of conductors’ awareness and knowledge of sound intensity levels, 2) current attitudes of conductors toward learning and sharing knowledge of sound intensity levels, and 3) current teaching practices of conductors in regard to equipment usage (e.g. sound level meter, noise dosimeter, hearing protection devices) relating to sound measurement and exposure. Findings indicate 80.2% of conductors (N = 162, 66% employed by NASM-accredited institutions) agree that sounds generated during ensemble-based instructional activities (EBIAs) in college-level schools of music are capable of harming human hearing, but 24.1% “do not know” if EBIAs they conduct ever exceed sound intensity levels capable of harming human hearing, 54.9% do not know “what services or resources” their home institutions offer/refer to students, 93% are never using a noise dosimeter, 40% have never had an audiology exam, and 70% have never used hearing protection during an EBIA. Conductors have a strong openness to change current teaching practices and inform themselves about hearing health, but few are personally informing and educating their students during the EBIA. The study serves to assist conductors and foster a new dialogue among their students, colleagues, staff, and administrators to revise current curriculum, explore sound measurement technologies, and evaluate current hearing health and safety issues inherent in the practice, performance, and teaching of sound intensity levels generated during EBIAs in college-level schools of music.

1 Abstract The author of this work pays attention to Czech musical personality Jaroslav Kofroň who is known primarily as an educator and author of pedagogical literature: The textbook of harmony; The textbook of rhythm and intonation. The main objective is to bring the essential information about the artist's compositional activity that is not known, although it is very rich and deserves more attention. According to the information the works are identified with the year of their implementation and available materials that are stored in libraries or on the website. The partial aim is a comprehensive and acquaints the public with the whole range of Kofroň personality that we perceive as a performer, a conductor, a choirmaster and a painter. Main chapter provides an overview of the composer's instrumental formation that includes the creation of orchestral, brass, chamber music, solo concerts. A huge attention is focused on the creation of the song, which contains over 600 songs, edited or composed both for solo singing voices and choirs: male, female, children's and mixed. It also identified spiritual music, stage and production for children there. My work provides an analysis of song "Songs for the youngest" and the author's didactic notes Cycle pieces for horn and piano "Images", intended for children of...

The kind of interaction occurring between a conductor and musicians while performing a musical piece together is an unique instance of human non-verbal communication. This Musical Production Process (MPP) thus provides an interesting area of research, both from a communication perspective and by its own right. The long term goal of this project is to model the MPP with machine learning methods, for which large amounts of data are required. Since the amount of data available to this master thesis stems from a single recording session (collected at KTH May 2014) a direct modeling of the MPP is unfeasible. As such the thesis can instead be considered as a pilot project which examines pre-requisites for modeling of the MPP. The main aim of the thesis is to investigate how musical expression can be captured in the modeling of the MPP. Two experiments, as well as a theoretical investigation of the MPP, are performed to this end. The first experiment consists of a HMM classification of sound represented by expressive tone parameters extracted by the CUEX algorithm, and labeled by four emotions. This experiment complements the previous classification of conducting gesture in GP-LVM representation performed by Kelly Karipidou on the same data set. The result of the classification implicitly proves that expression has been transferred from conductor to musicians. As the first experiment considers expression over the musical piece as a whole, the second experiment investigates the transfer of expression from conductor to musician on a local level. To this end local representations of the sound and conducting gesture are extracted, the separability of the four emotions are calculated for both representations by use of the Bhattacharyya distance and the results are compared in search for correlation. Some indications of correlation between the representations of sound and gesture are found. The conclusion is nevertheless that the utilized representations of conducting gesture do not capture musical expression to a sufficient extent. / Interaktionen mellan en dirigent och musiker under ett musikframförande är en unik instans av mänsklig icke-verbal kommunikation. Denna “musikproduktionsprocess” (MPP) utgör därför ett intressant forskningsområde, både ur ett kommunikationsperspektiv såväl som i sin egen rätt. Det långsiktiga målet med detta projekt är att modellera MPP:n med maskininlärningsmetoder, vilket skulle kräva stora mängder data. Då den tillgängliga datamängden härstammar från ett enstaka inspelningstillfälle (KTH, maj 2014) är en direkt modellering av MPP:n inom detta examensarbete ej möjlig. Arbetet bör istället betraktas som ett pilotprojekt som undersöker förutsättningar för att modellera MPP:n. Huvudfokuset för detta examensarbete är att undersöka hur musikaliskt uttryck kan fångas i modelleringen av MPP:n. Två experiment och en teoretisk utredning av MPP:n utförs i detta syfte. Det första experimentet utgörs av HMM-klassificering av ljud, representerat av expressiva tonparametrar framtagna genom CUEX-algoritmen och uppmärkt med fyra olika känslor. Detta experiment kompletterar den tidigare genomförda klassificeringen av dirigentrörelse i en GP-LVM representation av Kelly Karipidou på samma datamängd. Resultatet av klassificeringen bevisar implicit att musikaliskt uttryck överförts från dirigent till musiker. Då det första experimentet undersöker musikaliskt uttrycköver musikstycket i sin helhet är målet för det andra experimentet att undersöka överföringen av musikaliskt uttryck från dirigent till musiker på en lokal nivå. För detta syfte tas lokala representationer för ljud och dirigentrörelse fram, separabiliteten mellan de fyra känslorna kalkyleras via Bhattacharyya-avståndet och resultaten jämförs på jakt efter korrelation. Vissa indikationer på korrelation mellan representationerna för ljud och dirigentrörelse kan iakttas. Slutsatsen är dock att de tillämpade representationerna för dirigentrörelse inte fångar musikaliskt uttryck i tillräckligt hög grad.