Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:54:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ZULEICA APARECIDA CABRAL.pdf: 1319067 bytes, checksum: d1b59e294d1e34872997d5b882440f26 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper discussed the identity reconfigurations of teachers compared to the processes of integration of digital technologies into their teaching practice research focuses primarily on the practices of digital literacies in school, since one of the related issues concerning the (re) identity configurations in a society with unprecedented technological advances amid a globalized society. These advances and changes directly affect the school and the teaching / learning. For these reasons, this thesis aimed to investigate how digital literacy practices are being viewed and used at school, if they are, from the point of view of teachers in the areas of humanities, exact and biological. The specific objectives was to: a) see how the digital literacy practices are being seen in school, b) describe whether the practices of digital literacies are worked in school by teachers in their classroom practices and to what extent this occurs and c) investigate identity configurations of teachers, effective participants in cyberspace through blogs, as autobiographical writing aimed at critical reflection on own performance. The theoretical part listed for this work was Braga (2005), Freitas (2010);Buzato (2010); Coscarelli (2007), Moran (2007), Hall (2006), Bauman (2005), Giddens (1991, 2002) among others. The research took place in two schools in the interior of Paraná,being a public school and a private school, and research participants are teachers who work at the two schools. The research is predominantly qualitative in view of their instruments and technical procedures employed, and these questionnaires, blogs created by teachers participating in which are found the perceptions of working with digital language classroom, group discussions with participants to debate about the use of digital technologies in teaching practice. Therefore, the research was characterized with mixed method research. It is especially important to note that this research craved contribute to teachers working through the practices of literacies / digital literacies and discussion groups, to reflect on new digital technologies in the classroom and also could adopt them before this virtual universe that gather individuals in a society filled with machines and digital equipment. Furthermore, we sought to achieve results that provide better understandings of the practices of literacies / digital literacies and the need for inclusion in the digital world, as well as issues related to the (re) shaping the identity of teachers in this environment / Neste trabalho,discute-se as reconfigurações identitárias dos professores ante aos processos de inserção de tecnologias digitais na prática docente A pesquisa tem como foco principal as práticas de letramentos digitais na escola, posto que uma das questões correlacionadas diz respeito às (re)configurações identitárias em uma sociedade com avanços tecnológicos sem precedentes em meio a uma sociedade globalizada. Esses avanços e mudanças afetam diretamente a escola e os processos de ensino/aprendizagem. Por essas razões é que a presente dissertação teve como objetivo geral investigar como as práticas de letramento digital estão sendo vistas e utilizadas, se é que estão sendo, em um grupo de escolas do interior do Paraná do ponto de vista dos professores das áreas de ciências humanas, exatas e biológicas. Os objetivos específicos visaram a: a) verificar como as práticas de letramento digital são vistas nessas escolas; b) descrever se as práticas de letramentos digitais são trabalhadas nesses ambientes pelos professores nas suas práticas de sala de aula e em que proporção isso ocorre e c) investigar configurações identitárias dos professores, participantes efetivos, no espaço cibernético por meio de blogs, como escrita autobiográfica visando à reflexão crítica da própria atuação. O referencial teórico utilizado para a elaboração deste trabalho foi Braga (2005); Freitas (2010); Buzato (2010); Coscarelli (2011); Moram (2007); Hall (2006); Bauman (2005); Giddens (1991; 2002) dentre outros. A pesquisa aconteceu em duas escolas,sendo uma escola pública e a outra particular, e os participantes da pesquisa são professores que atuam nessas instituições. A pesquisa é predominantemente qualitativa haja vista os instrumentos utilizados e procedimentos técnicos empregados, os quais são: questionários,blogs criados pelos professores participantes, nos quais são encontradas as percepções do trabalho com linguagem digital em sala de aula, discussões em grupo com os participantes para debate sobre o uso de tecnologias digitais na prática docente. Assim, a metodologia de pesquisa pode ser caracterizada como uma forma mista de investigação. É sobremodo importante assinalar que este estudo almejou contribuir para que professores atuantes, por meio das práticas de letramentos/letramentos digitais e grupos de discussão, pudessem refletir sobre a função de novas tecnologias digitais em sala de aula e também pudessem adotá-las, uma vez que esse universo virtual tem arrebanhado indivíduos em uma sociedade repleta de máquinas e equipamentos digitais. Além disso, pretendeu-se alcançar resultados que proporcionassem melhores e tendimentos acerca das práticas de letramentos/letramentos digitais e a necessidade de inserção no universo digital, bem como questões relacionadas à (re)configuração da identidade dos professores neste ambiente.

Dans ce manuscrit de thèse, nous nous intéressons à la description des noyaux atomiques composés d’un nombre impair de nucléons dans la méthode dite de la fonctionnelle énergiede la densité (EDF). Plus précisément, nous présentons et appliquons dans le cas de ces noyaux,des extensions à cette méthode : (i) la projection sur les bons nombres quantiques, (ii) le mélange de configurations à travers la méthode des coordonnées génératrices (GCM), qui permettent deprendre en compte dans nos calculs des corrélations de type « au-delà du champ moyen » entre les nucléons constituant le noyau. De telles extensions n’avaient jusqu’alors été employées, dansleurs versions les plus générales, qu’aux noyaux ayant à la fois un nombre pair de neutrons etde protons, et nous nous proposons donc de démontrer leurs applicabilités également dans le cas des noyaux impairs. Dans la première partie de ce travail, nous présentons le formalisme mathématique de la méthode EDF, en mettant tout particulièrement l’accent sur le traitement des symétries dans cette approche. Dans la seconde partie du manuscrit, nous appliquons notre modèle au cas du noyau de 25Mg et analysons les résultats sous différents angles (ex : précision numérique des résultats, convergence du mélange de configurations, comparaison avec les données expérimentales connues). Les premiers résultats obtenus dans ce travail de thèse sontencourageants et démontrent l’intérêt de notre approche pour les calculs théoriques de structure nucléaire. / In this work, we are interested in the treatment of odd-mass atomic nuclei in energydensity functional (EDF) models. More precisely, the goal of this thesis is to develop and to applyto odd-mass nuclei, the theoretical extensions of the EDF method that are: (i) the projectiontehnique, and (ii) the configuration mixing by the generator coordinate method (GCM). Thesetwo extensions are part of the so-called multi-reference energy density functional (MR-EDF)formalism and allow for taking into account, within an EDF context, the "beyond-mean-field"correlations between the nucleons forming the nucleus. Until now, the MR-EDF formalism hasbeen applied, in its full-fledged version, only to the calculation of even-even nuclei. In this thesis,we want to demonstrate the applicability of such a model also for the description of odd-massnuclei. In the first part of this thesis, we describe the theoretical formalism of the EDF models,giving particular attention to the treatment of symmetries within our approach. In the secondpart of the manuscript, we apply our model to the nucleus 25Mg and investigate different aspectsof the method (e.g. numerical accuracy, convergence of the configuration mixing, comparison toknown experimental data). The results obtained in this work are encouraging and demonstratethe potential of our approach for theoretical nuclear structure calculations.

The performance of commercial Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags is primarily limited by present techniques used for tag antenna design. Currently, industry techniques rely on identifying the RFID tag application (books, clothing, etc.) and then building antenna prototypes of different configurations in order to satisfy minimum read range requirements. However, these techniques inherently lack an electromagnetic basis and are unable to provide a low cost solution to the tag antenna design process. RFID tag performance characteristics (read-range, chip-antenna impedance matching, surrounding environment) can be very complex, and a thorough understanding of the RFID tag antenna design may be gained through an electromagnetic approach in order to reduce the tag antenna size and the overall cost of the RFID system. The research presented in this thesis addresses RFID tag antenna design process for passive RFID tags. With the growing number of applications (inventory, supply-chain, pharmaceuticals, etc), the proposed RFID antenna design process demonstrates procedures to design tag antennas for such applications. Electrical/geometrical properties of the antennas designed were investigated with the help of computer electromagnetic simulations in order to achieve optimal tag performance criteria such as read range, chip-impedance matching, antenna efficiency, etc. Experimental results were performed on the proposed antenna designs to compliment computer simulations and analytical modelling.

The flow-reversal elliptical cylindrical end chamber mufflers of short length are used often in the modern day automotive exhaust systems. The conventional 1-D axial plane wave theory is not able to predict their acoustical attenuation performance in view of the fact that the chamber length is not enough for the evanescent 3-D modes generated at the junctions to decay sufficiently for frequencies below the cut-off frequency. Also, due to the large area expansion ratio at the inlet, the first few higher order modes get cut on even in the low frequency regime. This necessitates a 3-D FEM or 3-D BEM analysis, which is cumbersome and time consuming. Therefore, an ingenious 1-D transverse plane wave theory is developed by considering plane wave propagation along the major-axis of the elliptical section, whereby a 2-port axially short elliptical and circular chamber muffler is characterized by means of the transfer matrix [T] or impedance matrix [Z]. Two different approaches are followed: (1) a numerical scheme such as the Matrizant approach, and (2) an analytical approach based upon the Frobenius series solution of the Webster’s equation governing the transverse plane wave propagation. The convective effects of mean flow are neglected; however the dissipative effects at the ports are taken into account. The TL predicted by this 1-D transverse plane wave analysis is compared with that obtained by means of the 3-D analytical approach and numerical (FEM/BEM) methods. An excellent agreement is observed between this simplified 1-D approach and the 3-D approaches at least up to the cut-on frequency of the (1, 1) even mode in the case of elliptical cylindrical chambers, or the (1, 0) mode in the case of circular cylindrical chambers, thereby validating this 1-D transverse plane wave theory. The acoustical attenuation characteristics of such short chamber mufflers for various configurations are discussed, qualitatively as well as quantitatively. Moreover, the Frobenius series solution enables one to obtain non-dimensional frequencies for determining the resonance peak and trough in the TL graph. The use of this theory is, however, limited to configurations in which both the ports are located along the major axis in the case of elliptical chambers and along the same diameter for circular chambers. The method of cascading the [T] matrices of the 2-port elements cannot be used to analyze a network arrangement of 2-port elements owing to the non-unique direction of wave propagation in such a network of acoustic elements. Although, a few papers are found in the literature reporting the analysis of a network of 2-port acoustic elements, no work is seen on the analysis of a network of multi-port elements having more than two external ports. Therefore, a generalized algorithm is proposed for analyzing a general network arrangement of linear multi-port acoustic elements having N inlet ports and M outlet ports. Each of these multi-port elements constituting the network may be interconnected to each other in an arbitrary manner. By appropriate book-keeping of the equations obtained by the [Z] matrix characterizing each of the multi-port and 2-port elements along with the junction laws (which imply the equality of acoustic pressure and conservativeness of mass velocity at a multi-port junction), an overall connectivity matrix is obtained, whereupon a global [Z] matrix is obtained which characterizes the entire network. Generalized expressions are derived for the evaluation of acoustic performance evaluation parameters such as transmission loss (TL) and insertion loss (IL) for a multiple inlet and multiple outlet (MIMO) system. Some of the characteristic properties of a general multi-port element are also studied in this chapter. The 1-D axial and transverse plane wave analysis is used to characterize axially long and short chambers, respectively, in terms of the [Z] matrix. Different network arrangements of multi-port elements are constructed, wherein the TL performance of such MIMO networks obtained on the basis of either the 1-D axial or 1-D transverse plane wave theory are compared with 3-D FEA carried on a commercial software. The versatility of this algorithm is that it can deal with more than two external or terminal ports, i.e., one can have multiple inlets and outlets in a complicated acoustic network. A generalized approach/algorithm is presented to characterize rigid wall reactive multi-port chamber mufflers of different geometries by means of a 3-D analytical formulation based upon the modal expansion and the uniform piston-driven model. The geometries analyzed here are rectangular plenum chambers, circular cylindrical chamber mufflers with and without a pass tube, elliptical cylindrical chamber mufflers, spherical and hemispherical chambers, conical chamber mufflers with and without a co-axial pass tube and sectoral cylindrical chamber mufflers of circular and elliptical cross-section as well as sectoral conical chamber mufflers. Computer codes or subroutines have been developed wherein by choosing appropriate mode functions in the generalized pressure response function, one can characterize a multi-port chamber muffler of any of the aforementioned separable geometrical shapes in terms of the [Z] matrix, subsequent to which the TL performance of these chambers is evaluated in terms of the scattering matrix [S] parameters by making use of the relations between [Z] and [S] matrices derived earlier. Interestingly, the [Z] matrix approach combined with the uniform piston-driven model is indeed ideally suited for the 3-D analytical formulation inasmuch as regardless of the number of ports, one deals with only one area discontinuity at a time, thereby making the analysis convenient for a multi-port muffler configuration with arbitrary location of ports. The TL characteristics of SISO chambers corresponding to each of the aforementioned geometries (especially the elliptical cylindrical chamber) are analyzed in detail with respect to the effect of chamber dimensions (chamber length and transverse dimensions), and relative angular and axial location of ports. Furthermore, the analysis of SIDO (i.e., single inlet and double outlet) chamber mufflers is given special consideration. In particular, we examine (1) the effect of additional outlet port (second outlet port), (2) variation in the relative angular or axial location of the additional or second outlet port (keeping the location of the inlet port and the outlet ports of the original SISO chamber to be constant) and (3) the effect of interchanging the location of the inlet and outlet ports on the TL performance of these mufflers. Thus, design guidelines are developed for the optimal location of the inlet and outlet ports keeping in mind the broadband attenuation characteristics for a single inlet and multiple outlet (SIMO) system. The non-dimensional limits up to which a flow-reversal elliptical (or circular) cylindrical end chamber having an end-inlet and end-outlet configuration is acoustically short (so that the 1-D transverse plane wave theory is applicable) and the limits beyond which it is acoustically long (so that the 1-D axial plane wave theory is applicable) is determined in terms of the ratio or equivalently, in terms of the ratio. Towards this end, two different configurations of the elliptical cylindrical chamber are considered, namely, (1) End-Offset Inlet (located along the major-axis of the ellipse) and End-Centered Outlet (2) End-Offset Inlet and End-Offset Outlet (both the ports located on the major-axis of the ellipse and at equal offset distance from the center). The former configuration is analyzed using 3-D FEA simulations (on SYSNOISE) while the 3-D analytical uniform piston-driven model is used to analyze the latter configuration. The existence of the higher order evanescent modes in the axially long reversal chamber at low frequency (before the cut-on frequency of the (1, 1) even mode or (1, 0) mode) causes a shift in the resonance peak predicted by the 1-D axial plane wave theory and 3-D analytical approach. Thus, the 1-D axial plane wave analysis is corrected by introducing appropriate end correction due to the modified or effective length of the elliptical cylindrical chamber. An empirical formulae has been developed to obtain the average non-dimensional end correction for the aforementioned configurations as functions of the expansion ratio, (i.e., ), minor-axis to major-axis ratio, (i.e., ) and the center-offset distance ratio, (i.e., ). The intermediate limits between which the chamber is neither short nor long (acoustically) has also been obtained. Furthermore, an ingenious method (Quasi 1-D approach) of combining the 1-D transverse plane wave model with the 1-D axial plane wave model using the [Z] matrix is also proposed for the end-offset inlet and end-centered outlet configuration. A 3-D analytical procedure has also been developed which also enables one to determine the end-correction in axially long 2-port flow-reversal end chamber mufflers for different geometries such as rectangular, circular and elliptical cylindrical as well as conical chambers, a priori to the computation of TL. Using this novel analytical technique, we determine the end correction for arbitrary locations on the two end ports on the end face of an axially long flow-reversal end chamber. The applicability of this method is also demonstrated for determination of the end corrections for the 2-port circular cylindrical chamber configuration without and with a pass tube, elliptical cylindrical chambers as well as rectangular and conical chambers.

La tesi considera les configuracions de profunditat i control d'accés com els paràmetres principals de la recerca acadèmica. L'àmbit de la investigació es defineix per una escala intermitja i alternant, associada a la complexitat dels projectes urbans: desde l'escala domèstica, a l'escala de barri fins a la dimensió i la complexitat de les zones de desenvolupament urbà. La tesi pronuncia un discurs teòric i conceptual sobre la profunditat, verificat amb la re-lectura de projectes històrics i contemporanis que utilitzen diversos models de proximitat i accessibilitat. La investigació acadèmica inclou referències sobre la proximitat, la permeabilitat, les fronteres territorials i l'estudi de les configuracions de profunditat, juntament amb les seves condicions espaials, socials, culturals i ambientals. Diverses configuracions de profunditat que determinen els moviments lineals i múltiples entre els àmbits públics i privats, i entre els espais amb ús individual o col.lectiu, van ser estudiats i comparats. La idea d'espai col·lectiu i els seus sistemes relacionats de distàncies relatives és el file rouge de la investigació. La present tesi redefineix i enmarca el concepte de profunditat; explicant, classificant i comparant diferents models d'accessibilitat i el seu significat social o cultural. Diferents formes de definir els límits, juntament amb els nous conceptes d'espai públic, són estudiats i relacionats amb el discurs sobre la proximitat, profunditat i accessibilitat. Utilitzant la re-lectura dels dos models teòrics i els projectes construïts, la tesi descriuen diferents maneres d'aplicació i suggereix les possibles directrius per als projectes urbans.La profunditat es relaciona amb els models d'organització de l'espai en constant evolució de territoris agregats, inclosos o superposats: la definició i control d'accés proporciona un control territorial. Els mecanismes territorials es basen en la creació de relacions asimètriques: el control territorial tendeix a establir relacions verticals que eviten l'accés en igualtat o indiferència entre els usuaris de l'espai a totes les escales. La lectura jeràrquica de la profunditat, així com la no-jeràrquica, suggereix l'existència de sistemes de configuració, amb la determinació de diversos paràmetres urbanístics i agents operatius simultanis. Les dues teories coincideixen en la importància de la profunditat i la permeabilitat de les configuracions espaials. Després de diversos casos d'estudi, es conclou que la profunditat no només depèn de la quantitat de creuaments de fronteres territorials, o de la quantitat d'espais col.lectius dins d'una seqüència, sinò en la configuració d'espais compartits dins d'un projecte: és el valor de la integració de l'espai compartit el que defineix la qualitat de la configuració de la profunditat. Augmentar la quantitat d'espais col.lectius no implica necessàriament augmentar el valor de la profunditat: depèn de la configuració de la proximitat i la permeabilitat del projecte a diferents nivells, juntament amb la naturalesa de les tàctiques aplicades en la codificació de l'espai.En general, podem detectar una disminució del nivell de complexitat en molts projectes urbans, amb una codificació territorial menys subtil, que permet poca interpretació per part dels usuaris. Els projectes urbans recents no presenten configuracions de profunditat de menor o major longitud, però moltes vegades han obtingut una configuració més simple amb una definició més explícita dels territoris. La majoria dels projectes urbans recents mostren menys estratègies multiple-choice i són més funcionals. En molts projectes, el valor integrat depèn cada vegada més d'elements tipus corredor i de transicions territorials pre-planificades, evitant escenaris de solapament.Els espais col·lectius no són sinònims d'espais entre zones privades i públiques però són superfícies horitzontals extensibles depenent del temps, sovint incloent propietats privades o públiques. Les configuracions de profunditat no es basen en la distinció públic/privat tradicional sinò que depenen de la quantitat, naturalesa i característiques estructurals de l'espai col.lectiu, juntament amb diversos mecanismes de separació.El concepte de configuracions de profunditat no defineix un discurs morfològic simple sobre les seqüències quantitatives lineals de límits creuats: el disseny o la lectura de la profunditat es col·loca dins d'una configuració més complexa de proximitat, permeabilitat, valors d'integració i delimitació de les fronteres en un nivell físic, visual i territorial. La forma i la intensitat de compartir l'espai és determinant per el valor de profunditat. / La tesis considera las configuraciones de profundidad y control de acceso como parámetros los principales de la investigación académica. El ámbito de la investigación se define por una escala intermedia y alternada, asociada a la complejidad de los proyectos urbanos: desde la escala doméstica, a la escala de barrio, hasta la dimensión y la complejidad de las zonas de desarrollo urbano. La tesis pronuncia un discurso teórico y conceptual sobre la profundidad, comprobado con la re-lectura de proyectos históricos y contemporáneos que utilizan varios modelos de proximidad y accesibilidad. La investigación académica incluye referencias acerca de la proximidad, la permeabilidad, los límites territoriales y el estudio de las configuraciones de profundidad, junto con sus condiciones sociales, culturales y ambientales. Varias configuraciones de profundidad que determinan los movimientos lineales y múltiples entre los ámbitos públicos y privados, y entre los espacios con un uso individual o colectivo, fueron estudiados y comparados. La idea de espacio colectivo y sus sistemas relacionados de distancias relativas es el file rouge de la investigación. La presente tesis re-define y encuadra el concepto de profundidad; explicando, clasificando y comparando los diferentes modelos de accesibilidad y su significado social o cultural. Diferentes formas de definir los límites, junto con los nuevos conceptos de espacio público, son estudiados y relacionados con el discurso sobre la proximidad, profundidad y accesibilidad. Basándose en varios modelos teóricos y los proyectos construidos, la tesis describe diferentes maneras de aplicación y sugiere unas posibles directrices para los proyectos urbanos.La profundidad se relaciona con los modelos de organización del espacio en constante evolución de territorios agregados, incluidos o superpuestos: la definición y control de acceso proporciona control territorial. Los mecanismos territoriales se basan en la creación de relaciones asimétricas: el control territorial tiende a establecer relaciones verticales que evitan la igualdad o indiferencia en el acceso entre los diferentes usuarios del espacio a todas las escalas. La lectura jerárquica de profundidad, así como la no-jerárquica, sugiere la existencia de sistemas de configuración, con la determinación de varios parámetros urbanos y agentes operativos simultáneos. Ambas teorías coinciden en la importancia de la profundidad y la permeabilidad de las configuraciones espaciales. Después de varios casos de estudio, se concluye que la profundidad no sólo depende de la cantidad de cruces de fronteras territoriales, o de la cantidad de espacios colectivos dentro de una secuencia, sino en la configuración misma de espacios compartidos dentro de un proyecto: el valor de la integración del espacio compartido define la calidad de la configuración de la profundidad. Aumentar la cantidad de espacios colectivos no implica necesariamente un aumento del valor de la profundidad: eso depende de la configuración de la proximidad y la permeabilidad del proyecto a diferentes niveles, junto con la naturaleza de las tácticas utilizadas en la codificación del espacio.En general, podemos detectar una disminución del nivel de complejidad en muchos proyectos urbanos, con una codificación territorial menos sutil, que permite una interpretación menos libre por parte de los usuarios. Los últimos proyectos urbanos no presentan configuraciones de profundidad de mayor o menor longitud, pero en muchas ocasiones han obtenido una configuración más simple, con una definición de los territorios más explícita. La mayoría de los proyectos urbanos recientes muestran menos estrategias de multiple-choice y son cada vez más funcionales. En muchos proyectos, el valor de integración depende cada vez más de elementos tipo corredor y transiciones territoriales pre-planificadas, evitando escenarios de solape.Los espacios colectivos no son sinónimos de los espacios entre ámbitos privados y públicos pero son superficies horizontales extensibles, dependiendo del tiempo, a menudo incluyendo las propiedades privadas o públicas. Las configuraciones de profundidad no se basan en la distinción público/privado tradicional sino que dependen de la cantidad, naturaleza y características estructurales del espacio colectivo, junto con varios mecanismos de separación.El concepto de configuraciones de profundidad no define un discurso morfológico simple, acerca de las secuencias cuantitativas y lineales de límites cruzados: el diseño o la lectura de la profundidad se coloca dentro de una configuración más compleja que contiene la proximidad, permeabilidad, valores de integración y delimitación de los límites en un nivel físico, visual y territorial. La forma y la intensidad de compartir el espacio es determinante para el valor de la profundidad. / The thesis considers depth configurations and access control the main parameters of academic research. The investigation domain is defined by an intermediate and alternating scale, associated with the complexity of urban projects: from the domestic scale, to the scale of the neighborhood till the dimension and complexity of urban development areas. The thesis pronounces a theoretical and conceptual discourse about depth, tested by re-reading historical and contemporary projects that used various models of proximity and accessibility. The academic investigation includes references about proximity, permeability, territorial boundaries and the study of depth configurations, together with its spatial, social, cultural and environmental conditions. Various depth configurations that determine linear and multiple movements between public and private realms, between spaces with individual or collective use, were studied and compared. The idea of collective space and its related systems of relative distances is the file rouge of investigation. The present dissertation redefines and frames the concept of depth and explains, classifies and compares different models of accessibility and their very social or cultural meaning. Different ways of defining boundaries, together with new concepts of public space are studied and linked with the discourse about proximity, depth and accessibility. Using re-reading of both theoretical models and built projects, the thesis describes different ways of application and suggests possible guidelines for urban design projects. Depth is related to models of space organization in ever-changing aggregated, included or overlapped territories: defining and controlling access provides territorial control. Territorial mechanisms are based on creating asymmetrical relationships: territorial control tends to establish vertical relationships that avoid equal or indifferent accessibility between different space users at all scales. Hierarchical as well as non-hierarchical reading of depth suggests the existence of configurational systems, with several determining urban parameters and simultaneously operating agents. Both theories coincide in the importance of depth and the permeability within spatial configurations. After various case studies, we conclude that depth does not only depend on the amount of territorial boundaries crossed, or on the amount of collective spaces within a sequence, but on the way of configuring shared spaces within a project: it is the integration value of the shared space that defines the quality of the depth configuration. Increasing the amount of collective spaces does not necessarily increase the value of depth: this depends on the configuration of proximity and permeability of the project at different levels, together with the nature of applied tactics of space codification. In general, we can detect a decreasing level of complexity in many urban projects, with less subtle territorial codification, almost not allowing the user's interpretation. Last century's urban projects do not present longer or shorter depth configurations but in many occasions obtained a much more simple configuration, compensated by explicitly defined territories. Most recent urban projects show less multiple-choice strategies and are more functionally based. In many projects, the integrated value depends increasingly on corridor elements and pre-planned territorial transitions, avoiding overlap scenarios. Collective spaces are no synonyms for areas forced between clearly private and public spaces: they are time-dependent stretchable horizontal interfaces, often including private or public properties. Collective spaces rather depend on the way of sharing space. Depth configurations are not based on the traditional private/public distinction but depend on the amount, the nature and the structural qualities of collective space, together with several spacing mechanisms. The concept of depth configurations does not define a simple morphological discourse about linear quantitative sequences of crossing boundaries: the designing or reading of depth is placed within a more complex configuration of proximity, permeability, integration values and delimiting boundaries on a physical, visual and territorial level. The way and intensity of sharing space is determining for depth value.

Modalités de gestion du milieu temporel dans une conduite de processus multiples en situation dynamique :une recherche dans des entreprises horticoles. Cette recherche porte sur les modalités de gestion temporelle, dans des situations professionnelles tendues entre les nécessités d'une production engageant des phénomènes dynamiques multiples et une rationalisation du travail supposée faire face aux besoins économiques de l'entreprise, en l'occurrence, dans le secteur de l'horticulture. La thèse soutenue est que les travailleurs, et en particulier des chefs de culture en tant qu'encadrants intermédiaires, assurent une gestion de leur milieu temporel de travail, dans la dynamique de leur activité. Cette gestion est active dans le sens où elle intègre des cadres temporels. Ceux-ci peuvent être analysés à la fois comme des ressources et des contraintes dans leur activité. La gestion du milieu temporel peut être entravée par certaines configurations de ces cadres, qui ne permettent pas aux chefs de culture d'intégrer les risques pour la production, pour eux-mêmes ou pour les autres travailleurs. Nous proposons une structure de formalisation des cadres temporels et de leurs interrelations dans la dynamique du milieu temporel. Elle est issue d'une démarche de " dépliage " des temporalités, fondée sur une analyse ergonomique de l'activité. La modélisation des cadres et de la gestion du milieu temporel est une conceptualisation fonctionnelle pour analyser les conditions temporelles du travail en tant que ressources pour un agir temporel pragmatique dans l'activité.

In this dissertation we study free boundary problems that model the evolution of interfaces in the presence of elasticity, such as thin film profiles and material void boundaries. These problems are characterized by the competition between the elastic bulk energy and the anisotropic surface energy. First, we consider the evolution equation with curvature regularization that models the motion of a two-dimensional thin film by evaporation-condensation on a rigid substrate. The film is strained due to the mismatch between the crystalline lattices of the two materials and anisotropy is taken into account. We present the results contained in [62] where the author establishes short time existence, uniqueness and regularity of the solution using De Giorgi’s minimizing movements to exploit the L2 -gradient flow structure of the equation. This seems to be the first analytical result for the evaporation-condensation case in the presence of elasticity. Second, we consider the relaxed energy introduced in [20] that depends on admissible pairs (E, u) of sets E and functions u defined only outside of E. For dimension three this energy appears in the study of the material voids in solids, where the pairs (E, u) are interpreted as the admissible configurations that consist of void regions E in the space and of displacements u of the atoms of the crystal. We provide the precise mathematical framework that guarantees the existence of minimal energy pairs (E, u). Then, we establish that for every minimal configuration (E, u), the function u is C 1,γ loc -regular outside an essentially closed subset of E. No hypothesis of starshapedness is assumed on the voids and all the results that are contained in [18] hold true for every dimension d ≥ 2.

Cette thèse veut saisir les dynamiques sociales, politiques et économiques de l'échange commercial franco-nigérian à partir de l'étude des relations entre les cadres et entrepreneurs d'entreprises françaises et nigérianes. La relation historique et politique particulière entre le Nigeria et la France, l'incertitude de l'environnement des affaires au Nigeria, la violence, l'insécurité et le pluralisme national et culturel des acteurs économiques constituent les aspects clés du contexte spécifique de ces relations, qui crée un champ de possibilités avec lesquelles interagissent les parcours et les motivations personnels des acteurs économiques. Les formes sociales et les interactions quotidiennes qui viennent s'y inscrire influencent à leur tour le cadre de l'échange, ses règles du jeu. Les acteurs tirent parti de ce contexte et de ses " difficultés " grâce aux ressources dont ils disposent au préalable ou qu'ils y puisent, pour mettre en place des configurations sociales et organisations qui permettent de faire fonctionner l'activité commerciale et l'échange dans ce cadre particulier en les rendant moins risqués, en générant des bénéfices financiers et en les inscrivant dans une certaine durée. Les mécanismes d'organisation et de hiérarchisation des formes sociales liées à l'échange commercial sont lisibles à trois niveaux. 1) Aucun groupe social ne se forme au niveau des élites économiques internationales concernées par l'étude, 2) en revanche ces élites mettent sur pied des configurations liées aux activités commerciales. Ces configurations sont flexibles, peu institutionnalisées, diverses, marquées par des situations d'intermédiation, basées à la fois sur des contrats commerciaux et des conventions. 3) D'autre part les relations professionnelles entre cadres internationaux permettent de saisir plus particulièrement les rapports de pouvoir et de domination traversant les relations commerciales. Si les intérêts financiers sont à la base de la rencontre des acteurs et de la plupart de leurs relations et des organisations mises en place, ils co-agissent avec d'autres mécanismes sociaux, notamment des dispositifs de classification et de hiérarchisation liés aux nationalités et origines qui, croisés avec les statuts socioprofessionnels, sont à l'origine de clivages et de conflits au coeur de la coopération économique.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur terapeuters personlighetskonfiguration aktualiseras i relation till patienten tidigt i terapin samt samband mellan olika mönster av samstämmighet eller komplementaritet mellan patientens och terapeutens personlighetskonfiguration och dess betydelse för utfall.  I 33 par bestående av patient och terapeut klassificerades terapeuterna som antingen i huvudsak anaklitiska eller introjektiva utifrån Prototype Matching of Anaclitic-Introjective Configuration (PMAI) av två oberoende bedömare vilka uppvisade god interbedömarreliabilitet (kappa =0,63). Resultatet visar en signifikant större förbättring för den samstämmiga gruppen. Studien pekar på betydelsen av att terapeuten tidigt anpassar sin stil att relatera till patientens personlighetsbaserade orientering på relaterande eller autonomi/självavgränsning.

Pour X un espace topologique, l'algèbre de Lie de Malcev de son groupe fondamental (ou algèbre de Lie de Malcev de X) fait partie des invariants étudiés en homotopie rationnelle. Un espace est dit 1-formel si cette algèbre de Lie est quadratique. Les connexions de type Knizhnik-Zamolodochikov peuvent permettre d'établir des résultats de "formalité " des espaces de configurations de points sur les surfaces. On s'intéresse à une famille d'espaces X qui sont des espaces de configurations de points sur la sphère, tordus par l'action d'un groupe fini d'homographies. On étudie le groupe fondamental de X et on construit une connexion de type Knizhnik-Zamolodochikov qui permet de calculer l'algèbre de Lie de Malcev de X et de démontrer sa 1-formalité. / The Malcev Lie algebra of the fundamental group of X (or Macev Lie algebra of X) is an algebraic invariant of the space X studied in rational homotopy theory. The space X is 1-formal if its Malcev algebra is quadratic. One can use Knizhnik–Zamolodchikov-type connections to obtain "formality" (1-formality or filtered formality) results for configuration spaces of surfaces. In the thesis we consider a family of orbit configuration spaces X of the complex projective line associated to finite finite groups of homographies. We study the fundamental group of X and constuct Knizhnik– Zamolodchikov-type connections. This allows us to give a presentation of the Malcev Lie algebra of X and to prove the 1-formality of X.