Yes / This paper outlines an experiment on a 12 m long composite beam subjected to uniformly distributed loading. Although composite beams are widely used, current Eurocode design guidelines for these types of members can be over-conservative, particularly in relation to the required degree of shear connection. The tested beam comprised a concrete slab supported by profiled metal decking, connected to an asymmetric fabricated steel I-beam using welded shear studs. The specimen was assembled using unpropped construction methods and had a degree of shear connection equal to 33%, significantly lower than the minimum required amount specified in Eurocode 4. A uniformly distributed load was applied to the specimen, which was increased until the failure occurred characterized by yielding of the steel beam. The maximum bending moment of the composite beam obtained from the test was close to the plastic bending resistance according to the Eurocode 4. No concrete crushing or shear stud failure was observed and the end slips exceeded 6 mm, the limit for ductile behaviour in Eurocode 4. The test demonstrated the merits of unpropped construction, which are currently not fully exploited in Eurocode 4. The comparison and analysis suggest that the design limits governing the minimum degree of shear connection might be revised. / RFCS

Yes / For composite cellular beams, additional deflections occur due to the loss of bending and shear stiffness at the opening positions and also due to slip in the shear connectors caused by partial shear connection. Design formulae are presented for the additional deflection of composite beams with circular openings or for cellular beams as a function of the proportionate depth of the openings. The simplified formulae are calibrated against finite element results for both cellular and solid web beams and also against measured deflections of a 15.3 m composite cellular beam test. This additional deflection is presented as a function of flexural and shear terms that are a function of the span:depth ratio. For modelling of cellular beams to determine deflections, the circular opening may be represented by an equivalent rectangular opening of length equal to 70% of the opening diameter.

As people awaken to find their skin morphing into tree bark, gears or stained glass, they navigate a landscape of disconnection, uncertainty and volatile metamorphosis. Years into this newfound reality, and with licorice limbs guiding her every step, Aziza joins the Lynchpin Society, an institution developed to navigate the unfamiliar changes unfolding beyond humanity's orbit of understanding.

Architecture has always been about connection since its primary purpose of building a shelter for humans. Among many other things, it provides connections between people, and connections between people and the natural and built environment. The design and building process is about connection as well. We design in the present, relying on the past to build in the future. In this context, time is the strongest connection that is present in most of the built environment around us. I consider museums to be a good building type that connects people with objects and materials of historical, religious, and cultural importance through preservation and presentation for the public. Since a very young age, I used to admire the buildings while walking the streets of Casablanca, where I was born. A city that is a combination of traditional Islamic influenced design and the European style of construction brought by the colonizers. My goal in this thesis is to explore, in an architectural setting, connecting the old city to the new city, and present this story to the general public. / Master of Architecture / Museums connect people with objects and materials of historical, religious, and cultural importance through preservation and presentation to the public. This thesis is an exploration of an architectural setting in which the person would go on a journey in the past to learn and discover how the city of Casablanca came to what it is today. Located in the heart of the city, the site helps orient the visitors by allowing them to have a visual of parts of both the old and new city. That will strongly show the connection between both the Islamic and European architectural styles.

The Casual Connection as an Element of the Legal Liability Abstract of Dissertation The concept of the casual connection is not understood in a uniform manner, although it represents the principal legal institute that enables functioning of the law. However, the nature and purpose of the legal liability in the Czech jurisprudence remains the object of discussions, and this is supported by the fact that the positive legal regulation uses the concept of liability at random. Within the vindicative concept of the legal liability as the secondary legal liability arising as the result of the violation of the primary legal liability, we can discern several basic elements. It is particularly the violation of the legal liability, the negative consequence consisting in the violation of or a threat to the legal values, as well as the casual connection between the wrongful act and the negative consequence. The causal connection is the principal element of the legal liability which represents the objective element whereby a wrongful act may be attributed to a certain subject. Thus, the causal connection transmits the penal liability to the subject concerned. Mostly, it is not difficult to find the element of violation of the legal liability and the negative consequence. However, the situation is more complicated in the...

Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal verificar a viabilidade econômica financeira da autoprodução direta e interligada, isto é, elaborar uma comparação entre uma usina hidrelétrica ligada diretamente à unidade de consumo, e uma usina ligada ao Sistema Interligado Nacional, com potência e energia asseguradas. Para isso, foram utilizados, como premissas, uma indústria de alumínio que, como parte integrante dos grandes consumidores de energia brasileira, é um tipo de indústria eletro-intensiva, e emprega milhares de pessoas direta e indiretamente; também uma usina hidrelétrica, que neste trabalho foi a UHE Piraju, usina de concessão da CIA BRASILEIRA DE ALUMÍNIO, que gentilmente cedeu os dados de geração física real. Foram adotadas as seguintes metodologias para comparação da viabilidade, utilizando um cenário de geração e preços SPOT dos anos de 2006 e 2007: (i) Autoprodução Direta: Geração física real, comercializando excedentes e comprando energia do mercado ao preço SPOT quando necessário, e considerando todos os encargos e benefícios deste tipo de ligação; (ii) Autoprodução Conectada no SIN: Energia Assegurada Sazonalizada em 3 cenários distintos, Flat, com sazonalização moderada e sazonalização otimizada, considerando também os custos de conexão e encargos pertinentes para cada cenário. Os resultados apresentados mostram que, por pouca margem de diferença, foi mais vantajoso o cenário com a energia assegurada otimizada, porém, é possível verificar que, ponderando os resultados apresentados nos diversos cenários, verificamos que é mais viável a usina ligada diretamente à carga, pois a previsibilidade do mercado de preços de curto prazo é pequena, e dificilmente se acertaria com precisão os PLD´s registrados no ano seguinte ao da sazonalização. Contudo, o Decreto no 5.163, de 30 de Julho de 2004, através do Artigo 71, somente permite que usinas sejam ligadas diretamente à carga se estiverem dentro do mesmo sítio. O proposto é a inclusão de um novo parágrafo no Artigo 71 com condições de economicidade para a permissão da ligação da usina diretamente ao consumo. / The main goal of this study is to verify the economic financial feasibility of the direct self production, it means, of a hydropower unit directly connected to a consumption unit and to a hydropower unit connected to the SIN, with guaranteed power and energy. For this purpose, the study used as pattern an aluminum industry, which, as part of the Brazilian hall of the major energy users, a type of electric-intensive industry, and that involves thousands of employees directly and indirectly, as well as an hydroelectric power unit, which in this study was the UHE Piraju, the energy authorized supplier unit of the CIA BRASILEIRA DE ALUMÍNIO, who gently provided the real generation data. The following methodology were adopted to compare the feasibility, using a generation scenario and SPOT values of 2006 and 2007: (i) Direct Self Production: Real generation, trading leftovers and acquiring market energy at SPOT values, when required, and considering all costs and benefits of this type of connection; (ii) SIN Connected Self production: guaranteed seasoned energy in different scenarios, Flat, with seasonalization moderated and seasonalization optimized, also considering the connection and applicable costs for each scenario. The presented results indicated that, for a small difference, the most advantageous scenario was the one with optimized guaranteed energy, however, it is possible to verify that evaluating the presented results in the different cases, it was verified that is more feasible the unit directed connected to a demand, since the forecast of short term values market is small, and it would hardly precise ascertain with the registered PLD (Settlement Price for the Differences) in the following year of the seasonalization. However, the Act n. 5.163, July 30, 2004, through the Article 71 only allows power units to be connected to the demand if they are in the same site. The proposal is the inclusion of a new paragraph in the Article 71 with economic conditions in order to allow the connection between the power unit to the consumption.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal verificar a viabilidade econômica financeira da autoprodução direta e interligada, isto é, elaborar uma comparação entre uma usina hidrelétrica ligada diretamente à unidade de consumo, e uma usina ligada ao Sistema Interligado Nacional, com potência e energia asseguradas. Para isso, foram utilizados, como premissas, uma indústria de alumínio que, como parte integrante dos grandes consumidores de energia brasileira, é um tipo de indústria eletro-intensiva, e emprega milhares de pessoas direta e indiretamente; também uma usina hidrelétrica, que neste trabalho foi a UHE Piraju, usina de concessão da CIA BRASILEIRA DE ALUMÍNIO, que gentilmente cedeu os dados de geração física real. Foram adotadas as seguintes metodologias para comparação da viabilidade, utilizando um cenário de geração e preços SPOT dos anos de 2006 e 2007: (i) Autoprodução Direta: Geração física real, comercializando excedentes e comprando energia do mercado ao preço SPOT quando necessário, e considerando todos os encargos e benefícios deste tipo de ligação; (ii) Autoprodução Conectada no SIN: Energia Assegurada Sazonalizada em 3 cenários distintos, Flat, com sazonalização moderada e sazonalização otimizada, considerando também os custos de conexão e encargos pertinentes para cada cenário. Os resultados apresentados mostram que, por pouca margem de diferença, foi mais vantajoso o cenário com a energia assegurada otimizada, porém, é possível verificar que, ponderando os resultados apresentados nos diversos cenários, verificamos que é mais viável a usina ligada diretamente à carga, pois a previsibilidade do mercado de preços de curto prazo é pequena, e dificilmente se acertaria com precisão os PLD´s registrados no ano seguinte ao da sazonalização. Contudo, o Decreto no 5.163, de 30 de Julho de 2004, através do Artigo 71, somente permite que usinas sejam ligadas diretamente à carga se estiverem dentro do mesmo sítio. O proposto é a inclusão de um novo parágrafo no Artigo 71 com condições de economicidade para a permissão da ligação da usina diretamente ao consumo. / The main goal of this study is to verify the economic financial feasibility of the direct self production, it means, of a hydropower unit directly connected to a consumption unit and to a hydropower unit connected to the SIN, with guaranteed power and energy. For this purpose, the study used as pattern an aluminum industry, which, as part of the Brazilian hall of the major energy users, a type of electric-intensive industry, and that involves thousands of employees directly and indirectly, as well as an hydroelectric power unit, which in this study was the UHE Piraju, the energy authorized supplier unit of the CIA BRASILEIRA DE ALUMÍNIO, who gently provided the real generation data. The following methodology were adopted to compare the feasibility, using a generation scenario and SPOT values of 2006 and 2007: (i) Direct Self Production: Real generation, trading leftovers and acquiring market energy at SPOT values, when required, and considering all costs and benefits of this type of connection; (ii) SIN Connected Self production: guaranteed seasoned energy in different scenarios, Flat, with seasonalization moderated and seasonalization optimized, also considering the connection and applicable costs for each scenario. The presented results indicated that, for a small difference, the most advantageous scenario was the one with optimized guaranteed energy, however, it is possible to verify that evaluating the presented results in the different cases, it was verified that is more feasible the unit directed connected to a demand, since the forecast of short term values market is small, and it would hardly precise ascertain with the registered PLD (Settlement Price for the Differences) in the following year of the seasonalization. However, the Act n. 5.163, July 30, 2004, through the Article 71 only allows power units to be connected to the demand if they are in the same site. The proposal is the inclusion of a new paragraph in the Article 71 with economic conditions in order to allow the connection between the power unit to the consumption.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2018-04-16T19:05:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PEDRO FERNANDO SAHIUM.pdf: 3914519 bytes, checksum: 2bea552bec05dbb5d9bffd656dbdd8a5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-16T19:05:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PEDRO FERNANDO SAHIUM.pdf: 3914519 bytes, checksum: 2bea552bec05dbb5d9bffd656dbdd8a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-20 / From its beginning, Protestantism in Brazil shows changes in the expression of faith that were brought in to the tropical land as well as changes on the religious field where this faith is currently inserted. The church in Connection (CC) disconnected from a church that sprouted from a division of Brazilian Presbyterianism. As advised by many historians, it is best to refer to Protestantisms instead Protestantism due to such internal diversity of this line of Christianity. The Church originated from Presbyterian Church of Brazil, that was a result from the union of the churches Presbyterian independent and Cristian Presbyterian. The Church Connection is a Brazilian Institution that got inspiration from the Modus Operandi of Church by the Glades, located in USA. The Church has implemented special programs and special organization as well as a unique event preparations that include spectacular services in movie like ambient and best media resources. This plan is to gain the market of religious young adults, in doing so, the Church Connection has welcomed almost one thousand participants to it’s Sunday services in three years (2014-2016) as well of a portion of young adults from other evangelical churches. The Church avoids practices that may include magical practices such as cures, or use of spiritual gifts often used by the Pentecostals or Neo-Pentecostals. The Church uses techniques of Multimedia system and the performance by its leaders to produce exciting theme services that are plentiful innovations. The Church aims to get closer to de daily routine of young adults by offering Applications on the Smartphones and a constant presence on the electronic Medias. The members of the Church are part of a well-organized institution that every Sunday presents them with a new show of entertainment that deeply pleases them. This spectacular renewed event, mediated by its technicality and religiosity, however, goes beyond pure entertainment, and the relational triad: religion/entertainment/ youth, presents an important axle of significance and anchorage in a world of programed infant like behavior, individualism and impersonal exchanges. The Church opted to offer a show to the youth and in its complete package of services it is also included a possibility of anchoring in a fluid world. / Desde a entrada do protestantismo no Brasil, percebem-se as mudanças dessa expressão de fé religiosa trazidas para terras tropicais, até as mudanças no campo religioso, em que essa fé se insere atualmente. A igreja Church in Connection (CC) se desconectou de uma igreja que surgiu do desmembramento do presbiterianismo brasileiro. Como já salientaram historiadores da religião, é melhor falar em protestantismos ao invés de protestantismo, dada a diversidade interna dessa vertente do cristianismo. A Church se originou da igreja Presbiteriana Renovada do Brasil (IPRB) que, por sua vez, foi resultado da união das igrejas Presbiteriana Independente (IPI) e Igreja Cristã Presbiteriana (ICP). A Church in Connection é uma instituição brasileira que se inspirou no modus operandi de outra igreja, esta nos Estados Unidos, a Church By the Glades (CBG). Com um catálogo de programações e de organização especialmente preparada para o nicho jovem do mercado religioso, incluindo cultos espetaculares com ambiência de cinema e fazendo largo uso das mídias eletrônicas, a Church em três anos de funcionamento (2014-2016) angariou quase mil participantes nos seus cultos dominicais e envolveu a parcela jovem oriunda de outras igrejas do campo evangélico. Distanciando-se de práticas mágicas como as de cura, ou do uso de dons espirituais, a exemplo das igrejas pentecostais e neopentecostais, a Church usa das técnicas do Sistema Multimídia e da performance dos seus líderes para produzir cultos temáticos, animados, diferentes e repletos de novidades. Com aplicativos de Internet de uso nos smartphones e presença permanente nas mídias eletrônicas, a Church se aproxima do cotidiano experiencial dos jovens. Os fiéis da igreja se veem envolvidos numa instituição empresarial bem organizada, que apresenta a cada domingo um show novo para entretenimento e delírio dos frequentadores. Contudo, esse espetáculo renovado, por meio de um corpo técnico e religioso, vai além de puro entretenimento, e a tríade relacional de religião, show midiático e juventude apresenta importante eixo gerador de sentido e de ancoragem num mundo de infantilização programada, de individualismo e fluxos impessoais. A Church optou por oferecer o espetáculo à juventude e no pacote completo dos seus serviços está inclusa a possibilidade de ancoragem num mundo fluído.

A private, not-for-profit, 4-year urban university had been struggling to improve its 1st-year retention rate despite conducting previous studies and implementing various initiatives. This study explored the influence that students' personal connections to the study site had on their experience in their 1st year in college. Tinto's student integration models of attrition, Astin's theory on student involvement, and Berger and Milem's model of persistence served as the conceptual framework. A case study design was employed to examine faculty and staff members' beliefs on how the university established and maintained connections with its students and how faculty, staff, and students viewed 1st-year initiatives and retention in relation to personal connection. Individual interviews were conducted with 3 faculty members, 3 staff members, and 15 2nd-year students. The resulting data were coded both manually and using Microsoft OneNote and were analyzed for emerging themes. Some of the results that emerged from the study included that the study site had a difficult time establishing a connection with its students, 1st-year initiatives had mixed results, students stayed at the study site because of a personal connection, and urban institutions have a difficult time establishing a connection with students. These results shed light on a new area on which the university can focus its retention and 1st-year experience efforts. A white paper was written to offer possible solutions to administrators, including changes to the dormitories and a redesign of the 1st-year seminar course. Improvements to 1st-year retention will help promote positive social change by enabling more students to stay in college and graduate on time, which in turn enhances job opportunities and the potential for higher wages.

Lapped joints of cold-formed steel (CFS) Z-shaped purlins are extensively used in metal building roof systems. The research that has been carried out so far for these lapped connections is primarily focused on connections with round holes. However, the lapped connections with vertical slotted holes are extensively used in current construction practice to simplify the erection of continuous Z-shaped roof purlins. There is no design guideline or recommendation available for CFS Z-purlin lapped connections with vertical slotted holes. Presented in this paper are the results of an experimental study and analysis of the structural behaviour of lapped CFS Z-shaped purlin connections with vertical slotted holes. 42 flexural tests were performed on lapped CFS Z-shaped purlins with vertical slotted connections with different lap lengths, purlin depths, thicknesses and spans. The flexural strength and deflection of each specimen were measured. The characteristics of moment resistance and flexure stiffness of the lapped purlins were computed. The test results show that the lapped purlins with vertical slotted holes may be more flexible than the lapped purlins with round holes or continuous purlins without lapped joint. Thus, the slotted connections may need greater lap lengths to achieve full stiffness of continuous purlins. The results also indicate that the characteristics of moment resistance and flexural stiffness in the slotted connections are dependent on the ratio of lap length to purlin depth, the ratio of lap length to purlin thickness, the ratio of purlin depth to purlin thickness, and the ratio of lap length to span. Based on the results, design recommendations for evaluating the moment resistance and flexural stiffness of lapped slotted connections were proposed.