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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Estudo molecular em indivíduos surdos com diagnóstico genético indefinido / Molecular study of deaf individuals with genetically : inconclusive diagnostic

Silva-Costa, Sueli Matilde da, 1962- 22 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Edi Lucia Sartorato / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T12:01:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva-Costa_SueliMatildeda_D.pdf: 3629847 bytes, checksum: 5dcc278ff8f0cd9eda6627d011e23a06 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A deficiência auditiva é dos defeitos sensoriais o mais comum, afetando cerca de um em cada quinhentos recém-nascidos. Mais de 60% dos casos de perda auditiva congênita são causadas por fatores genéticos. Apesar da grande heterogeneidade da perda auditiva genética, mais de 50% estão associadas a mutações no locus DFNB1 no cromossomo 13q12. Este locus contém os genes GJB2 e GJB6 que codificam as proteínas conexina 26 e 30 respectivamente. A alta prevalência de indivíduos com perda auditiva apresentando mutações recessivas no locus DFNB1 em apenas um alelo tem dificultado o diagnóstico molecular e consequentemente o aconselhamento genético. Portanto, o principal objetivo deste trabalho foi elucidar a causa genética da perda auditiva em quarenta e oito indivíduos monoalélicos para mutações recessivas no gene GJB2 (46) ou no gene GJB6 (2). Prováveis novas deleções no locus DFNB1 foram encontradas em quatro indivíduos heterozigotos para mutações no gene GJB2. Além disso, entre os quarenta e oito indivíduos estudados foram detectadas duas mutações no gene SLC26A4 (p.V609G, p.C282Y) em três deles e ainda, duas mutações no gene CDH23, p.R1746Q e p.R301Q, em dois indivíduos. As mutações, p.V609G, p.C282Y e p.R1746Q, foram encontradas em heterozigose e, portanto, não é possível afirmar que, de fato, essas alterações sejam a causa da surdez. Contudo, a mutação p.R301Q, encontrada em homozigose em um dos pacientes estudados, trata-se de uma mutação missense e poderia explicar o fenótipo. Entre os quarenta e oito indivíduos estudados foram ainda detectadas oito alterações mitocondriais em dezoito casos. Quatro delas podem estar envolvidas com a perda auditiva justificando assim a surdez. Quanto a análise do cluster miR-183, nenhuma mutação patogênica foi encontrada em nenhum dos quinhentos e vinte e um indivíduos analisados, o que corrobora com dados da literatura onde mutações nos microRNAs, miR-96-183-182 não são uma causa comum de surdez. Concluiu-se que, a pesquisa de mutações em outros genes diminui o número de casos com diagnóstico inconclusivo. Entretanto, devido à grande heterogeneidade genética e clínica da perda auditiva muitos permanecem ainda com diagnóstico indefinido / Abstract: Hearing impairment is the most common sensory impairment, affecting approximately one in five hundred newborns. More than 60% of the congenital hearing loss cases are caused by genetics factors. Despite the enormous heterogeneity of genetic hearing loss, up to 50% of the cases are associated with mutations in the DFNB1 locus on chromosome 13q12. This locus contains the GJB2 and GJB6 genes, which code for the gap junction (GJ) proteins connexin 26 (Cx26) and connexin 30 (Cx30) respectively. A large number of affected individuals carry only a single identified recessive mutation in locus DFNB1, making the molecular diagnostic and genetic counseling difficult. The aim of this study was to elucidate the genetic cause of hearing loss in forty eight individuals monoallelic for recessive mutations in the GJB2 gene (46) or in GJB6 gene (2). Probable new DFNB1 locus deletions were found in four individuals heterozygous for mutations in GJB2 however. Moreover, among the forty eight heterozygous individuals studied, two mutations were detected in the SLC26A4 gene (p.V609G, p.C282Y) in three of them and two mutations in CDH23 gene (p.R1746Q p.R301Q) were identified in two individuals. Mutations, p.V609G, and p.C282Y p.R1746Q were found in heterozygous and therefore could not be considered the cause of deafness in the patients studied. However, the mutation p.R301Q was present as homozygous in one individual. This alteration is a missense mutation, and may explain the deafness in this patient. Among the forty eight subjects studied, we detected eight mitochondrial alterations in eighteen cases. Four of them may be involved with hearing loss, thus justifying deafness. As the analysis of the miR-183 cluster, no pathogenic mutation was found in any of the five hundred twenty-one individuals analyzed, which agrees with literature data where mutations in microRNAs, miR-96-183-182 are not a common cause of deafness. We conclude that the detection of mutations in other genes reduces the number of cases with inconclusive diagnostic. However, due to high clinical and genetic heterogeneity of hearing loss with many still remains undefined diagnosis / Doutorado / Genetica Animal e Evolução / Doutora em Genética e Biologia Molecular
42

Intercellular calcium-mediated cell signaling in keratinocytes cultured from patients with NF1 or psoriasis

Korkiamäki, T. (Timo) 27 September 2002 (has links)
Abstract Neurofibromatosis type 1 syndrome (NF1) is caused by mutations of the NF1 gene. The NF1 protein (neurofibromin) contains a domain which is related to the GTPase-activating protein (GAP) and accelerates the switch of active Ras-GTP to inactive Ras-GDP. The NF1 protein has been referred to as a tumor suppressor, since the cells of malignant schwannomas of NF1 patients may display a loss of heterozygosity of the NF1 gene. Psoriasis is characterized by hyperproliferation of the epidermis and by down-regulated levels of NF1 mRNA and protein. Ca2+ is an universal signal transduction element modulating cell growth and differentiation. Many cell types coordinate their activities by transmitting waves of elevated intracellular calcium levels from cell to cell. The propagation of calcium waves had not been studied previously in human keratinocytes. Thus, the aim of the present study was to find out which pathways may play a role in Ca2+ signaling at different extracellular calcium concentrations in NF1 and and psoriatic keratinocytes versus normal control keratinocytes. The results demonstrated that NF1 and psoriatic keratinocytes have a tendency to form cultures characterized by altered Ca2+-mediated cell signaling compared to normal keratinocytes. Specifically, the main route of calcium-mediated signaling was gap-junctional in normal keratinocytes. In contrast, ATP-mediated calcium signaling predominated and capacitative calcium influx was defective in NF1 and psoriatic keratinocytes. The results of the present study suggest that mutations of the NF1 tumor suppressor gene or lowered levels of NF1 protein/mRNA may eventually lead to altered intercellular communication.
43

Influence des ratios de co-expression précis Cx43 : Cx45 sur la formation des canaux de jonction et leurs propriétés électriques / Influence of Cx43 : Cx45 accurate co-expressed ratios on gap junction channels formation and their electricals properties

Dupuis, Sebastien 16 December 2016 (has links)
Les canaux de jonctions (CJ) composés des connexines (Cxs) assurent la communication intercellulaire directe qui par leur propriétés électriques régulent la propagation du potentiel d’action (PA) cardiaque. Dans les myocytes ventriculaires Cx43 et Cx45 exprimées à des niveaux et ratios physiopathologiques variables assurent cette fonction. Cette étude détermine la contribution de Cx43 et Cx45 dans la formation des CJ et leurs propriétés électriques. La lignée cellulaire épithéliale de foie de rat exprimant la Cx43 endogène et transfectée de manière stable pour exprimer des ratios Cx43:Cx45 précis a été utilisée. Les propriétés électriques des CJ ont été obtenues par double voltage clamp sur paires de cellules. L’expression de la Cx45 diminue le couplage électrique et augmente la dépendance au potentiel de jonction indépendamment du ratio. Les cinétiques de désactivation sont ralenties avec l’augmentation du niveau d’expression de Cx45 et les cinétiques de restitution sont modifiées en fonction du ratio. Les conductances unitaires suggèrent la formation de CJ composés de Cx43 et Cx45. La diminution du niveau d’expression de Cx43 par ARNi anti-Cx43 entraine une diminution du couplage électrique tandis que les autres propriétés électriques restent inchangées. Ces résultats montrent une contribution spécifique de Cx43 et Cx45 dans la régulation de la formation et des propriétés électriques des CJ caractérisées. Ces propriétés seront corrélées à la participation des CJ dans la régulation de la propagation du PA en fonction des profils d’expression des Cxs en conditions physiologiques et pathologiques. / Gap junction channels (GJCs), composed of connexins (Cxs) allow a direct intercellular communication that ensures the cardiac action potential (AP) propagation. Cx43 and Cx45 co-expressed in ventricular myocytes with changing expression levels and ratios in the healthy and the diseased heart ensure this function. The purpose of this study is to determine the contribution of Cx43 and Cx45 on the formation of GJCs and their electrical properties. Rat Liver Epithelial cells that endogenously express Cx43 and stably transfected to co-express accurate Cx43:Cx45 ratios have been used. The electrical properties of GJCs at each ratios were obtained by performing dual voltage clamp recordings on cell pairs. Expression of Cx45 decreases the electrical coupling and increases the voltage dependence independently of the ratio. The kinetics of deactivation are slowed with the increases of Cx45 level of expression and the kinetics of recovery are modified in a Cx43:Cx45 ratio dependent manner. Unitary conductances suggest a formation of GJCs composed by Cx43 and Cx45. The decreases of Cx43 level of by a SiRNA treatment induces a decrease of the electrical coupling, while other electrical properties are not affected. Our data show a specific contribution of Cx43 and Cx45 in regulation of the GJCs characterized by specific electrical properties. Such properties will be correlated to the function of GJCs in regulating the AP propagation in the specific patterns of expression of Cxs in the healthy and diseased heart.
44

Criação e caracterização de um modelo transgênico inédito de camundongos com expressão condicional do gene da conexina 43. / Establishment and characterization of a novel transgenic mouse model with conditional expression of connexin 43 gene.

Lucas Martins Chaible 09 December 2013 (has links)
As conexinas (Cx) compõem as junções comunicantes do tipo gap, entre elas a Cx43 é a mais prevalente. A diminuição de sua expressão está relacionada com diversas alterações fisiológicas. Sua importância in vivo foi relatada em camundongos com deleção de um dos alelos de Cx43 (Cx43+/-), pois os animais Cx43-/- não são viáveis. Devido esta inviabilidade técnica, os estudos com essa proteína foram realizados com animais Cx43+/-. Assim, este trabalho propõe a criação de um modelo transgênico para o estudo da Cx43. Para isso, o gene Cx43 foi reintroduzido ao genoma murino, porém regulado pelo sistema induzido por doxiciclina TetOn. Vetores de expressão gênica foram construídos e validados quanto sua funcionalidade in vitro e posterior transferencia para zigotos murinos por meio de microinjeção pronuclear. Obtivemos sucesso na construção do sistema de expressão. A funcionalidade dos vetores foi confirmada in vitro utilizando células HeLa e E10. Nos experimentos in vivo, apesar das taxas adequadas de nascimento nenhum deles apresentou genótipo positivo para o transgene. / The connexins (Cx) comprise gap junctions type, and the Cx43 is the most prevalent. The decrease of its expression is related to various physiological changes. Its importance in vivo has been reported in mice with deletion of one allele of Cx43 (Cx43+/-), because the animals Cx43-/- are not viable. So all studies with this protein were performed with animals Cx43+/-. Thus, this paper proposes the creation of new a transgenic model for the study of Cx43 protein. For this, the Cx43 gene was reintegrated to the murine genome, but drived by doxycycline Teton inducible system. Gene expression vectors were constructed and validated in vitro and subsequent transfer to mouse zygotes by pronuclear microinjection. We got success in vector construction and functionality. The functionality of the vectors was confirmed in vitro using HeLa cells and E10. In experiments in vivo, despite adequate rates of birth, no one animal showed positive genotype for the transgene.
45

Role of connexins in infantile hemangiomas

Blanke, Katja, Dähnert, Ingo, Salameh, Aida 29 July 2022 (has links)
The circulatory system is one of the first systems that develops during embryogenesis. Angiogenesis describes the formation of blood vessels as a part of the circulatory system and is essential for organ growth in embryogenesis as well as repair in adulthood. A dysregulation of vessel growth contributes to the pathogenesis of many disorders. Thus, an imbalance between pro- and antiangiogenic factors could be observed in infantile hemangioma (IH). IH is the most common benign tumor during infancy, which appears during the first month of life. These vascular tumors are characterized by rapid proliferation and subsequently slower involution. Most IHs regress spontaneously, but in some cases they cause disfigurement and systemic complications, which requires immediate treatment. Recently, a therapeutic effect of propranolol on IH has been demonstrated. Hence, this non-selective β-blocker became the first-line therapy for IH. Over the last years, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of IH has been improved and possible mechanisms of action of propranolol in IH have postulated. Previous studies revealed that gap junction proteins, the connexins (Cx), might also play a role in the pathogenesis of IH. Therefore, affecting gap junctional intercellular communication is suggested as a novel therapeutic target of propranolol in IH. In this review we summarize the current knowledge of the molecular processes, leading to IH and provide new insights of how Cxs might be involved in the development of these vascular tumors
46

Inverse relationship between tumor proliferation markers and connexin expression in a malignant cardiac tumor originating from mesenchymal stem cell engineered tissue in a rat in vivo model

Spath, Cathleen, Schlegel, Franziska, Leontyev, Sergey, Mohr, Friedrich-Wilhelm, Dhein, Stefan 29 July 2022 (has links)
Recently, we demonstrated the beneficial effects of engineered heart tissues for the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy in rats. For further development of this technique we started to produce engineered tissue (ET) from mesenchymal stem cells. Interestingly, we observed a malignant tumor invading the heart with an inverse relationship between proliferation markers and connexin expression.
47

Expressão de proteínas de comunicação e junções celulares no rúmen de fetos bovinos, bezerros recém-nascidos e bovinos adultos / Expression of communication proteins and cellular junctions in the rumen of bovine fetuses, newborn calves and adult bovines.

Ferrão, Juliana Shimara Pires 27 July 2018 (has links)
O estômago de ruminantes é um órgão complexo subdividido em quatro compartimentos: o rúmen, o retículo, o omaso e o abomaso, sendo os três primeiros os pré-estômagos ou pró-ventrículos. Cada um possui sua própria característica, responsável por mecanismos de ruminação essenciais. Junções gap são as únicas especializações na membrana celular que permitem a comunicação direta entre células adjacentes, enquanto que as junções de adesão são especializações que mantém a integridade tecidual. Sabe-se que elas contribuem para a homeostase tissular e são compostas por proteínas transmembrânicas chamadas conexinas (junções gap) e caderinas (junções de adesão). Além disso, essas junções estão também envolvidas no controle da proliferação celular, no controle de crescimento e diferenciação, apoptose, e a sincronização de funções eletrotônicas e metabólicas. Assim, o rúmen de bovinos pode ser um modelo para compreender a contribuição das conexinas e caderinas durante a diferenciação do epitélio ruminal a um estado funcional, que o transforma de epitélio de revestimento para um epitélio absortivo com funções de metabolização de substâncias, em especial o ácido lático e ácidos graxos. Dessa maneira, nossa hipótese é que as diferentes conexinas mudem sua dinâmica de expressão quanto ao tipo e localização, com repercussões na morfologia epitelial. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram a avaliação da expressão e localização das Conexinas 26, 32, 40 e 43 e da E-caderina no rúmen de fetos bovinos, bezerros recém-nascidos e bovinos adultos, além da avaliação morfológica do epitélio ruminal de através da microscopia óptica e eletrônica. Também possui como objetivo a avaliação da expressão gênica dessas proteínas no rúmen desses animais. Para isso, foi realizada a coleta de amostras do saco dorsal e do saco ventral do rúmen de fetos bovinos, bezerros recém-nascidos e bovinos adultos. Nos materiais coletados foram realizadas as técnicas de coloração com Hematoxilina-Eosina e morfometria, imunofluorescência, microscopia eletrônica de transmissão, extração de RNA total e sequenciamento genético. Na coleta do material as posições anatômicas observadas foram exatas às já descritas na literatura. O tecido ruminal apresentou diferenças morfométricas em relação às mensurações realizadas no tecido epitelial e na camada basal, nas idades estudadas. Além disso, foram observadas modificações teciduais ao longo do desenvolvimento ruminal na microscopia eletrônica de transmissão e na expressão das conexinas no tecido ruminal na imunofluorescência. A respeito da expressão das conexinas estudadas, ela difere em relação à idade dos animais e à localização no tecido ruminal, tornando evidente a necessidade de cada uma das conexinas em relação à idade, desenvolvimento e manutenção do tecido ruminal. A expressão tecidual da E-caderina apresentou-se semelhante nas idades estudadas. Em relação à expressão gênica e sequenciamento genético dessas proteínas, suas mudanças acompanharam as diferenças observadas na expressão tecidual através da imunofluorescência. Desse modo, pode-se concluir que ocorrem mudanças tanto na expressão tecidual quanto na expressão gênica dessas proteínas durante o desenvolvimento ruminal e sua manutenção enquanto adulto. / The stomach of ruminants is a complex organ subdivided into four compartments: the rumen, the reticulum, the omasum and the abomasum, the first three being the prestomachs or pro-ventricles. Each one has its own characteristic, responsible for essential rumination mechanisms. Gap junctions are the only cell membrane specializations that allow direct communication between adjacent cells, whereas adhesion junctions are specializations that maintain tissue integrity. It is known that they contribute to tissue homeostasis and are composed of transmembrane proteins called connexins (gap junctions) and cadherins (adhesion junctions). In addition, these junctions are also involved in the control of cell proliferation, growth and differentiation, apoptosis, and the synchronization of electrotonomic and metabolic functions. Thus, the bovine rumen may be a model for understanding the contribution of connexins and cadherins during the differentiation of the ruminal epithelium into a functional state, which transforms it from coating epithelium to an absorptive epithelium with metabolizing functions of substances, especially the lactic acid and fatty acids. Therefore, our hypothesis is that the different connexins change their expression dynamics regarding type and location, with repercussions on epithelial morphology. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the expression and location of Connexins 26, 32, 40 and 43 and E-cadherin in the rumen of bovine fetuses, newborn calves and adult bovines, as well as the morphological evaluation of ruminal epithelium through optical and electronic microscopy. It also aims to evaluate the gene expression of these proteins in the rumen of these animals. For that, samples were collected from the dorsal and the ventral sac from the rumen of bovine fetuses, newborn calves and adult bovines. Hematoxylin-Eosin staining techniques and morphometry, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, total RNA extraction and genetic sequencing were performed in the collected materials. During the collection of the material it was observed that anatomical positions were exact to those already described in the literature. The ruminal tissue presented morphometric differences in relation to the measurements made in the epithelial tissue and the basal layer, in the studied ages. In addition, tissue changes were observed along ruminal development in transmission electron microscopy and in the expression of connexins in ruminal tissue in immunofluorescence. Regarding the expression of the connexins studied, it differs in relation to the age of the animals and the location in the ruminal tissue, making evident the necessity of each of the connexins in relation to the age, development and maintenance of ruminal tissue. The tissue expression of E-cadherin was similar in the studied ages. In relation to the gene expression and genetic sequencing of these proteins, their changes accompanied the observed differences in tissue expression through immunofluorescence. Thus, it can be concluded that changes occur in both the tissue expression and the gene expression of these proteins during ruminal development and its maintenance as an adult.
48

Avaliação do efeito do éster fenetil do ácido cafeico (CAPE) em modelos experimentais da Doença de Parkinson / Evaluation of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester effects on experimental of Parkinson\'s diseases models

Silva, Roberto de Barros 21 August 2014 (has links)
A doença de Parkinson (DP) caracteriza-se pela perda progressiva de neurônios dopaminérgicos da substância nigra, o que acarreta diversas disfunções motoras. Não há ainda tratamentos capazes de deter ou retardar a degeneração dos neurônios dopaminérgicos, e os medicamentos hoje empregados na clínica apenas amenizam os sintomas, sem alterar a progressão da DP. No presente estudo foi avaliada a atividade neuroprotetora do éster fenetil do ácido cafeico (CAPE), um componente abundante do própolis de abelhas, com atividade anti-inflamatória, antiviral, antioxidante e imunomodulatória. Estudos têm sugerido seus efeitos benéficos contra as doenças neurodegenerativas, incluindo a doença de Parkinson, e alguns mecanismos têm sido propostos; porém muitos dos estudos com CAPE foram feitos apenas em culturas celulares. Este é o primeiro estudo a demonstrar que a administração intraperitoneal do CAPE protege contra a perda neuronal dopaminérgica e a disfunção motora induzidas pela neurotoxina 6-OHDA em ratos, confirmando a capacidade do CAPE de atravessar a barreira hematoencefálica e exercer seus efeitos benéficos no sitema nervoso central (SNC). Adicionalmente foram empregados dois modelos in vitro para o delineamento de possíveis mecanismos de neuroproteção: (i) mitocôndrias isoladas de cérebro de ratos não tratados e (ii) células SH-SY5Y tratadas com 6-OHDA. Os achados in vivo e in vitro sugerem o envolvimento dos seguintes mecanismos: (i) atividade antioxidante (sequestro de ERO, neutralização de radicais livres e quelação de metais); (ii) atividade anti-inflamatória (inibição da ativação do NF-kB, TNF-?, IkK? e Ikk?); (iii) aumento da expressão da conexina 43; (iv) inibição da Transição de Permeabilidade Mitocondrial (TPM); (v) inibição da liberação de citocromo c e (vi) inibição da ativação da caspase-3, executora final da apoptose. Além disso, o estudo também demonstrou que, por si só, o CAPE não interfere nas funções mitocondriais, o que representa uma vantagem com relação a outros inibidores da TPM. Assim, de acordo com nossos achados, o CAPE é um agente neuroprotetor promissor e pode auxiliar em futuras estratégias terapêuticas para as doenças neurodegenerativas, bem como para o melhor entendimento dos mecanismos responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento dessas doenças. / Parkinson\'s disease (PD) is characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, which causes various motor dysfunctions. There are no treatments able to delay or stop the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and the therapy employed nowadays only alleviate the symptoms without altering the progression of PD. In the present study we evaluated the neuroprotective activity of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a compound abundant in honeybees\' propolis, with anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities. Its beneficial effects against neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson\'s disease, have been suggested and some mechanisms have been proposed; however, many of the studies with CAPE have been performed only in cell cultures. This is the first study to demonstrate that the intraperitoneal administration of CAPE protects against the dopaminergic neuronal loss and the motor dysfunction induced by the neurotoxin 6-OHDA in rats, confirming the ability of CAPE to cross the blood brain barrier and exert its beneficial effects on the central nervous system (CNS). Additionally two in vitro models were used to delineate the possible mechanisms of neuroprotection: (i) mitochondria isolated from the brain of non-treated rats and (ii) cells SH-SY5Y treated with 6-OHDA. The in vivo and in vitro findings suggest the involvement of the following mechanisms: (i) antioxidant activity (scavenger of ROS, free radicals neutralization and metal chelation); (ii) anti-inflammatory activity (inhibition of activation of NF-kB, TNF-?, IkK? and Ikk?); (iii) increased expression of connexin-43; (iv) Inhibition of Mitochondrial Permeability Transition (MPT); (v) inhibition of cytochrome c release (vi) inhibition of the activation of caspase-3, the final executioner of apoptosis. Furthermore, the study also showed that CAPE alone does not interfere with mitochondrial functions, which represents an advantage in relation to other inhibitors of MPT. Therefore, according to our findings, CAPE is a promising neuroprotective agent and may be useful for future therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases, as well as to better understand the mechanisms responsible for the development of these diseases.
49

Caracterização de conexinas neuronais no desenvolvimento pós-natal do hipocampo de ratos. / Characterization of neuronal connexins in the post-natal development of rat hippocampus.

Higa, Guilherme Shigueto Vilar 16 November 2017 (has links)
Durante o desenvolvimento pós-natal do hipocampo, as junções comunicantes (JC) formadas por conexinas (Cxs) neuronais participam na maturação da circuitaria hipocampal promovendo a regulação da atividade espontânea sincronizada neuronal. Neste estudo investigamos as duas Cxs neuronais mais abundantes no hipocampo, a Cx36 e Cx45, durante o desenvolvimento pós-natal. Identificamos mudanças nos níveis de transcritos e proteicos da Cx36 e Cx45 ao longo deste período. Nossos resultados revelaram que ambas as Cxs neuronais estão presentes nas sub-regiões do hipocampo e que sua distribuição é modulada em função da progressão do desenvolvimento. Atráves da avaliação dos níveis de atividade neuronal identificamos diferenças exercidas pelo bloqueio das JCs em hipocampo de neonatos e na segunda semana de vida. Nossos resultados mostram que as Cxs neuronais são reguladas durante o desenvolvimento pós-natal do hipocampo, assim como sua ação sobre sua excitabilidade, mostrando que as Cxs podem contribuir de forma distinta em periodo específicos do desenvolvimento hipocampal. / Gap junctions (GJ) composed of neuronal connexins (Cx) play a significant role in the activity-dependent circuitry maturation promoting modulation of coherent spontaneous neuronal activity. Herein, we evaluate two major hippocampal neuronal Cxs, Cx36 and Cx45 during postnatal development. We identified changes in Cx36 and Cx45 transcript and protein levels during these developmental periods. Interestingly, immunofluorescence analyses showed that Cx36 and Cx45 are located in all hippocampal subregions. Also, neuronal Cx distribution in these sub-regions is modulated throughout postnatal development. Using electrophysiological recording, we identified changes imposed by GJ blocker over the hippocampal activity in neonates and two-week-old rats. Our finds demonstrate a regulation of neuronal Cxs and distinct GJ role in activity modulation during postnatal hippocampal development, which might be essential to physiological processes that govern proper hippocampal development.
50

Conexinas na epilepsia experimental induzida por pilocarpina: abordagem molecular e eletrofisiológica. / Connexins in the experimental epilepsy induced by pilocarpine: molecular and eletrophysiological approach.

Kinjo, Erika Reime 02 December 2011 (has links)
Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a expressão hipocampal de proteínas e de RNAm das Cx43 e Cx36 no modelo de epilepsia do lobo temporal (ELT) induzido por pilocarpina. Além disso, os efeitos do bloqueador de canais de junções comunicantes (CJC), carbenoxolona (CBX), foram avaliados por eletrofisiologia durante o período de status epilepticus. Os dados referentes à Cx43 demonstraram redução dos níveis proteicos no período latente (p<0,05) e aumento no período crônico do modelo (p<0,01). Os níveis de RNAm de Cx43 não sofreram alterações. Tanto os níveis proteicos quanto os de RNAm de Cx36 não se alteraram. Os dados eletrofisiológicos mostraram redução da potência na banda de frequência entre 15 e 30 Hz no eletrocortigrama, além de redução da amplitude relativa dos potenciais epileptiformes. Foi observado ainda que o grupo tratado com CBX passou a apresentar períodos flat antecipadamente. Os dados deste estudo sugerem um importante papel dos CJC na ELT induzida por pilocarpina, contribuindo para o conhecimento da regulação destes canais na epilepsia. / In this study, the hippocampal protein and mRNA levels of Cx43 and Cx36 were investigated in the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). In addition, the effects of a gap junction (GJ) blocker (carbenoxolone-CBX) on pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) were also evaluated by electrophysiological recordings. Our results on Cx43 showed reduction of protein levels in the latent period (p<0.05) and increase in the chronic period of the model (p<0.01), whereas no changes were observed in the mRNA levels. Both protein and mRNA levels of Cx36 showed no changes. The electrophysiological recordings indicated that CBX promoted a marked reduction of power in the 15-30 Hz electrocorticographic frequency. Decrease in the amplitude of the epileptiform potentials was also seen, in addition to anticipation of occurrence of flat periods in the group treated with CBX. Data obtained from this study suggest an important role for GJ channels in the pilocarpine-induced TLE, contributing to a greater understanding of the regulation of these channels in the epilepsy.

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