Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-09-23T18:57:40Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao - Priscila Cabral Silveira Gurgel - 2016.pdf: 2031167 bytes, checksum: 22df3ff29210a62b369501594be33bb5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-26T11:43:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao - Priscila Cabral Silveira Gurgel - 2016.pdf: 2031167 bytes, checksum: 22df3ff29210a62b369501594be33bb5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-26T11:43:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao - Priscila Cabral Silveira Gurgel - 2016.pdf: 2031167 bytes, checksum: 22df3ff29210a62b369501594be33bb5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The similarity of life-history traits among closely related species is a well-known pattern in evolutionary biology. Thus, closely related species tend to be more akin to each other than to distantly related ones. The propensity of closely related species to conserve climatic niche features over macroevolutionary time can be defined as climatic niche conservatism. Recent studies have shown the importance of environmental variables with regards to the diversity and distribution of anurans with differences in their reproductive traits under an evolutionary perspective. In this work, using frog species in the Hylidae family, we tested the hypothesis that species more independent from main bodies of water for reproduction are restricted to areas with higher temperature and precipitation means. We also investigated the evolution of climatic niche features of species with different degrees of dependence on water for reproduction. Our results corroborate the first hypothesis and show that terrestrial egg-laying species, in the Hylinae subfamily, have more conserved climatic niche position when compared to Hylinae species that deposits their eggs and tadpoles in main water bodies. Thus, we suggest that reproductive modes are associated with variation in the evolution of climatic niches of frogs. / A similaridade entre atributos de espécies aparentadas é um padrão tradicional reconhecido em biologia evolutiva. Espécies aparentadas tendem ser mais similares entre si do que com espécies não aparentadas. A tendência de espécies aparentadas conservar as características de seu nicho ao longo do tempo macroevolutivo pode ser definido como conservação filogenética de nicho. Estudos recentes tem mostrado a importância das variáveis climáticas na distribuição de anfíbios anuros com diferentes modos reprodutivos utilizando uma abordagem evolutiva. Neste trabalho, usando as espécies de pererecas da família Hylidae, testamos a hipótese de que espécies menos dependentes dos corpos d'água para reprodução ocorrem em áreas mais quentes e mais úmidas. Além disso, investigamos como foi a evolução dos atributos do nicho climático (posição e amplitude) de espécies, da subfamília Hylinae, com diferentes níveis de dependência dos corpos d'água para reprodução. Nossos resultados corroboram a primeira hipótese e mostram que, espécies da subfamília Hylinae que depositam seus ovos fora da água estão restritas a lugares mais quentes e mais úmidos. Além disso, tais espécies tem o nicho climático mais conservado do que espécies que depositam tanto ovos como girinos em corpos d'água principais. Portanto, sugerimos que os diferentes modos reprodutivos refletem em diferenças na evolução do nicho climático nas espécies da subfamília Hylinae.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-05-02T14:03:32Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Franciele Parreira Peixoto - 2017.pdf: 8334533 bytes, checksum: 7734e779e227ff5ab84bc8cfc9f9212b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-05-02T14:03:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Franciele Parreira Peixoto - 2017.pdf: 8334533 bytes, checksum: 7734e779e227ff5ab84bc8cfc9f9212b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-02T14:03:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Franciele Parreira Peixoto - 2017.pdf: 8334533 bytes, checksum: 7734e779e227ff5ab84bc8cfc9f9212b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-31 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / The concept of ecological niche describes the set of biotic and abiotic conditions for which the species can maintain populations and define the species geographical range. The ecological niche is multidimensional, which means that is a function of several species characteristics. These characteristics can change fastly or can vary very slowly, remaining conserved throughout the evolutionary time, which characterizes the niche conservatism (i.e., the tendency of the species retaining the ancestral niche along the evolutionary time). Retaining the ancestral niche implies a smaller group capacity. Retaining the ancestral niche implies that the group is less able to adapt outside the distribution boundaries defined by the ecological niche. Therefore, the way that characteristics linked to the niche evolved along the time is determinant to generate differential patterns of diversity among taxa. In fact, niche conservatism has been raised as a relevant factor to explain the latitudinal gradient of diversity, as well as the biota formation of different habitats. Conservation of ecological tolerances implies an inheritance of a limited ability to colonize and establish in different habitats. On the other hand, some groups can be ecologically more flexible and colonize new habitats through the niche evolution, probably related to specific functional adaptations that allow the establishment of species. The objective of this work was to evaluate the diversity patterns of terrestrial mammals to infer about the main ecological, evolutionary and historical-biogeographical processes. / O conceito de nicho ecológico descreve o conjunto de condições bióticas e abióticas nas quais as espécies podem manter populações e define a área de distribuição das espécies. O nicho ecológico é multidimensional e, desse modo, é função de várias características das espécies. Essas características podem mudar rapidamente ou podem variar de forma muito lenta, permanecendo conservadas ao longo do tempo evolutivo, o que caracteriza a conservação de nicho (i.e., a tendência de as espécies manterem o nicho ancestral ao longo do tempo evolutivo). Reter o nicho ancestral implica em menor capacidade do grupo em se adaptar fora dos limites de distribuição definidos pelo nicho ecológico. Portanto, o modo como as características ligadas ao nicho evoluíram ao longo do tempo é determinante para gerar padrões diferenciais de diversidade entre táxons. De fato, a conservação de nicho tem sido levantada como fator relevante para explicar o gradiente latitudinal de diversidade, bem como a formação da biota de diferentes habitats. A conservação de tolerâncias ecológicas em algumas linhagens implica na herança de uma capacidade limitada de colonizar e se estabelecer em diferentes habitats. Por outro lado, alguns grupos podem ser ecologicamente mais flexíveis e colonizar novos habitats através da evolução de nicho, provavelmente relacionada a adaptações funcionais específicas que possibilitam o estabelecimento das espécies. Este trabalho teve como objetivo geral avaliar padrões de diversidade de mamíferos terrestres para inferir acerca dos principais processos ecológicos, evolutivos e histórico-biogeográficos atuantes. No primeiro capítulo, testei a hipótese de conservação de nicho climático (Grinnelliano) de Chiroptera. Encontrei fortes evidências de que a estase evolutiva pode ter sido importante para algumas famílias do grupo, o que chama a atenção para a importância da não-estacionariedade na evolução de nicho ambiental. No segundo capítulo, investiguei o gradiente global de dissimilaridade filogenética de mamíferos terrestres. Identifiquei regiões onde a perda de linhagens (diferença de diversidade filogenética) é o que determina o gradiente de dissimilaridade (transições com desertos e limites entre regiões biogeográficas), bem como regiões onde a troca de linhagens foi mais importante para gerar padrões de diversidade beta filogenética (elevadas altitudes). Esses padrões foram diferentes entre três ordens de mamíferos analisadas, demonstrando a importância da capacidade de dispersão e da capacidade de estabelecimento, possivelmente condicionada à evolução nicho. No terceiro capítulo, investiguei padrões locais de diversidade filogenética e funcional de mamíferos africanos. Concluí que a história de colonização e diversificação diferencial entre grupos de mamíferos parece estar relacionada com a flexibilidade ecológica e a habilidade de lidar com mudanças climáticas. De forma geral, os resultados dos três capítulos convergiram para a importância da história evolutiva de diferentes grupos taxonômicos (desde ordem até gênero e espécie) para compreender os padrões de diversidade atuais.

Orientador: Élide Rugai Bastos / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T03:16:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_FernandaXavierda_D.pdf: 1860966 bytes, checksum: b800e5ab4efe415702e7d1e17c3a7a18 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo central analisar comparativamente as obras de Oliveira Vianna e Hélio Jaguaribe. Com base no conceito de que, mantidos os mesmos aspectos/problemas ao longo do tempo, as ideias admitem certa margem de tolerância e atualização (Brandão, 2007), procuramos demonstrar que, não obstante as diferenças de seus textos e contextos subsistem importantes afinidades entre esses autores, o que nos permite enquadrá-los como membros de uma mesma família intelectual. Como objetivo secundário, buscamos estabelecer um diálogo dessas obras com suas principais leituras, de modo a apreender o sentido dessas ideias. A partir do exame dos temas, caminhos de análise e programas políticos a que cada um desses autores aludia, em conjunto ao contexto histórico no qual falavam, observamos que ambas as obras comportam permanências e transformações, algumas mesmo contraditórias, o que possibilita diversas leituras. Transportando tal descoberta para o plano da comparação procuramos, naquilo que era constante, observar as aproximações e afastamentos desses dois raciocínios. Constatamos que, a despeito de seus diferentes desígnios (organização x desenvolvimento) e enfoques (político-social x econômico), Oliveira Vianna e Hélio Jaguaribe partilharam não apenas temas, mas linhas de raciocínio e, em certo sentido, projetos. Pautados na interpretação do Brasil em suas características, falhas e faltas, ambos apontaram para a impossibilidade de a sociedade, a partir de um movimento endógeno, vir a transformar sua realidade, e erigiram o Estado como ator e agente da mudança. Revelaram-se, assim, idealistas orgânicos, como na acepção de Brandão (2007) - os males vigentes estão presentes na sociedade, e podem ser superados apenas por meio da ação do Estado / Abstract: This study is mainly aimed to comparatively analyze the works of Oliveira Vianna and Hélio Jaguaribe. Based on the concept that maintained the same aspects / problems over time, the ideas admit some tolerance and upgrading (Brandão, 2007), we demonstrate that, despite the differences in their texts and contexts, there are important affinities between these authors, which allows us to frame them as members of the same intellectual family. As a secondary objective, we establish a dialogue between these works and their main interpretations in order to apprehend the meaning of these ideas. Through the examination of issues, paths of analysis and political agendas that each of these authors alluded, in conjunction with the historical context in which they spoke, we observe that both works involve continuities and transformations, some even contradictory, which allows several lectures. Taking to the comparative plan we observe, in what was constant, approximations and deviations of these two reasoning. We find that, despite their different agendas (organization versus development) and approaches (social-political versus economic), Oliveira Vianna and Hélio Jaguaribe shared not only issues but also lines of thinking and, in some sense, projects. Guided by the interpretation of Brazil in its features, shortcomings and failures, both pointed to the impossibility of society, in an endogenous movement, to transform its reality, and erected the state as an actor and agent of change. They proved to be "organic idealists", as the concept of Brandão (2007) - the problems are in society, and can be overcome only through the state action / Doutorado / Sociologia / Doutora em Sociologia

Submitted by Maria Dulce (mdulce@ndc.uff.br) on 2013-12-09T17:31:50Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Sousa, Rodrigo-Tese-Historia-2013.pdf: 2384504 bytes, checksum: 18bd48b5bffb599ba0b0019fd6ad9ff6 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-12-09T17:31:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Sousa, Rodrigo-Tese-Historia-2013.pdf: 2384504 bytes, checksum: 18bd48b5bffb599ba0b0019fd6ad9ff6 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / O conservadorismo é hoje a mais importante família ideológica no cenário político norte-americano. Seu significado, no entanto, comporta muitas ambigüidades e suas manifestações ao longo da história americana têm sido as mais variadas. Sua expressão mais recente, uma coalizão de movimentos de oposição ao moderno liberalismo americano, toma forma logo depois da Segunda Guerra Mundial e deve muito de seus temas e posicionamentos ao trabalho de um dos seus “pais fundadores”, o jornalista William F. Bukley Jr., e sua revista National Review, criada em 1955. A fim de entender esse conservadorismo do pós-guerra, procede-se a uma breve discussão teórica sobre o conservadorismo como um conceito e, em seguida, a um panorama de algumas de suas principais manifestações na história do pensamento político americano. Depois usa-se uma seleção de escritos de Bukley e de seus colegas na National Review para uma caracterização da crítica geral que formularam ao “Establishement” liberal dos anos 1950 e 60, a partir do tratamento dado a vários episódios da época. Finalmente, como um caso especial, analisa-se a abordagem de National Review a respeito do movimento dos direitos civis, com ênfase na luta pela dessegregação escolar nos anos 50 e as campanhas de Martin Luther King na década seguinte. / Conservatism is the most important ideological family in the American political scene today. Its meaning, however, raises many ambiguities and its manifestations throughout American history have been very diverse. Its more recent incarnation, a coalition of movements opposed to modern American liberalism, appears right after World War II and many of its subjects and positions come from the works of one of its “founding fathers”, the journalist William F. Bukley Jr., and his magazine, National Review, created in 1955. In order to understand this postwar conservatism, there is a brief theoretical discussion of conservatism as a concept, followed and overview of its main manifestations in American political thought. Then a selection of Bukley’s and his National Review colleague’s articles are analyzed to illustrate the main traits of their criticism of the liberal “Establishement” of 1950’s and 60’s. Finally, as special case, we investigate National Review’s position on the civil rights movement, emphasizing school desegregation in the 1950’s and Martin Luther King’s campaigns of the next decade.

本研究以美國證券市場為樣本，探討銀行業之法規開放是否對非金融業公司之會計穩健性造成影響。銀行法規開放可使銀行透過併購於州內擴張，借款公司可能面對之銀行議價能力上升，使得銀行要求融資顧客出具高品質之財務報表。另一方面，州際銀行法規開放可能使他州銀行進入本地金融市場，進而提高金融市場之競爭度。由於會計穩健性可降低管理階層與投資人的資訊不對稱，被視為高品質的財務報表，本文推測銀行業法規鬆綁會影響公司會計穩健性。實證結果顯示，州內銀行法規開放與會計穩健性間具有顯著正向關係；然而，州際銀行法規開放與會計穩健性間具有顯著負向關係。額外分析顯示，大型企業更傾向於對銀行法規開放作出反應，而較依賴發行公司債融資方式之公司在面對銀行法規開放時則減少財務報導中認列損失之即時性。 / This study uses US banking deregulation as a research setting to examine whether banking deregulation has an impact on the degree of accounting conservatism of non-financial firms. Since banking deregulation would enable large banks expand within states through merge and acquisition, bank’s bargaining power to lenders may increase. Banks may require their clients to provide higher quality of financial statements. On the other hand, banking deregulation may increase competition in local financial markets by enabling large banks to enter into local markets. As accounting conservatism could alleviate information asymmetry between management and investors, and serves as an indicator of high quality of financial statements, I expect that banking deregulations would have an impact on firms’ reporting conservatism. I find that there is a significantly positive relationship between intrastate banking deregulation and firms’ timely loss recognition. In contrast, interstate banking deregulation has a significantly negative influence on firms’ timely loss recognition. Additional analyses reveal that large firms are more likely to respond to the banking deregulation and that firms that rely more on public debt financing respond to the banking deregulation by decreasing their degree of timely loss recognition in financial reporting.

The purpose of this study is to examine the critically raised concern on whether the Liberal party of Sweden, in policies regarding the compulsory school, really represents a liberal policy or if it actually functions more as an ambassador for conservative ideals. An ideology analysis is employed for the purpose of answering the research question, which asks if the party’s changed viewpoint on the compulsory school between the years of 1990 and 2010 could be understood in terms of an ideological alternation. The analysis is carried out by an examination where the party’s policies are linked to common definitions of the two political ideologies, with the assistance of an analytical tool consistent of a series of educational philosophies. The philosophies are to be seen as a dictionary to “decipher” what the party really says in their agitated views on the compulsory school, and therefore used as a bridging entity for uniting opinions and policies specifically regarding school and education, to the wider scope of the political ideologies.The result of the study shows that, not only has an ideological alternation not taken place, but the analysis also came up with the findings that neither has a changed viewpoint on the compulsory school been deployed. Right from the first measure in time (year 1990) the party’s policies has, to the greater part, been characterized by conservatism. A result that prevails throughout the whole time span of the study.

The aim of this work is to answer questions of effectiveness in controlling inflation, changes in unemployment rate, reduce government spendings, deregulation and decentralization in both countries, confirm or refute theoretical assumptions of Laffer´s curve on the example of consequence of tax cuts in United States of America, privatization and the implications of the fight with the unions in Great Britain and the overall effect of the implementation of neoliberal concepts in both countries. This work compares the implementation and impact of neoliberal concepts of economic policy in the UK and in the United States and it provides insight into the effectiveness of the chosen means.

The main aim of this diploma thesis is to analyse the economic and political development in the United Kingdom under Margaret Thatcher and to judge, to which degree the measures applied by the government of Margaret Thatcher were applicable to the Czech Republic, respectively, to which degree the government of Václav Klaus (1992 -- 1997) was inspired by the British approach and which the practical results of this inspiration were.

Début 2009, alors que les Etats-Unis étaient au coeur de la crise économique la plusimportante depuis plus de soixante-quinze ans, Barack Obama prenait place à la Maison-Blanche etmettait en place ses premières mesures sous le mot d’ordre « Hope and Change ». L’opposition à sonaction s’est alors rapidement cristallisée autour du mouvement Tea Party. Le premier objectif de cetravail de thèse consiste à expliquer le succès remporté par ce mouvement, en soulignant le rôle dequatre facteurs issue de la « structure des opportunités politiques » : l’ouverture du système partisanaux challengers, la stabilité des alignements politiques, l’existence de forces relais et, enfin, lastructure du conflit. Ces éléments constitutifs nous donnent aussi les clés nécessaires pour comprendrecomment et sous quelle forme s’est construite l’idéologie du mouvement. Dans un second temps, ilsera question d’analyser les effets du mouvement Tea Party sur son environnement politique. Nouschercherons à comprendre dans quelle mesure et selon quels mécanismes ce mouvement est parvenu àinfluencer le système politique américain dans un contexte marqué, depuis les années soixante-dix, parune polarisation de la politique américaine. Pour cela, nous aurons recours à l’étude comparée desdiscours produits par le Tea Party, le Parti républicain et le Parti démocrate. / In 2009, while the United-States were suffering from the worst economic crisis in more thansixty-five years, Barack Obama entered the White House and began implementing the first measuresof his “Hope and change” agenda. Opposition to his actions quickly crystallized around the Tea Partymovement. This PhD thesis aims firstly to explain the sudden success of the Tea Party by pointing therole of four factors linked to the “political opportunity structure”: access to the party system and policydecisions, the political alignments stability, the alliance structure, and finally the conflict structure.Those four elements can also help us understand the way the movement’s ideology was shaped. Asecond part is devoted to analyzing the effects of the Tea Party on its political environment. We intendto show to what extend and in which ways the Tea Party was able to influence the American politicalsystem, in a context marked, since the seventies, by a growing political polarization. To do so, weproceed by resorting to the comparative study of the Tea Party, the Republican Party, and theDemocratic Party discourses.

Even though major advances in economic theory and modelling have in some cases furthered our understanding of how the economy works, the system as a whole has become more complex. If policymakers had perfect knowledge about the actual state of the economy, the various transmission mechanisms as well as the true underlying model, monetary intervention would be greatly simplified. In reality, however, the monetary authorities have to contend with considerable uncertainty in relation to the above-mentioned factors. This said, uncertainty has mostly been neglected in both the theoretical and empirical literature focusing on monetary policy analysis. Nonetheless, findings from a review of theoretical literature that does exist on this topic suggest that optimal central banks act more conservatively when faced with uncertainty. Similarly, empirical findings from the literature also favour conservatism. However, there is some evidence to suggest that this is not always the case. These results suggest that central banks do not always act optimally when faced with uncertainty. The limited number of industrial country cases examined prevents any generalised view from emerging. If anything, the literature findings suggest that central bank behaviour differs across countries. This thesis aims to contribute to the empirical literature by studying the effects of uncertainty on monetary policy in the developing country case of South Africa. In simplest terms, the thesis seeks to establish whether or not the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) responded optimally to uncertainty as suggested by theoretical models thereof. To this end, the thesis employs a theoretical model which resembles a structural rule-based approach. The optimal interest rate rule was derived given a set of structural equations relating to demand, the Phillips curve and the real exchange rate. To incorporate uncertainty, it is assumed that the coefficients are dependent on the variances of the exogenous variables, namely inflation, the output gap and the exchange rate. The uncertainty adjusted model allows us to investigate whether monetary policy is more aggressive or passive when uncertainty about the relevant exogenous variable increases. Inflation, output gap and exchange rate uncertainty estimates were derived through GARCH-model specifications related to the structural equations as defined in the theoretical model. The investigation considered both indirect and direct uncertainty effects with a sample period stretching from 1990 to 2011. The findings reported in this thesis provide strong evidence in support of the notion that uncertainty plays a significant role within the South African monetary policy landscape and contributes towards explaining the SARB’s actions. Furthermore, the results suggest that the SARB did in fact act optimally in responding more conservatively to target variable fluctuations on average. Also, the findings could potentially strengthen the case for inflation targeting as a monetary policy regime, as the results indicate a marked decline in the effects of uncertainty under inflation targeting than before. / Economics / D. Com. (Economics)