A construção sustentável é uma condição essencial para o alcance do desenvolvimento sustentável da sociedade. Para isso, é necessário preocupar-se com a sustentabilidade de todas as etapas do ciclo de vida de um empreendimento, desde sua concepção, passando pelo projeto, construção, manutenção, até sua demolição, considerando sempre as três dimensões da sustentabilidade: econômica, social e ambiental. Portanto, destaca-se o estudo da redução dos impactos negativos da etapa de construção de empreendimentos na medida em que a indústria da construção civil, além de grande consumidora de recursos naturais, é fonte de diversos impactos negativos causados ao meio ambiente. Dessa forma, o objetivo desta pesquisa é propor práticas a serem adotadas por empreendedores e empresas construtoras e seus subcontratados em seus canteiros de obras, visando a um processo de produção de edifícios mais sustentável em áreas urbanas. Essas práticas envolvem diretrizes tecnológicas e gerenciais, além de um guia, que propõe uma estratégia para implantação de canteiros de obras mais sustentáveis. A pesquisa, de propósito exploratório e caráter qualitativo, foi desenvolvida por meio de estudos teóricos, envolvendo revisão bibliográfica nacional e internacional, assim como observações em campo. Como principais resultados, apresentam-se: a evolução da matriz de correlação de aspectos e impactos ambientais de canteiros de obras de edifícios; a formulação de conjunto de diretrizes tecnológicas e gerenciais que visem a um processo de produção mais sustentável em canteiros de obras; e a elaboração de um guia para implantação de um canteiro de obras mais sustentável. / Sustainable construction is an essential condition for society sustainable development achievement. So, concerning about sustainability is indispensable for all stages of the building life cycle, since its conception, through design, construction, maintenance, until its demolition, considering the three dimensions of sustainability: economical, social and environmental. Hence, the building construction negative impacts reduction study stands out, as the construction industry, besides being a great consumer of natural resources, causes unwanted environmental impacts. Thus, the purpose of the research is to provide recommendable practices to be adopted by the constructors in their site works, aiming at a more sustainable production process in urban areas. These practices involve technological and managerial guidelines, besides a guide, which proposes a more sustainable site works establishment strategy. The research has exploratory object and qualitative nature, and was developed through theoretical studies, involving national and international literature review, and field observations. As main results there are: the evolution of the site works environmental aspects and impacts correlation matrix, the formulation of technological and managerial guidelines aiming at a more sustainable site works production process, and the preparation of a guide for a more sustainable site works establishment.

Submitted by Simone Souza (simonecgsouza@hotmail.com) on 2017-10-13T15:55:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Maria Zuila Cysneiros de Miranda.pdf: 7575682 bytes, checksum: bb199492fbfb8f862bc10c5bd1315561 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-11-07T11:39:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Maria Zuila Cysneiros de Miranda.pdf: 7575682 bytes, checksum: bb199492fbfb8f862bc10c5bd1315561 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-07T11:39:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Maria Zuila Cysneiros de Miranda.pdf: 7575682 bytes, checksum: bb199492fbfb8f862bc10c5bd1315561 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-30 / Na atualidade, os resíduos da construção civil (RCC) representam um grande desafio para o setor e o seu gerenciamento, durante a produção das edificações, promove nos canteiros de obra uma realidade vinculada ao modelo de gestão de cada empresa construtora. É preciso então ampliar o entendimento de gestão empresarial e integrá-lo aos conceitos de gestão ambiental. É necessário um novo modelo para o gerenciamento dos canteiros de obra que seja capaz de viabilizar o gerenciamento de RCC e contribuir positivamente, para o grave problema de administração de resíduos sólidos nas cidades brasileiras. A pesquisa se propôs a identificar e analisar o gerenciamento de resíduos da construção civil (GRCC) dentro dos canteiros de obra de edifícios residenciais, na cidade de Cuiabá, a partir da aplicação de uma ferramenta e instrumentos de análise e observação, que medisse quantitativa e qualitativamente esse gerenciamento. Também propôs avaliar o modelo de GRCC presente no canteiro de obra em relação à contribuição junto à cadeia produtiva da construção e a interrelação entre o gerenciamento do canteiro de obra e o gerenciamento de RCC, a partir de uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa das melhorias e inovações tecnológicas simples implantadas. Para alcançar esses objetivos foram estudadas seis empresas, entre as nove maiores com atuação no segmento, tanto regional como nacional, e que representaram mais de 50% do mercado para m2 em construção e em empreendimentos entregues em 2013. Em cada empresa foram pesquisados dois canteiros de obra, totalizando doze canteiros participantes. Na análise dos resultados obtidos percebe-se nesses canteiros ações e práticas referentes à introdução de melhorias e inovações tecnológicas simples relacionadas ao gerenciamento do canteiro de obra, embora ainda incipientes para resultados satisfatórios quanto ao gerenciamento de RCC. Ao integrar-se essas ações aos resultados obtidos para o modelo de gerenciamento de RCC implantado nos canteiros das empresas, foi possível constatar que 83% dos canteiros trabalham com modelo de gerenciamento de RCC insuficiente, sem contribuição ou impacto positivo na cadeia produtiva da construção. Face a todos os aspectos analisados, para as novas edificações na cidade de Cuiabá, os resultados indicaram um valor médio de RCC removido dos canteiros de 199 kg/m2 construído. Em comparação ao valor nacional mais difundido, 150 kg/m2 construído, o resultado da pesquisa é 25% maior; em comparação ao valor divulgado pela Prefeitura Municipal de Cuiabá para elaboração de Projeto de Gerenciamento de RCC para novas edificações, 120 kg/m² construído, o resultado da pesquisa é 40% maior. / At present time, the construction waste (CW) represents a major challenge for the segment and its management during the production of buildings, for it promotes at the construction sites a reality linked to the management model of each construction company. It is then necessary to broaden the understanding of business management and integrate it to the concepts of environmental management. A new model for managing construction sites to be able to enable the management of CW and contribute positively to the serious problem of solid waste management in Brazilian cities is required. The research aimed to identify and analyze the management of construction waste (MCW) within the construction sites of residential buildings in the city of Cuiabá, from the application of a tool and instruments of analysis and observation, which measured quantitatively and qualitatively this management. Also aimed to identify to evaluat the model MCW present at the construction site and the interrelationship between the management of the construction site and management of construction waste, from a quantitative and qualitative analysis of simple technological improvements and innovations implemented. To achieve these goals, six of the nine largest companies in this segment, both regional and national, were studied, and which represented over 50% of the market for square meter in construction and projects delivered in 2013. In each company, two construction sites were surveyed, bringing the total to twelve participant In the analysis of the results it can be seen in these plots, actions and practices regarding the introduction of improvements, and technological innovations related to managing the construction site, although still preliminary to satisfactory results regarding the management of construction waste. By integrating these actions to the results obtained for model CW implanted in the construction sites of the companies, it was found that 83% of the constructions work with management construction waste insufficient without contribution or positive impact on the construction supply chain model. Considering all the aspects analyzed, for new buildings in the city of Cuiabá, the results indicated an average removed on construction sites of construction waste 199 kg/m2 built. Compared to the wider national value of 150 kg/m2 built, the research result is 25% higher; compared to the value reported by the Municipality of Cuiabá for developing project of construction waste management for new buildings, 120 kg/m² built, the research result is 40% higher.

No description available.

Health and safety issues have always been a major problem and concern in the construction industry. Wherever reliable records are available, construction is found to be one of the most dangerous on health and safety criteria, particularly in developing countries. Efforts have been made to address this problem, but the results have been far from satisfactory, as construction accidents continue to dominate the overall construction industry. Despite the programs implemented by government authorities and measures introduced by companies themselves, the number of construction accidents still remains alarmingly high. In developing countries, safety rules usually do not exist; if they do, the regulatory authority is usually very weak in implementing such rules effectively. The UAE is one of developing countries that are currently enjoying a strong growth in construction activities. Unfortunately, some sectors of its construction industry suffer from poor safety and health conditions. Any framework of the existing occupational and health conditions is fragmented and inadequately enforced, making construction sites more hazardous. It may even be argued that relevant regulations are outdated and irrelevant in day-to-day construction operations. From this perspective this research explores the approved methods adopted in the UK in order to improve the existing code of practice in the UAE and thus introduce the foundations on which appropriate health and safety systems may be built. A framework for Health and Safety management in the UK is suggested. To reach this objective an overview of the published materials as well as the legislation has been undertaken. Questionnaires were designed and distributed to potential construction industry players and interview sessions have been conducted to meet the first objective of the project which to determine the health and safety measures currently applied on construction sites. In addition, structured interviews were carried out with selected managers from a selection of construction and oil companies, medium and large size. This thesis specifically, it investigates the safety perceptions, attitudes, and behaviour of construction workers and management safety practices. Based upon the analysis of the results, this study has demonstrated that the majority of those questioned UAE construction companies have a poor degree of risk awareness and do not seems to take health and safety as an important issue.

Vid en brand på byggarbetsplatsen finns det risk för personskador, skador på egendom och att byggproduktionen hamnar i ett driftstopp som kan bli kostsamt. Det finns brister vid planeringen av brandskyddet under byggtid (BUB) och vid olika arbetsmoment på byggarbetsplatsen. Planeringen av BUB behöver förbättras utefter hur en byggarbetsplats, och således brandrisker, förändras under byggproduktionen. Ett förslag på hur detta skulle kunna förbättras är att BUB är med i produktionsplaneringen och redovisas på arbetsplatsdispositionsplaner (APD-planer). Arbetsmoment som kan vara en brandrisk borde också planeras tillsammans med BUB för en brandsäkrare byggarbetsplats. Brandskyddsprojektering är idag till stor del inte inkluderat i det digitala arbetssättet som Building Information Modeling (BIM) innebär. Att brandkonsulten inte är med och arbetar i BIM leder till att de fördelar som finns med samverkan mellan olika discipliner inte kan utnyttjas. Den forskning som finns rörande brandskydd i BIM idag fokuserar på projektering av den färdiga byggnaden och hur brandskydd ska kunna inkluderas i BIM. Det finns idag ingen forskning som berör både brandskydd på byggarbetsplatsen och BIM-projektering av byggarbetsplatsen. Detta leder till ett kunskapsglapp mellan BIM som arbetssätt på byggarbetsplatsen och planering av BUB. På grund av de påträffade problemområdena syftade studien till att undersöka förbättringsmöjligheter för brandskyddet under byggtid. Detta genom att kartlägga förutsättningar och tillämpbara områden där BUB kan inkluderas i arbetet med APD-planer och tidsberoende BIM-modeller. Målet med studien var att framta ett underlag till framtida arbetsmetoder där BUB, APD-planer och BIM på byggarbetsplatser används tillsammans. För att uppfylla syftet utfördes en litteraturstudie och en intervjustudie. Litteraturstudien gjordes för att granska publicerat material rörande BUB, byggarbetsplatsplanering med APD-planer samt BIM på byggarbetsplatsen och BIM med hänsyn till brandskydd. Intervjustudien gjordes för att få en inblick i hur personer använder sig av BUB, APD-planer och BIM på byggarbetsplatser (i praktiken). Den information som framkom från teoretisk kunskap och praktiska erfarenheter analyserades för att kartlägga förutsättningar och tillämpbara områden där BUB kan inkluderas i arbetet med APD-planer och tidsberoende BIM-modeller. Detta för att kunna överbrygga gapet som finns mellan BUB, APD-planer och användandet av BIM på byggarbetsplatser. De identifierade områden som framtagits är planering, kommunikation samt kontroll och uppföljning. För att kunna arbeta med BUB och skedesstyrda APD-planer i BIM inom de identifierade områdena finns det krav på vissa grundläggande förutsättningar. För att kunna ta fram APD-planer och göra dessa skedesstyrda i BIM-modellen krävs det utbildning för att få nödvändig kunskap och kompetens hos både projekteringen och produktionen. Det kommer också krävas ett tidigt samarbete mellan produktionen och projekteringen för att täcka alla kompetensområden som behövs vid planering av produktionen av en byggnad med BIM. För att kunna projektera APD-planer i BIM är det även en förutsättning att alla discipliner arbetar i BIM-modellen. Saknas det information, exempelvis landskap, går det inte att göra fullständiga APD-planer över byggområdet i BIM. Att ta fram skedesstyrda APD-planer där BUB inkluderas i en BIM-modell har i denna studie visat sig vara fördelaktigt inom flera områden. Att planera BUB tillsammans med APD-planer ivgör att brandskyddet på byggarbetsplatsen kan planeras med hänsyn till produktionen och att kraven går att genomföra utan att produktionen blir lidande. Med skedesstyrda APD-planer i en BIM-modell blir det möjligt att visualisera förändringarna på byggarbetsplatsen och på så vis även förutspå vilka brandrisker som uppkommer under olika skeden i byggnationen. BUB inkluderat i en BIM-modell kan vara ett verktyg för att förbättra kommunikationen på byggarbetsplatsen. Detta genom att informationen som läggs in blir mer projektspecifik vilket leder till att BUB blir lättare att förmedla, tydligare att följa och mer förståelig. Med bättre information och ökad kunskap om BUB kan kontroll och uppföljning utföras effektivare och därmed förbättra brandskyddet genom att kontrollerna utförs med en högre kvalité. Detta ger förhoppningen om att brandskydd under byggtid blir en större del av planering och projektering av byggarbetsplatsen samt leder till en säkrare byggarbetsplats. / In case of a fire at a construction site there is a risk of personal injury, property damage and stop in the building production that may be costly. There are shortcomings in the planning of fire safety at the construction site and at different construction methods. The planning of fire safety at construction sites are also in need of improvements according to how a construction site, and thus risks of fire, change during construction production. This by planning the fire safety along with the production of the building and that the fire safety is presented on workplace disposition plans. Fire protection design is mostly not included in the digital work method that Building Information Modeling (BIM) implies. The fact that the fire consultant is not involved with and works in BIM means that the benefits of collaboration between different disciplines cannot be utilized. The research on fire protection in BIM today focuses on the design of the completed building and how fire protection can be included in BIM. There is currently no research regarding both fire safety at the construction site and BIM modelling of the construction site. This leads to a gap between BIM as a working method at the construction site and the planning of fire safety. Because of mentioned problem areas, the study’s purpose was to investigate improvements for fire safety on construction sites. This by mapping out conditions and applicable areas where fire safety can be included in the planning of workplace disposition plans in time-dependent BIM models. The aim of the study was to provide a basis for future work methods in which fire safety, workplace disposition plans and BIM at construction sites are used together. To fulfill the purpose, a literature study and an interview study were conducted. The literature study was conducted to review published material regarding fire safety, construction site planning with workplace disposition plans, BIM at the construction site and BIM with fire safety design. Interviews were conducted to gain an insight into how people use fire safety documents, workplace disposition plans and BIM on construction sites (in practice). The information derived from theoretical knowledge and practical experience was analyzed to map the conditions and applicable areas where fire safety can be included in the planning of workplace disposition plans and time-dependent BIM models. This to bridge the gap between fire safety, workplace disposition plans and the use of BIM on construction sites. The identified areas that have been established are planning, communication and control and follow-up. To be able to work with fire safety and workplace disposition plans in time-dependent BIM model within the identified areas, there are some basic conditions that needs to be fulfilled. To be able to develop workplace disposition plans and make these time-dependent in the BIM model, education is needed to get the necessary knowledge and skills in both the design and production. There also needs to be an early collaboration between production and design to cover all areas of expertise needed in planning the production of a building with BIM. To be able to design workplace disposition plans in BIM, it is also a prerequisite that all disciplines work in the BIM model. If there is no information, such as information of the landscape, it is not possible to complete workplace disposition plans over the whole construction site in BIM. To develop time-dependent workplace disposition plans where fire safety are included in a BIM model, this study has proven to be beneficial in several areas. Planning the fire safety together with workplace disposition plans allows the fire protection at the construction site to be planned viregarding production and that the fire safety requirements can be implemented without the production being compromised. Time-dependent workplace disposition plans in a BIM model make it possible to visualize the changes at the construction site, thus predicting fire risks during different stages of the construction. Fire safety included in a BIM model can be a tool for improving communication at the construction site. This is because the information about the fire safety on construction sites inserted becomes more project-specific, which means that the information about the fire safety requirements can be easier to convey, clearer to follow and more understandable. With better information and increased knowledge about fire safety on construction sites, control and follow-up can be performed more effectively and therefore improving the fire safety by performing the controls with a higher quality. This gives the hope that fire protection during construction will be a major part of planning and designing the construction site and that this will lead to a safer construction site.

A method for occupational risk assessment in construction sites is developed in this study. This method provides a system to perform exhaustive analysis of the situations that could result in serious accidents. The main characteristic of this method is the integration of the safety and health legislation of three legal frameworks associated with the monitoring of construction procedures. The method is structured in three stages: protocol, data analysis system and risk control procedure. The protocol provides a systematic in situ evaluation, through requirements for identifying and assessing the gravity of the factors that can contribute to an accident. Likewise, it allows identifying the workers in areas of risk. The data analysis system is a tool that processes the information gathered in the protocol. The result is a set of quantitative indicators characterizing the work environment. A significant feature of this tool is its applicability to other productive activities besides construction. The main indicator provided by the method is the safety global index (Is). A formulation representative of the characteristics of the assessed environment and capable of effectively translating its safety level was developed. To this end, a classification range was defined based on the analysis of numerous risk assessments. A detailed study of the parameters of the formulation was conducted, testing their conceptual and mathematical consistency and the influence of one parameter in the others. The third stage of the method is the risk control procedure which establishes an action plan on the irregularities identified in the evaluation. The first version of this method was tested in six bridges and viaducts construction sites. When the necessary adjustments were identified, the effectiveness of the final version was verified twice in two construction sites, a bridge and a viaduct. The validation of the method was completed by means of a survey among the staff responsible for the prevention of accidents in the two construction sites and through the its verification according to a model of validation in operations research. In light of the above, conclusions from the theoretical basis of the method and the results obtained in the risk assessments performed in the construction sites of bridges and viaducts are drawn. / En este trabajo se ha desarrollado un método para la evaluación de riesgos laborales en obras de construcción. Éste método facilita un sistema de análisis exhaustivo de aquellas situaciones que puedan resultar en accidentes graves. Su principal característica es la integración de la legislación de prevención de riesgos laborales de tres marcos jurídicos, asociada al seguimiento de los métodos constructivos. Está estructurado en tres etapas: protocolo, sistema de análisis de datos y procedimiento de control de riesgos. El protocolo aporta una sistemática para la evaluación in situ, a través de requisitos para la identificación y valoración de la gravedad de los factores que puedan contribuir a un accidente. Igualmente permite la identificación de los trabajadores en las áreas de riesgos. El sistema de análisis de datos es una herramienta que procesa las informaciones originadas por el protocolo. Resulta en un conjunto de indicadores cuantitativos que caracteriza el ambiente laboral. Tiene como importante característica la aplicabilidad a otras actividades productivas además de a la construcción. El principal indicador facilitado por el método es el índice global de seguridad (Is). Se ha desarrollado una formulación representativa de las características del ambiente evaluado, que traduce muy eficazmente su nivel de seguridad. Para ello se ha desarrollado un rango de clasificación a partir del análisis de numerosas evaluaciones de riesgos. Se ha realizado un detallado estudio de los parámetros que componen la formulación, comprobando su coherencia conceptual y matemática, y la influencia de un parámetro sobre los demás. La tercera parte del método es un procedimiento de control de riesgos, que establece un plan de acción sobre las irregularidades identificadas en la evaluación. La primera versión del método fue testada en seis obras de construcción de puentes y viaductos. Identificados los ajustes necesarios, se verificó la eficacia de la versión definitiva con la aplicación por dos veces, en dos obras, un puente y un viaducto. Se ha concluido la validación del método a través de una encuesta realizada con los responsables de la prevención de accidentes de las dos obras, y a través de su comprobación respecto a los criterios propuestos por un modelo de validación de investigación operativa. De todo lo anterior, se han extraído conclusiones desde la fundamentación teórica del método, hasta los resultados obtenidos en evaluaciones de riesgos realizadas en obras de construcción de puentes y viaductos.

This study aims at identifying on a concrete example the possible transfer of methods from strategic spatial planning to lower scales of planning like urban programming or operational planning of construction sites. Strategic spatial planning is a participatory and open method establishing the basis for cooperation between public and private stakeholders to achieve what is defined by said stakeholders as the best evolution for the territory it is dealing with, it relies on tools and processes like territorial diagnosis, thematic workshops and roundtables; Objectives are more qualitatively than quantitatively defined to allow flexibility to adapt to internal and external changes. This paper considers the territory of Lyon conurbation, France, as its territory of focus and particularly the redevelopment project of its central business district and multimodal hub, Part-Dieu. The planning of Lyon conurbation was in the 80s at the vanguard of strategic planning in France. Driven by Lyon urban planning agency and Grand Lyon, the local authority in charge of the area, under the pressure of local economic actors, Lyon conurbation acquired and integrated new tools and methods from strategic spatial planning. The hypothesis of this study is that, from then on, strategic planning methods and processes got transferred from the field of pure strategic spatial planning to the lower notches of the decision-making chain leading to the realization of a project: the stage of the programming of a neighborhood – the Part-Dieu district – and the stage of the operational planning of a construction or redevelopment operation. This study puts forward the following reasoning to explain this transfer of methods: an acculturation process to the collaborative and qualitative methods of strategic spatial planning took place in the territory of Lyon conurbation. It happened between the corporate cultures of spatial planning and those of urban program design and construction operation management. However, more than a way to really involve all stakeholders in the decision-making process in a bottom-up approach, this study suggests that the use of these methods at the stage of construction/redevelopment operation management is more of a facade to make stakeholders better accept decisions already taken by experts and/or public authorities. One could talk about a top-down approach disguised as a bottom-up approach.

The theme of my diploma thesis is Building and Technological Project for a residential building in Strážnice. This is a study of the implementation of major technological stages of object SO- 01 residential building, the project concerning the construction site installation, design the mechanical assembly, traffic solutions, technological process earthworks, foundation structures, piles CFA and reinforced concrete ceiling construction. The work includes further object schedule, financial plan, a detailed timetable for construction of residential building, the budget, the inspection and the test plan, safety hazards on a construction site in the implementation of the substructure object and thermal technical assessment of selected structures.

Automation of mobile construction and agricultural equipment has gained wide acceptance based on increases in productivity, safety, and precision; while also helping upskill operators. On construction equipment, after-market automation of earthmoving crawler dozers and graders has driven a conversion of machines to electro-hydraulic (EH) implement control and integration into digital worksites. Unlike the aforementioned machines, conversion of the excavator into a semi or fully autonomous machine presents significant challenges due to kinematics, variable loads, non-linear multi-function of implements, safety, and robustness. The present work demonstrates the retrofit of a pilot-operated 21-ton excavator and development of automated controls to address these challenges. The operator pilot joysticks and existing hydraulic system were retained, while adding capability for autonomous functionality with integrated hardware, controls, and kinematic solvers within a production viable environment. Autonomous features for path planning, multi-function actuator velocity control, EH controls, and safety were developed to prove the value of precise and low latency control hardware for EH excavator operation.

Safety and protection of health on construction sites and protection of third parties during construction is a complex problem. It is affected by contractor’s policy on ensuring thorough abidance to security requirements but, in the first place it is affected by submitters and their irresponsible appreach to protection of life and health of the construction workers. They believe that ensuring safe work enviroment would reset in increased cosi of the construction. This doctoral thesis answers the question how to guarantee safety on construction sites. The main purpose is to show that early detection of risks does not increase the construction costs but ensures safety of workers protection of third parties. Finally, the doctoral thesis provils methodology, which guides the contractor in how to proceed in order to meet the budget, schedule and safety requirements. In regard of the variety of different construction sites and works this docáral thesis focuses explicitly on line constructions.