Research in the area of artificial intelligence (AI) in marketing mainly consists of increasing value for retailers or ethical issues related to consumers, in contrast, academic research regarding consumers perception of AI in marketing is vague at best. This research explores the perception of machine-generated advertising campaigns and how these campaigns are experienced by consumers. This research aims to explore the uncharted phenomenon of consumer perception related to receiving and evaluating advertisements through short message services and emails. An exploratory research question was used and formulated as: What are the perceptions of machine-generated advertisements among consumers. In order to answer the research question, two sub-questions were used as follows; what themes constitute the consumers’ perception of machine-generated advertisements and what is the consumers’ discernment ability of machine-generated advertisements. Using a mixed-method approach, this research gathered data conducting interviews that resulted in themes describing consumers' perception and an online questionnaire that was used in a univariate analysis, showing the consumer's discernment ability. Additionally, z-tests were conducted to increase the coverage of the discernment ability between different sample groups. The study concludes a descriptive theory for consumer perception of intelligent marketing campaigns and shows that consumers have a low distinguishing ability between machine and human made advertisements. This research concludes that further research is needed as the result of this study merely scratches the surface of a complex phenomenon. The results can however, be used as a springboard for further research on the topic as more comprehensive understanding is still achievable. / Forskning om AI i marknadsföring består huvudsakligen av att öka värdet för återförsäljare eller etiska frågor relaterade till konsumenter, däremot är akademisk forskning om konsumenternas uppfattning om AI i marknadsföring i bästa fall vag. I denna uppsats utforskas uppfattningen om maskin genererade reklamkampanjer och hur konsumenterna upplever dessa kampanjer. Denna forskning syftar till att börja utforska det okända fenomenet konsument uppfattning relaterat till att ta emot och utvärdera annonser genom sms-tjänster och e-postmeddelanden. En utforskande forskningsfråga användes och formulerades enligt följande; Vilka uppfattningar har konsumenter om maskin-genererade reklamkampanjer. För att besvara forskningsfrågan användes två delfrågor enligt följande; vilka teman bygger upp konsumentens uppfattning av maskin genererade reklamkampanjer och vilken särskiljningsförmåga har konsumenter mot maskin genererade reklamkampanjer. Med hjälp av en mixad metod samlade denna forskning in data genom intervjuer som resulterade i teman som beskriver konsumenternas uppfattning och en enkät som underlag för en univariat analys som visar konsumentens urskiljningsförmåga. Ytterligare genomfördes z-tester för att belysa täckningen av särskiljningsförmågan mellan olika provgrupper. Studien avslutas med en beskrivande teori för konsumenternas uppfattning om intelligenta marknadsföringskampanjer och visar att konsumenterna har låg urskiljningsförmåga mellan maskin och mänskligt skapade annonser. Denna forskning drar slutsatsen att ytterligare forskning behövs eftersom resultatet av denna studie bara skrapar på ytan av ett komplext fenomen. Resultaten kan användas som en språngbräda för vidare forskning om ämnet eftersom mer omfattande förståelse fortfarande kan uppnås.

El objetivo principal de la presente investigación es analizar los elementos gráficos del diseño de información que facilitan la comprensión del consumidor en los empaques alimenticios. Así mismo, se busca analizar el impacto del diseño de información en los usuarios. Para ello se realizaron entrevistas con expertos en los campos detallados y posteriores encuestas a consumidores. La población total estuvo conformada por adultos de entre 30 a 55 años, se analizó este rango de edad ya que comprende a personas que suelen fijarse más en los datos y beneficios de un producto al momento de realizar una compra, además son los principales responsables de las compras del hogar. Se evaluó a aquellos que suelen comprar en supermercados ubicados en Lima moderna, en distritos como; San Miguel, San Isidro, Miraflores, Surco, San Borja, La Molina, Pueblo Libre, Jesús María y Magdalena del Mar. Se determinó que, según los resultados del trabajo de campo, los elementos dentro del diseño de información que facilitan la comprensión de los usuarios son: el uso de figuras, diagramas, iconografía, tipografías adecuadas y la correcta síntesis y organización de la información. Estos elementos deben ser tomados en cuenta y respetados por los diseñadores con la finalidad de garantizar el entendimiento de los usuarios. / The main objective of this research is to analyze the graphic elements of the information design that facilitate consumer understanding of food packaging. Likewise, it seeks to analyze the impact of information design on users. For this, interviews with experts in the detailed fields and subsequent consumer surveys were performed. The total population of this project were adults between 30 to 55 years old, it was decided to analyzed this age range because it includes people who tend to look more at the data and benefits of a product when making a purchase. It evaluates those who usually buy in affected supermarkets in modern Lima in districts like; San Miguel, San Isidro, Miraflores, Surco, San Borja, La Molina, Pueblo Libre, Jesús María and Magdalena del Mar. It was determined that, according to the results of the field work, the elements within the design of information that facilitate the understanding of the users are: the use of figures, diagrams, iconography, adequate typefaces and the correct synthesis and organization of information. These elements must be taken into account and respected by the designers with the intention to guarantee the understanding of the users. / Trabajo de investigación

La presente investigación analiza tanto las percepciones hacia el activismo de marca como su aporte al valor de marca desde la perspectiva del consumidor. Siendo el activismo de marca una estrategia publicitaria emergente donde la marca toma una postura social y/o política para hacerle frente a los problemas de la sociedad. El estudio es de naturaleza cualitativa y su diseño es el estudio de caso, en donde se analizó la campaña “Tigres de la honestidad” de la marca Mibanco. Se realizaron 18 entrevistas semiestructuradas a hombres y mujeres millennials emprendedores de Lima Oeste de entre 26 a 40 años con negocios formales. Como resultado se encontró que el activismo de marca es percibido por los millennials emprendedores de Lima Oeste como necesario e importante para visibilizar los problemas, hacerles frente y aportar a la lucha de la ciudadanía. Asimismo, este activismo aporta al valor de marca basado en el consumidor a través de la identificación con la lucha social y/o política. / This research analyzes both the perceptions towards brand activism, one emerging advertising strategy in which the brand adopts a social or political posture to face social issues, and the contribution of the mentioned strategy to brand value from the consumer perspective. The nature of this study is qualitative whose design is the case study called "Tigres de la honestidad" campaign of Mibanco (2019). There were 18 semi-structured interviews conducted with formal businesses of entrepreneurial millennial men and women from West Lima, between 26 to 40 years old. As a result, the study revealed that brand activism contributes to brand value throughout the identification with social or political struggles of the entrepreneurial millennials of West Lima, who consider brand activism necessary and determining to draw attention to social issues, address them, and contribute to society. / Tesis

This paper is about femvertising which is used as a strategy within marketing to attract female consumers. This strategy is done by companies by pushing for gender equality and female empowerment in their ads. There is a lack of research regarding how femvertising affects consumers' purchase intentions and buying behavior. Further research also needs to be done examining female portrayals on digital platforms. The study is done with a qualitative method and inductive approach. In this paper, 20 respondents have participated in in-depth interviews and the respondents are all born between 1995 to 1998, which is called Gen Z, and are also all women. The paper is based on finding codes and converting them into categories which results in themes based on the different interviews. The conclusion of the paper is that social media are leading to purchases due to the possibility of targeting its consumers. Although, consumers easily tend to feel monitored when companies use them for targeting. Influencers can be successful for companies to use if the fit is good so it generates trust for the consumer. Another conclusion is that companies need to use different female portrayals, showing women in all of their uniqueness for them to be more relatable. Social media is an important part when it comes to if consumers will make purchases as it makes information and products easily accessible. Femvertising needs to shine through all of the company, not only the advertising. Companies should also monitor which type of WOM is out there about them as the point of view of other consumers is weighing heavily in affecting purchase intentions.

Usualmente, con el fin de atraer a consumidores y generar sentimientos de pertenencia, los anuncios publicitarios recurren al imaginario colectivo que identifica a un país o región para construir un mensaje eficiente que vincule los valores de dicha cultura con determinadas marcas. En este aspecto, la publicidad de bebidas alcohólicas ha destacado por su constante creación de universos simbólicos y experienciales que aluden al lugar de procedencia del producto, con el fin de construir narrativas de identidad y motivar sentimientos de pertenencia en sus consumidores. Se ha podido apreciar que los anuncios publicitarios de las marcas peruanas de cerveza no han sido ajenos a esta tendencia, y constantemente han recurrido a estereotipos culturales materializados en anuncios que descansan en una base de significación orientada a construir una perspectiva de representación cultural. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido analizar, mediante entrevistas focalizadas, cómo los estudiantes universitarios peruanos interpretan las referencias culturales mostradas en los spots publicitarios como estímulos para incentivar la identidad cultural. Se ha podido distinguir cómo en los participantes de esta investigación se manifiesta una relación estrecha entre el reconocimiento de elementos culturales en los mensajes publicitarios y el bienestar subjetivo. Este fenómeno es modulado por diversos factores del individuo, específicamente su necesidad de pertenencia, la cual se forma desde su entorno social y adopta los mensajes comerciales como un conducto hacia sus vínculos grupales. / Usually, in order to attract consumers and generate feelings of belonging, advertisements use the collective imagination that identifies a country or region to build an efficient message that links the values of that culture with certain brands. In this regard, the advertising of alcoholic beverages has stood out for its constant creation of symbolic and experiential universes that allude to the place of origin of the product, in order to build identity narratives and motivate feelings of belonging in its consumers. It has been seen that the advertisements of Peruvian beer brands have not been immune to this trend, and have constantly resorted to cultural stereotypes materialized in advertisements that rest on a basis of significance aimed at building a perspective of cultural representation. The objective of this study has been to analyze, through focused interviews, how Peruvian university students interpret the cultural references shown in advertising spots as stimuli to encourage cultural identity. It has been possible to distinguish how in the participants of this research a close relationship is manifested between the recognition of cultural elements in advertising messages and subjective well-being. This phenomenon is modulated by various individual factors, specifically their need for belonging, which is formed from their social environment and adopts commercial messages as a conduit to their group ties. / Tesis

El propósito de este estudio es analizar la percepción de las madres de Lima Oeste entre 21 a 35 años frente a las características de la estrategia de co-branding y la imagen visual de las marcas Puma y Barbie. Por dicho motivo, se adoptó una metodología cualitativa y el estudio de caso seleccionado para realizar el estudio fue la campaña entre Puma y Barbie, especialmete la colección de ropa y zapatillas inspirada en los 60 años de la muñeca. A través de la técnica de muestreo de bola de nieve, fueron contactadas 20 madres de familia. Las entrevistas se analizaron mediante un análisis temático para identificar categorías y conceptos. En vista de los hallazgos, para las usuarias la unión de ambas marcas cumplen con la percepción y valores que tenían de cada una por separado. Al ser dos marcas con trayectoria, están más dispuestas a utilizar algo de la colección. Al mismo tiempo, esta nueva imagen visual de la campaña les revive o trae recuerdos sobre su niñez. Consideran que sí vestirían igual que sus hijas porque es algo que esta muy de moda y en un futuro les quedará como recuerdo a ambas. / The purpose of this study is to analyze the perception of West Lima mothers between 21 and 35 years of age regarding the characteristics of the co-branding strategy and the visual image of Puma and Barbie brands. For this reason, a qualitative methodology was adopted and the case of study selected to carry out the study was the campaign between Puma and Barbie, especially the collection of clothes and shoes inspired by the 60 years of the doll. Through the snowball sampling technique, 20 mothers were contacted. The interviews were analyzed using a thematic analysis to identify categories and concepts. In view of the findings, for the users, the union of both brands meets the perception and values they had of each one separately. Being two brands with a long history, they are more willing to use something from the collection. At the same time, this new visual image of the campaign brings them back to life or brings back memories of their childhood. They consider that they would dress the same as their daughters because it is something that is very fashionable and in the future it will remain as a memory to both. / Tesis

Thesis (M. Sc. Agriculture (Agricultural Economics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / South Africa is characterised by low production which can be attributed to a lack of diversification and flexibility in agricultural production. There has been an explosive change in consumer-food relationships due to increased knowledge in the food industry. It is no longer just about supplying what you have, but about what you are selling as a producer that can meet the required need of consumers. Producers’ primary objective in the food industry is to provide the product that consumers need. Rabbit meat is recognised in rural areas, however, most rural smallholder farmers do not take initiative in rabbit production. Madiga Village is one such area where rabbit production is not practised. Farmers at Madiga Village are focusing on livestock such as cattle, goat, sheep and pork; and none of them are focusing on rabbit production. This study’s main purpose was to understand consumers perception of and willingness to pay for rabbit meat and analysing this perception and willingness in relation to their socio-economic characteristics. Moreover, since rabbit meat competes with other types of meat, it was imperative for the scope of this study to compare rabbit meat with other types of meat. As such, rabbit meat was compared with chicken, beef, pork and mutton. Information for this study on the perception of and willingness to pay was collected using a structured questionnaire that was administered through face-to-face interviews. The data that was collected was entered into a Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet and SPSS for analysis. This study used a sample size of 120 respondents at Madiga Village that were randomly selected. Analytical techniques used to analyse the data were Descriptive Statistics, Binomial Logit Model, Likert Scale and Chi-square Analysis. Firstly, the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents were identified and described. From the 120 households sampled and interviewd at Madiga Village, the results revealed that 57% of the respondents were males as compared to 43% of females. The majority, constituting 58% of the respondents were unemployed, whereas 28% of the respondents in this study were full-time employed with only 14% being self-employed. The household size of the respondents was found to be on an average of 5 with a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 13 members. From the Likert scale results using ten items, it was found that rabbit meat was perceived to be the easiest to cook and prepare relative to all the meat types it was compared with. Furthermore, it was perceived to be more nutritious, healthy and cheaper. However, it was found that respondents perceived it as being the difficult meat to find. Rabbit meat was also perceived as tasty compared to pork, chicken, beef and sheep (mutton) meats. To understand socio-economic characteristics affecting perception and willingness to pay, the Binomial Logit Model and Chi-square Analysis were used, respectively. The Binomial Logit results indicated that males were more likely to pay for rabbit meat if it was sold on a farm. Moreover, The results indicated that as household size increases by one, respondents would be more likely to pay for rabbit meat. Furthermore, respondents who perceived rabbit meat as better than pork and sheep meats were likely to pay for rabbit meat. Therefore, the null hypotheses were rejected as there are socio-economic characteristics and consumer perceptions that affect their willingness to pay. Rabbit farming is promising at Madiga village and farmers who would like to take an initiative in rabbit farming are encouraged to do so. The potential of this enterprise suits it to be incorporated into the livestock governmental financial budget as a new business initiatives.

As sustainability becomes a pressing issue, companies are increasingly adopting green advertising strategies to promote their products and increase consumer awareness. However, the effectiveness of these advertisements across different cultural backgrounds are often overlooked. In light of this, the research addresses two questions: (1) What are the characteristics of successful green advertisements in Japan and Sweden? and (2) How should Japanese and Swedish companies in the automobile industry design and deploy green advertisements to optimize the effect? To answer these questions, the research involved data analysis on green advertisements to understand key themes and develop survey samples. The survey was then conducted to examine the impact of cultural and green messages on participants' perceptions. The main findings indicate that both Japanese and Swedish participants perceive green advertisements with a soft-sell and single-message approach more appealing. However, when it comes to cultural messages, more Japanese participants showed positive attitudes towards green advertisements with high-context messages than Swedish participants with low-context messages. / I takt med att hållbarhet blir en allt viktigare fråga anammar företagen allt oftare gröna reklamstrategier för att marknadsföra sina produkter och öka konsumenternas medvetenhet. Effektiviteten av dessa annonser över olika kulturella bakgrunder förbises dock ofta. Mot bakgrund av detta tar forskningen upp två frågor: (1) Vad kännetecknar framgångsrika gröna annonser i Japan och Sverige? och (2) Hur bör japanska och svenska företag inom bilindustrin utforma och distribuera gröna annonser för att optimera effekten? För att besvara dessa frågor omfattade forskningen dataanalys av gröna annonser för att förstå viktiga teman och utveckla undersökningsurval. Undersökningen genomfördes sedan för att undersöka hur kulturella och gröna budskap påverkade deltagarnas uppfattningar. De viktigaste resultaten visar att både japanska och svenska deltagare uppfattar gröna annonser med en mjuk säljstrategi och ett enda budskap som mer tilltalande. Men när det gäller kulturella budskap visade fler japanska deltagare positiva attityder till gröna annonser med högkontextbudskap än svenska deltagare med lågkontextbudskap.

This research study aims to explore consumer ́s perception of bio-based plastic and to gain a comprehensive understanding of the various aspects including knowledge, expectations, perceived behavioral control and subjective norms that influence these perceptions. With increasing environmental concerns related to conventional plastics, there is a growing interest in sustainable alternatives. However, there is limited knowledge regarding consumer perceptions, specifically regarding bio-based plastics. Through semi-structured interviews, this study investigates the overall consumer perception of bio-based plastics compared to conventional plastics while also examining the influence of knowledge, expectations, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control on consumer perceptions. By incorporating these aspects, the study addresses a research gap and contributes to the understanding of consumer behavior towards bio-based plastics. The findings highlight the significance of knowledge, social influences, price perception, and product quality in shaping consumer perceptions. Policymakers, marketers, and industries seeking to promote the adoption of bio-based plastics as an alternative to conventional plastics can benefit from the research outcomes.

Two studies were conducted to investigate potential factors that affect consumers' perception towards home meal kits, and potential foodborne illness risks factors of home meal kits usage. <div>In study 1, a cross-sectional data collection was performed by using an online, self-administrated questionnaire. The participants who were the adults residing in U.S. were asked to answer the survey using the Likert scales. Multiple linear regression and moderation analyses were conducted to determine the associations between variables. The differences between HMK users and non-users were assessed by an independent t-test.</div><div>In study 2, three studies were developed to investigate the risks factors, including the (1) analysis of the available food safety-related information and delivery protocol collected from the vendors’ websites, (2) examination of the actual commercial HMK shipments, and (3) examination of the temperature changes inside the insulated HMK packages held under the average summer temperatures over time. Potential risk factors retrieved from the three studies were analyzed and the suggested guidelines to control those risks were identified.</div>