Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work, resulting from the doctoral research carried out within the Graduate Program of Sociology at the Federal University of Sergipe, investigated the urban and cultural politics and the construction of the consumption image of the city of Salvador, Bahia, during the preparation period and realization of the FIFA World Cup in Brazil (2009-2014). From the application until hosting such mega event and the time of its achievements, it was observed how the imagery references of Salvador were built by the articulation of urban entrepreneurs of government (municipal, state and federal level), certain local private sectors, as well as parastatal organizations such as FIFA. In this sense, the city that in the last decades of the twentieth century has its official consumption image designed for the tourist market, now has over time sporting mega events the historical condition to hold the fraying of the urban cultural commodification logic through city marketing strategies that articulated a supposed past glory with the controversial new urban management techniques. Through rhetoric configuration of an exceptional context of "unique opportunity" for local socio-economic development, was forged a sort of city of exception, under which officially sought to legitimize designed and implemented interventions. The argument put forward here understands that these urban-cultural policies contributed to the reinvention of Salvador consumption image by a general process of city spectacularization, characterized by upside down politics, disguised as local cultural value, but actually based on the dynamics of its reification, through a sort of beauty of the dead. Therefore, the strategic appropriation of local cultural practices are articulated with the production of consumption spaces, able to enunciate out spectacularly for the financial market and tourist consumption, the pastiche of idea of the city's difference. Nevertheless, in the face of appropriation, certain local cultural reappropriations also forged, while a diverse set of resistances that claim, in different levels and features, a range of rights denied by urban entrepreneurs. However, although to some extent, these reappropriations challenge the managerial functioning of the spectacle, its antinormative form did not appear able to subvert and remove the productive logic of the spectacularization. / Este trabalho, resultante da pesquisa doutoral desenvolvida no âmbito do Programa de Pós-Graduação e Sociologia da Universidade Federal de Sergipe, investigou as políticas urbano/culturais e a construção da imagem de consumo da cidade de Salvador-BA durante o período de preparação e realização das Copas da FIFA no Brasil (2009-2014). Da candidatura a sede dos referidos megaeventos até o momento de suas realizações, observou-se como as referências imagéticas da capital baiana foram construídas pela articulação de empreendedores urbanos do poder público (em nível municipal, estadual e federal), de determinados setores privados locais, além de organizações paraestatais, como a FIFA. Nesse sentido, a cidade que desde as últimas décadas do século XX possui sua imagem de consumo oficial projetada para o mercado turístico, passou a ter, com o tempo de megaeventos esportivos, a condição histórica de realizar o esgarçamento da lógica de mercantilização urbano/cultural, através de estratégias de city marketing que articularam um suposto passado de glória com as discutíveis novas técnicas de gestão urbana. Mediante a configuração retórica de um contexto excepcional de “oportunidade única” para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico local, forjou-se uma espécie de cidade de exceção, sob a qual oficialmente buscou-se legitimar as intervenções projetadas e implementadas. O argumento defendido aqui entende que essas políticas urbano/culturais contribuíram na reinvenção da imagem de consumo de Salvador, através de um processo geral de espetacularização da cidade, caracterizado pela política às avessas, dissimulada enquanto valorização cultural local, mas efetivamente fundamentada na dinâmica de sua reificação, mediante uma espécie de beleza do morto. Para tanto, as apropriações estratégicas das práticas culturais locais se articularam com a produção de espaços de consumo capazes de enunciar espetacularmente, para o mercado financeiro e consumo turístico, o pastiche da ideia de cidade da diferença. Não obstante, em face dessas apropriações, determinadas reapropriações culturais locais também se forjaram enquanto um conjunto diverso de resistências que reclamam, em níveis e características distintas, uma gama de direitos negados pelos empreendedores urbanos. Contudo, apesar de, em alguma medida, essas reapropriações contestarem o funcionamento gerencial do espetáculo, sua forma antinormativa não se apresentou capaz de subverter e destituir a lógica produtiva da espetacularização.

English, with some Arabic text / After justifying my rationale for this study, I have briefly propounded anthropological and philosophical perspectives for the institution and development of law in human society. Thereafter I have focused on the criminal law of Islām. With regards to invariable penalties for certain offences and variable penalties for others I have also stressed the oft-neglected issue of rehabilitation. Besides, I have also appraised criminal procedure and then concluded by refuting objections raised against Islāmic criminal law by critics. In sum, the following comes to light: • The Islāmic laws encompass all facets of criminality. • Islām believes in nipping the evil in the bud: treating the wound and then applying the plaster. If it comes to the worst that the wound becomes incurable, then for the betterment of the patient and others, it may as well be amputated. Its aim is not to castigate the criminals; rather to reprimand them and bring reform in the society. • How crucial this topic is and how urgently it should be addressed. • How temperate the Islāmic laws are in weeding out crimes from the societies. • Crime is a crime, whether it is perpetrated by an individual or state. / Religious Studies and Arabic / M.A. (Islamic Studies)

The presence of social media, the growing base of their users and the time they spend on them fundamentally changes the process of media consumption before the emergence of Web 2.0. Instagram is one of these social networks, whose popularity is still growing. Another of the platforms, which was primarily created to connect people with each other and make it easier for them to communicate with each other, is now, thanks to its demonstrable potential to reach many people, an advertising space that advertisers use extensively. Social media has thus expanded the offer of advertising channels used so far to address the target publication, including lifestyle magazines. Together, these two types of media are the representatives of traditional and new media which are resemble each other for its type of content they offer. They both serve as an entertaining tool for the readers. The questions that this work seeks to answer are whether young users who were born or partially grew up in the digital age are beside being Internet users on a daily bases from an early age also readers of press, in this case, specifically lifestyle magazines. Second question is how they perceive advertising in both types of these media and which of these two is more suitable for advertising placement. Even though young people...

The rapid decline of democracy in Hungary has been one of the EU's most challenging phenomena. The Hungarian parliamentary elections in 2010 saw Viktor Orban's Fidesz party rise to prominence and win a majority in the Hungarian parliament. That would be the starting point of a rapid decline in democracy but also in terms of civil liberties and political rights. This essay aims to address the serious issue of democratic backsliding in Hungary which has influenced other European union (EU) member states to follow the same course, such as Poland. This research identifies issues posed by the current ruling Fidesz party in five arenas: the civil society, the political society, the rule of law, the state bureaucracy, and the economic society. The issue of democratic backsliding is a common phenomena in the 21st century. Therefore, this bachelor's thesis will examine why Hungary became the subject of an extensive democratic backsliding which would turn the country into a hybrid regime.

In the function of the current society, the energy is an variable of total importance. It does not have much that to think about growth and development, without this matrix is inserted. That the taken routes only need to be reviewed, and certain incorporated concepts already to the effective system, and, that, until then, seen as untouchable, they urgently need a to formulate how much its technician-scientific action. This process of appropriation of materials of the nature for the production of goods and services in order to take care of the necessities of the society, some concepts of civilities seem to have been forgotten, and the search for the full comfort leads to the man to interact of incoherent form, in view of the exhaustion of the reserves of natural resources, establishing, thus, the degradation in such a way of the ecological environment as the social environment. This way operands, is that it is studied as form to quantify and to characterize the actions human beings in main its input the energy, comparing the direct relation enters of energy and the economic and social development; to analyze the energy in the World, Brazil and the State of Alagoas, to see the producing relation versus energy consumer, the energy matrices, to also compare the economic development with the production of energy and with regard to its consumption. To take to the field of the academic quarrel the questioning of the production and the consumption of electric energy, alternatives you renewed and of low ecological impact. To quantify how much it is produced, how much it is consumed. To characterize who produces and who consumes, and, the one that level. Measurer, and form economically and accounting, the ambient and social impacts of the production and the consumption, here it is the question. / Na função da sociedade atual, a energia é uma variável de total importância. Não há muito que pensar em crescimento e desenvolvimento, sem que esta matriz esteja inserida. Só que os rumos tomados precisam ser revistos, e certos conceitos já incorporados ao sistema vigente, e, que, até então, vistos como intocáveis, necessitam urgentemente de uma reformulação quanto a sua ação técnico-científica. É durante o presente processo de apropriação de materiais da natureza para a produção de bens e serviços a fim de atender as necessidades da sociedade, que alguns conceitos de civilidades parecem ter sidos esquecidos, e a busca pelo conforto pleno leva ao homem interagir de forma incoerente na natureza, tendo em vista a exaustão das reservas de recursos naturais, estabelecendo, assim, o atual quadro de degradação tanto do meio ambiente ecológico como o meio ambiente social. Busca-se em forma de estudo uma formatação mais próxima da realidade do mundo atual, como forma de quantificar e qualificar as ações humanas no seu insumo principal a energia, comparando a relação direta entre a energia e o desenvolvimento econômico e social; analisar a energia no Mundo, no Brasil e no Estado de Alagoas, ver a relação produtor versus consumidor de energia, as matrizes energéticas, comparar o desenvolvimento econômico com a produção de energia e também com relação ao seu consumo. Levar ao campo da discussão acadêmica o questionamento da produção e do consumo de energia elétrica, alternativas renováveis e de baixo impacto ecológico. Quantificar o quanto se produz, o quanto se consome. Qualificar quem produz e quem consome. Medir de forma econômica e contabil, os impactos ambientais e sociais da produção e do consumo, eis a questão.

The thesis is focused on building technology solutions for the construction department store. The front of the main entrance, designed for base personnel has two floors; the rest designed for the sale is single-storey. The building is designed as a reinforced concrete skeleton hall. Roofing is solved by a flat roof consisting of sales of reinforced concrete beams with a slope of 3 %, with the roofing sheet ALKORPLAN. The two-storey part of the roof is again dealt with a flat roof, consisting of ceiling panels and concrete catchment slope of 2 %, the roofing sheet ALKORPLAN. External walls are designed sandwich panels KINGSPAN. Walls and ceilings are dealt with plasterboard. The floors are made of linoleum and ceramic tiles. The building is equipped with aluminum windows, interior doors are made of wood. Outdoor and entrance doors are made from aluminum. This thesis addresses the implementation of technology, organization of construction, time demands, costs to implement the object, control over the implementation – KZP, coordination situation, and instructions for use of the building after its handover to the owner.

Den här uppsatsen undersöker hur kärleksrelationen skrivs fram i två poetiska verk; Märta Tikkanens Århundradets kärlekssaga och Ebba Witt-Brattströms Århundradets kärlekskrig.  Syftet med uppsatsen är att se till hur plats, blick och skrivandet samverkar i framskrivandet av kärleksrelationen. Jag utforskar hur det narcissistiska, inåtvända subjektet fungerar och hur skrivandet av den egna erfarenheten upprätthåller ett kapitalistiskt och narcissistiskt kärlekssystem där människor gör våld på sig själv och andra. Jag använder mig av Byung-Chul Han och hans verk Eros Agoni för att se hur och vad den andres platslöshet har för betydelse i kärleksrelationen. Jag går i dialog med Han kring hur det inåtvända subjektet fungerar i ett kapitalistiskt system och vad skrivandet av plats gör. Analysen utgår från hur den skrivande blicken gör mannen till den andre genom att skriva fram dennes abstrakta och fysiska plats. I platsbestämmandet finns en maktaspekt där en konsumerande blick utvinner den andre genom att göra, skriva denne. Parallellt med analysen problematiserar jag även mig själv och mitt egna skrivande och de rädslor som finns hos ett instörtat, narcissistiskt, skrivande subjekt. Jag visar på hur skribenten gör våld på text och analys, och hur platsbestämmandet är en illusion av en frigörelse i det kapitalistiska systemet. Jag visar hur det misslyckade skrivandet blir en väg ut ur ett kapitalistiskt samhälle där subjektet strävar efter perfektion. / This essay examines how the love relationship is made in Märta Tikkanens Århundradets kärlekssaga and Ebba Witt-Brattströms Århundradets kärlekskrig. The aim for this study is to analyze how place, and the consumption of “the other” interact in the writing of a love relationship. I explore how a narcissistic, collapsed subject functions and how it is made in the poems. I discuss how and if experience-based writing maintains a capitalistic and narcissistic lovesystem where the subject commits violence on itself and others by determining an abstract and physical place. The book Eros Agoni by Byung-Chul Han discusses the atopic otherness in the love relationship and how the liberalistic and consuming subject exploit the other and itself. I analyze this theory of the other and how the love relationships function in the poems. I also discuss how the others lack of space and how the consuming gaze is made in the writing. In the fixing of place there is an aspect of power where a consuming gaze exploits the other by doing, and writing it.    In parallel with the analysis, I also problematize myself and my own writing and the fears that exist in a collapsed, narcissistic, writing subject. I show how the writer violates text and analysis, and how the determination of place is an illusion of liberation in the capitalist system. I show how failed writing can become a way out of a capitalist society where the subject strives for perfection.