Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:55:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MycarlaNRS_DISSERT.pdf: 3216830 bytes, checksum: 07e1141d9905a390774485aa58ed8641 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / For many decades the problematic raised about the indiscriminate use of pesticides in modern agriculture has incited the interest of many researchers to discover the effects caused by such products in the environment and consequently in the life of the ones which use that products (farmers) and those people who live in places next to the agricultural areas. Facing these facts, this research had the intention of comprehend the environmental perception of habitants of the Distrito Irrigado do Baixo-A?u (DIBA), located in the semiarid of Rio Grande do Norte, by using agro toxics and its possible environmental effects, as well as evaluate the levels of toxicity of waters from agricultural runoff in this region by using eco-toxicological exams with Ceriodaphnia silvestii. Were done 86 interviews with dwellers and farmers from DIBA. With the results reached in the evaluation of the interviews it was possible to identify that one of major problems is the inappropriate discard of empty packs of the pesticides used at that place. The samples collected for eco-toxicological evaluation showed a variation in its toxicity, once that the point of collect which receives waters from different cultures presented in four out of five samples toxicity for the tested species. Therefore, it concludes that the indiscriminate use of pesticides agricultural practice presented a potential to pollute to the irrigation waters, and the absence of elucidation by the farmers about the manipulation of these products contribute to the risk of environmental contamination and the possible decrease of the quality of life of the dwellers of the region / H? d?cadas a problem?tica levantada sobre o uso indiscriminado de pesticidas pela agricultura moderna tem despertado o interesse de muitos pesquisadores na busca dos efeitos causados por tais produtos no meio ambiente e, consequentemente na vida tanto daqueles que fazem uso destes produtos (agricultores) quanto aqueles indiv?duos que residem em regi?es pr?ximas a ?reas agr?colas. Diante disto, esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de compreender a percep??o ambiental de moradores do Distrito Irrigado do Baixo-A?u (DIBA), localizado no semi?rido norteriogradense, frente ao uso de agrot?xicos e seus poss?veis efeitos ambientais, bem como avaliar o grau de toxicidade de ?guas do escoamento agr?cola nesta regi?o atrav?s de testes ecotoxicolol?gicos com Ceriodaphnia silvestii. Um total de 86 entrevistas foi realizado com moradores e agricultores do DIBA. Com os resultados obtidos na avalia??o das entrevistas foi poss?vel identificar que um dos maiores problemas ? o descarte inadequado das embalagens vazias dos pesticidas utilizados no local. J? as amostras coletadas para avalia??o ecotoxicol?gica mostraram varia??o em sua toxicidade, sendo visto que o ponto de coleta que recebe ?guas de diferentes culturas apresentou em quatro das cinco amostras toxicidade para a esp?cie testada. Diante disto conclui-se que a utiliza??o indiscriminada de agrot?xicos pela pr?tica agr?cola apresentou potencial poluidor para ?guas de irriga??o, e que a falta de esclarecimento dos agricultores sobre a manipula??o destes produtos contribuem para o riso de contamina??o ambiental e poss?vel diminui??o da qualidade de vida dos moradores da regi?o

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-02-29T23:02:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoAngeloGurgelDaRocha_TESE.pdf: 6305095 bytes, checksum: 04ae66ce7ff9aa72c4e0ca1c58ed9d3d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-02T20:07:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoAngeloGurgelDaRocha_TESE.pdf: 6305095 bytes, checksum: 04ae66ce7ff9aa72c4e0ca1c58ed9d3d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-02T20:07:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoAngeloGurgelDaRocha_TESE.pdf: 6305095 bytes, checksum: 04ae66ce7ff9aa72c4e0ca1c58ed9d3d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Historicamente, o homem adquiriu de forma emp?rica conhecimentos acerca das aplica??es terap?uticas de elementos extra?dos do ambiente natural no qual se inseria. Tais conhecimentos ao longo do tempo culminaram na forma??o dos sistemas de medicina tradicional. Dentre os seus recursos, o uso de esp?cies vegetais bioativas ? as plantas medicinais - destaca-se pela sua efic?cia e alta aceita??o popular. Apesar de sua import?ncia para a sa?de coletiva, a popula??o ainda tem nas feiras livres a principal fonte para a aquisi??o das esp?cies que utiliza. Nestes espa?os, a comercializa??o de modo geral ocorre na informalidade e em condi??es desfavor?veis ? qualidade dos produtos e ? sustentabilidade financeira do neg?cio. Neste contexto, este estudo objetivou caracterizar os aspectos socioecon?micos, culturais e sanit?rios referentes ? comercializa??o de plantas medicinais em munic?pios de uma regi?o semi?rida do Rio Grande do Norte, al?m de propor legisla??o espec?fica ? atividade. Os dados socioecon?micos foram coletados por meio de entrevistas in loco guiadas por formul?rio estruturado. As observa??es acerca da adequa??o higi?nica e sanit?ria das instala??es f?sicas e pr?ticas empregadas nos pontos de comercializa??o/entorno foram conduzidas e registradas com uso de instrumento avaliativo desenvolvido para a aplica??o em feiras livres. A adequa??o das plantas medicinais ao consumo foi determinada atrav?s de an?lises microbiol?gicas. A atividade era exercida por indiv?duos pertencentes ? faixa et?ria entre 21 e 81 anos de idade, de baixo n?vel escolar e baixa renda, com predomin?ncia de indiv?duos do sexo masculino. Os dados apontaram uma tend?ncia ? extin??o da atividade em todos os munic?pios estudados. Observou-se em todas as feiras livres estudas inadequa??es higi?nicas e sanit?rias que caracterizavam isco sanit?rio muito alto, representando-se desta forma a elevada probabilidade da ocorr?ncia de surtos de Doen?as Transmitidas por Alimentos. Tais condi??es se refletiram nos elevados percentuais de inadequa??o das amostras de plantas medicinais analisadas ao consumo, ilustrando o risco potencial ? sa?de dos consumidores. Visando contribuir com a corre??o das inadequa??es higi?nicas e sanit?rias observadas nas feiras estudadas, foram realizadas a??es educativas voltadas ? capacita??o dos comerciantes em Boas Pr?ticas. De forma complementar, foi elaborada proposta de legisla??o espec?fica para a comercializa??o de produtos da medicina popular em feiras livres. Tais a??es, produtos e seus desdobramentos poder?o contribuir de forma significativa para a melhoria na qualidade dos produtos dispon?veis ? popula??o e para a preserva??o da atividade, potencialmente reduzindo os riscos ? sa?de p?blica. / Historically, man has empirically acquired knowledge about the therapeutic applications of extracted elements of the natural environment in which belonged. Such knowledge over time culminated in the formation of traditional health systems. Among its features, the use of bioactive plant species - medicinal plants - stands out for its efficiency and high popular acceptance. Despite its importance for public health, the population still has in the open-air fairs the main source for the acquisition of the species used. In these spaces, the trade generally occurs informally, under unfavorable conditions to the quality of the products and to the financial sustainability of the business. In this context, this study aimed to characterize the socioeconomic, cultural and sanitary aspects related to the trade of medicinal plants in municipalities of a semiarid region of Rio Grande do Norte, and additionally, proposing a specific legislation to the activity. Socioeconomic data were collected through on-site interviews, guided by structured form. The observations about the hygienic and sanitary adequacy of physical facilities and practices employed at the point of sale /environment were conducted and recorded with the use of assessment tool developed for use in open markets. The adequacy of medicinal plants to consumption was determined by microbiological analysis. The activity was carried out by individuals who are aged between 21 and 81 years of age, low educational level and low-income, predominantly males. The data showed a tendency to extinction of the activity in all the districts studied. It was observed in all the fairs studied hygiene and sanitation inadequacies that characterized very high health risk, representing in this way, the high probability of Food Transmitted Diseases outbreaks Such conditions were reflected in the high percentage of inadequacy to the consumption of the analyzed medicinal plants samples, illustrating the potential health risk to consumers. To contribute to the correction of hygiene and sanitation inadequacies observed in the studied open-air fairs, educational interventions were made to the training of traders in Good Practices. As a complement, was drafted a specific legislation for the marketing of folk medicine's products in open-air fairs. Such actions, products and its developments will contribute significantly to improving the quality of products available to the population and the preservation of activity, potentially reducing the risks to public health.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-10-11T23:01:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ErmetonDuarteDoNascimento_TESE.pdf: 7719427 bytes, checksum: b84ff037c2d66bf7a8b825c76b7b9db3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-10-18T00:19:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ErmetonDuarteDoNascimento_TESE.pdf: 7719427 bytes, checksum: b84ff037c2d66bf7a8b825c76b7b9db3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-18T00:19:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ErmetonDuarteDoNascimento_TESE.pdf: 7719427 bytes, checksum: b84ff037c2d66bf7a8b825c76b7b9db3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-29 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A resist?ncia aos antimicrobianos se transformou num s?rio problema de sa?de p?blica mundial e v?rios ambientes aqu?ticos se apresentam contaminados por esses microrganismos. Entretanto, n?o h? dados sobre esse fen?meno para o semi?rido brasileiro. Sendo assim, este estudo teve como objetivo o isolamento e a identifica??o das bact?rias de import?ncia m?dica contaminantes de ambientes qu?ticos no semi?rido potiguar, a caracteriza??o da resist?ncia antimicrobiana, e a formula??o de propostas para educa??o em sa?de e a??es para vigil?ncia ambiental em sa?de. Com este prop?sito foram coletadas amostras de ?gua de quatro reservat?rios do semi?rido potiguar durante os per?odos seco e chuvoso. As amostras foram processadas e os microrganismos foram isolados e identificados seguindo orienta??es de bibliografias especializadas. Em seguida foram realizados os testes de sensibilidade antimicrobiana em disco difus?o, calculado o ?ndice de m?ltipla resist?ncia antibi?tica (MAR) e classificados os organismos com multipla resist?ncia ?s drogas (MDR). Tamb?m foram propostas a??es para preven??o e educa??o em sa?de, bem como para vigil?ncia ambiental em sa?de. Adicionalmente, foi avaliada, na Universidade de Minnesota, nos Estados Unidos, a influ?ncia da concentra??o do f?sforo em meio l?quido (caldo nutriente, C:P 100:1, 1000:1 e 100.000:1) sobre a expres?o fenot?pica da resist?ncia ? tetraciclina, ao cloranfenicol e a eritromicina, de 41 cepas bacterianas dos Estados Unidos utilizando a t?cnica da Concentra??o Inibit?ria M?nima (CIM) e da Concentra??o Bactericida M?nima (CBM). Ao todo foram isoladas 168 bact?rias, 56% no per?odo chuvoso, com 97,6% pertecentes ao grupo das Gram-negativas, com a Fam?lia Enterobacteriaceae apresentando a maior preval?ncia entre esse grupo (73,2%). 95,3% das bact?rias resistentes aos antimicrobianos foram isoladas durante o per?odo seco e o ?ndice MAR foi maior no reservat?rio Passagem das Tra?ras, com 56% de chance para que as bact?rias encontradas na ?gua desse reservat?rio procedam de uma fonte de contamina??o com maior risco para a sa?de humana. N?o houve diferen?a estat?stica da ocorr?ncia de g?neros e esp?cies bacterianos entre os per?odos seco e chuvoso e nem entre os reservat?rios, com p=0,255. Tamb?m n?o houve diferen?a estat?stica do ?ndice MAR entre os per?odos e os reservat?rios, com p=0,224. Quando avaliada a CIM, o meio com C:P de 100.000:1, considerado com a menor concentra??o de f?sforo, parece aumentar a sensibilidade das bact?rias ao cloranfenicol e a eritromicina quando comparado aos resultados do caldo nutriente para os mesmos antimicrobianos, com um p=0,023. Nas escolas que atendem as comunidades ribeirinhas usu?rias da ?gua dos reservat?rios, s?o propostas a??es de educa??o em sa?de que visem o levantamento de concep??es sobre o conhecimento do uso dos antimicrobianos e do surgimento da resist?ncia bacteriana a essas drogas, bem como o desenvolvimento de material para educa??o em sa?de. E no n?cleo de Vigil?ncia Ambiental em Sa?de da SESAP, s?o propostas a inclus?o das bact?rias resistentes aos antimicrobianos isoladas de ambientes aqu?ticos como indicadores de risco para a sa?de p?blica, a formula??o de pol?ticas p?blicas visando o controle das atividades que contaminam esses recursos com esses organismos e tamb?m o monitoramento peri?dico da ?gua dos diversos ambientes aqu?ticos. / Bacterial resistance to antimicrobials became a serious public health problem around the world, and different aquatic environments are contaminated with these organisms. However, there is no data about this phenomenon in the Brazilian semiarid region. Therefore, this study had as main the isolation and identification of contaminant harmful bacteria of potiguar semiarid aquatic environments, characterization of antimicrobial resistance, development of proposals in health education and actions for environmental health surveillance. With this purpose were collected water samples from four potiguar semiarid reservoirs during dry and rainy season. Those samples were analyzed and microorganisms were isolated and identified following specialized literature orientation. Then antimicrobials susceptibility disk diffusion test were performed, Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index was calculated, and Multiple Drug Resistance (MDR) classification was used. Also were proposed actions for health prevention and education. In addiction, was evaluated, in Minnesota University/United States of America, the influence of phosphorus concentration in broth medium (Nutrient broth, 100:1, 1000:1 and 100.000:1 C:P ratio) over phenotypic resistance expression to tetracycline, chloramphenicol and erythromycin in 41 American aquatic bacterial strains by using Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) techniques. Altogether were isolated 168 bacteria from the Brazilian semiarid reservoirs, 56% in rainy season, with 97,6% from Gram-negative group, and 73,2% from Enterobacteriaceae Family. Ninety five point three percent of antimicrobial resistant bacteria were isolated during dry season and MAR index was higher for Passagem das Tra?ras reservoir, with 56% of chance that bacteria found in that reservoir has proceeded from high risk source of contamination for human health. There were no statistical differences of bacterial genera and species occurrence between dry and rainy season nor between reservoirs, with p=0,255. Also, there were no statistical differences in MAR index between seasons nor between reservoirs, with p=0,244. When MIC was evaluated, the 100.000:1 C:P ratio medium, considered the one with lower concentration of phosphorus, seemed to increase bacterial susceptibility to chloramphenicol and erythromycin when comparing to nutrient broth results for the same antimicrobials, with p=0,023. At schools that serve riverine communities water reservoirs user were proposed activities for health education aiming describe conceptions about antimicrobial use knowledge and the emergency of bacterial resistance to those drugs, as well as the development of materials for health education. At SESAP Environmental Health Surveillance group were proposed inclusion of antimicrobial resistant bacteria isolated in aquatic environments as indicator of risk for public health, as well as formulation of public policies to control activities that contaminate these sources with those organisms, and also the water periodic monitoring of several aquatic environments.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-07-03T12:22:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaCarolinaMarcalPiresFerreiraLucas_DISSERT.pdf: 2241069 bytes, checksum: cc1d053944af95b14551bddf9de6e962 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-05T15:51:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaCarolinaMarcalPiresFerreiraLucas_DISSERT.pdf: 2241069 bytes, checksum: cc1d053944af95b14551bddf9de6e962 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-05T15:51:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaCarolinaMarcalPiresFerreiraLucas_DISSERT.pdf: 2241069 bytes, checksum: cc1d053944af95b14551bddf9de6e962 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-31 / As Unidades de Terminais Aquavi?rios tem como fun??o principal receber, armazenar e distribuir petr?leo, derivados e combust?veis renov?veis l?quidos, garantindo o abastecimento dos mercados nacional e internacional. A grande movimenta??o log?stica gerada pela explora??o, beneficiamento, armazenagem, transporte e comercializa??o do petr?leo e seus derivados vem gerando preocupa??es relacionadas ? sua potencialidade de contamina??o do ambiente. Por causa dos in?meros acidentes com derramamento de combust?veis, os quais ocasionam contamina??es de solos e ?guas por hidrocarbonetos derivados de petr?leo, torna as pesquisas neste contexto um desafio para os profissionais que atuam na ?rea, em fun??o da complexidade de intera??es que ocorrem no solo e na ?gua. O Terminal, objeto de estudo, est? localizado na cidade de Natal-RN e ocupa uma ?rea de 110.000 m2. O estudo visa avaliar a contamina??o do solo e ?gua subterr?nea por derivados de petr?leo na bacia do tanque 1430-04, caracterizando a presen?a de subst?ncias com potencial de contamina??o atrav?s de dados obtidos pela coleta de amostras do solo e ?gua distribu?das para an?lise dos par?metros TPH fracionado, BTEX, VOC, SVOC e Metais. Como tamb?m, a an?lise dos par?metros f?sicos do solo (granulometria, porosidade total e efetiva, densidade de part?culas e total do solo, umidade natural) e fra??o de carbono org?nico. As an?lises qu?micas das amostras de solo n?o apresentaram concentra??es dos par?metros analisados (TPH, BTEX, VOC, SVOC e Metais). Nas amostras de ?gua subterr?neas foram detectadas concentra??es de benzeno, al?m de xilenos e TPH. Para os metais, foram detectados concentra??es de chumbo, al?m do ferro. J? para os metais dissolvidos apenas o chumbo apresentou concentra??es acima dos valores de investiga??o. Todos os resultados das an?lises qu?micas foram comparados com os valores da Resolu??o 420 do CONAMA de 2009. / The Aquavi?rios Terminal Unit's main function is to receive, store and distribute oil, oil products and liquid renewable fuels, ensuring the supply of domestic and international markets. The great logistic movement generated by the exploration, processing, storage, transportation and commercialization of oil and its derivatives has generated worries related to its potential contamination of the environment. Because of the numerous accidents with fuel spills, which cause contamination of soils and waters by oil-derived hydrocarbons, research in this context makes it a challenge for professionals working in the area, due to the complexity of interactions occurring in the soil and in the water. The Terminal, object of study, is located in the city of Natal-RN and occupies an area of 110,000 m2. The aim of this study is to evaluate soil and groundwater contamination by petroleum by-products in the 1430-04 basin, characterizing the presence of substances with potential contamination in soil and groundwater through the collection of soil and water samples for the analysis of TPH fractional parameters, BTEX, VOC, SVOC and metals. As well as the analysis of soil physical parameters (particle size, total and effective porosity, particle density and total soil, natural moisture) and organic carbon fraction. The chemical analyzes of soil samples did not present concentrations of the analyzed parameters (TPH, BTEX, VOC, SVOC and metals). Concentrations of benzene were detected in the groundwater samples, in addition to xylenes and TPH. For metals, concentrations of lead were detected in addition to iron. For dissolved metals, only lead had concentrations above the values investigated. All results of the chemical analyzes were compared with the values of CONAMA Resolution 420/2009.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-10-04T19:34:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 KelliaDeOliveiraBezerril_DISSERT.pdf: 5932090 bytes, checksum: 423ec312fe919813070b66476287b4af (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-10-10T22:26:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 KelliaDeOliveiraBezerril_DISSERT.pdf: 5932090 bytes, checksum: 423ec312fe919813070b66476287b4af (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-10T22:26:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KelliaDeOliveiraBezerril_DISSERT.pdf: 5932090 bytes, checksum: 423ec312fe919813070b66476287b4af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-04 / O crescimento desordenado da capital potiguar ocorrido a partir da d?cada de 1970 ocasionou s?rios problemas ambientais urbanos. Nesse contexto de r?pido incremento populacional, a constitui??o do Lix?o de Cidade Nova ampliou a problem?tica socioambiental por via da emiss?o elevada de chorume no solo culminando na contamina??o do len?ol fre?tico, o que trouxe s?rios problemas para a qualidade do abastecimento h?drico da popula??o. Desta forma, a presente pesquisa busca analisar a rela??o entre a contamina??o gerada pela deposi??o dos res?duos s?lidos no Lix?o de Cidade Nova por mais de tr?s d?cadas e o prec?rio esgotamento sanit?rio implantado nos bairros de Felipe Camar?o, Planalto e Guarapes. Foi feito levantamento bibliogr?fico para a discuss?o sobre esta rela??o entre urbaniza??o, problem?tica socioambiental e contamina??o de ?guas subterr?neas. Al?m disso, foi feito tamb?m um levantamento sobre a estrutura f?sica da ?rea de estudo, assim como das legisla??es relativas ? tem?tica. Ainda no plano metodol?gico, foi feita pesquisa de campo nos po?os destinados ao abastecimento h?drico P1 e P5 no bairro de Felipe Camar?o e P2 no bairro do Planalto no per?odo de maio de 2014 a maio de 2015. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que h? contamina??o das ?guas destinadas ao abastecimento humano nos referidos bairros, e que esta adv?m da inadequada deposi??o de res?duos s?lidos no solo, assim como da aus?ncia de um adequado esgotamento sanit?rio. A pesquisa apresenta como conclus?o a constata??o de latente necessidade de pol?ticas p?blicas que atenuem tais problemas no contexto socioambiental da ?rea estudada. / The uncontrolled growth of Natal occurred at the 1970s caused serious urban environmental problems. In this context, the establishment of the ?Cidade Nova? trash dump has expanded social and environmental problems by the high emission of contaminant itens on the soil, resulting in contamination of the water table, which brought serious problems for the quality of the water supply. This research aims to relate the pollution caused by the deposition of solid waste in ?Cidade Nova? trash dump for more than three decades and the precarious sanitation deployed in the districts of Felipe Camar?o, Planalto and Guarapes, with the consequent contamination of the wells of respective districts for human consumption. For this purpose, the literature was researched to the discussion about the relationship between urbanization, environmental issues and contamination of groundwater. Furthermore, was made a research about the physical structure of the study area, even as about the laws on the subject. About the methodology, a massive fieldwork was done in the wells for the water supply P1 and P5 at the Felipe Camar?o district, and P2 at Planalto, from May/2014 to May/2015. The survey results show that there are contamination of the water intended for human consumption in those districts, and that this stems from the improper disposal of solid waste in the soil, beyond the absence of adequate sanitation, concluding that there are a latent need for public policies that mitigate such problems in the socio-environmental context of this area of study.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-28T17:35:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Yusim? P?rez Lop?z.pdf: 5822047 bytes, checksum: 793648c4521da174315eeed1e9bc79dc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-28T17:35:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Yusim? P?rez Lop?z.pdf: 5822047 bytes, checksum: 793648c4521da174315eeed1e9bc79dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-27 / CAPES / Monitoring of potentially contaminated areas, it is necessary the knowledge of the natural levels of heavy metals and variability factors in soils. The proposition reference value for heavy metals is essential to establish criteria for sustainable use and management, preventing risks to the environment and human health. In this context, the objectives of this research were to determine the quality reference values of heavy metals to soils representative of Artemisa and Mayabeque provinces; evaluating, by sequential extraction, the potential under natural conditions, bioavailability and mobility of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Cr, Cd, Zn, Ni, Fe and Mn), and study the variability factors of these elements in the grazing areas in Alturas Nazareno-Mayabeque region. For the establishment of reference values, we selected 11 soil types, with minimal human disturbance, and collected soil samples from depths of 0-20 and 20-40 cm. In Alturas de Nazareno area soil samples were collected and representative plant in 45 points of grazing areas. To determine the contents pseudototais was used extraction with aqua regia according to ISO 11466 and ISO / DIS 12914 (2012). The geochemical fractionation was carried out by BCR (Community Bureau of Reference) evaluating the distribution of metals in four chemical fractions. Plants in metal contents were obtained by digestion seconds EPA 3052. Later, the data were analyzed by multivariate procedures: principal component analysis (PCA); cluster analysis and discriminant. For the representative soils of the provinces of Mayabeque and Artemisa the results indicated elevated associations between the levels of pseudototais metals (Ni, Cr, Mn, Cu and Zn) and bioavailable with Fe, H+Al, clay and pH. The samples were separated in four groups to better express the variability. Group 1 was characterized by lower concentrations of Ni and Cr and intermediate Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd. The group 2 showed intermediate values of Ni, Cr, Cu and Zn and lower Pb and Cd. Group 3 showed the highest levels of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd and intermediate Ni and Cr and the group 4 showed very high contents of Ni and Cr and minor Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd. The heavy metals Cu, Pb, Cr, Cd, Zn, Ni, Fe and Mn in 11 soil types, had a strong association with the residual fraction (F4), mainly in soils with high levels of Fe. There was a low association with the fractions more labile F1 and F2 demonstrating lithogenic origin of these. Chemical attributes that most influence the speciation of metals in representative soils were: pH, Ca, Fe, Mn, H + Al and Mg. To study the variability factors in Nazareth height region, high correlations were observed between metals and especially with Fe and clay. The separation into two groups allowed for distribution within the most homogeneous groups, with Group 2 the highest risk. The Sporobollus indicus species (L) was a good indicator to study the transfer of heavy metals in plants. / No monitoramento de ?reas potencialmente contaminadas, faz-se necess?rio o conhecimento dos teores naturais de metais pesados e dos fatores de variabilidade em solos. A proposi??o de valores de refer?ncia para metais pesados ? fundamental para estabelecer crit?rios de uso e manejo sustent?vel, prevenindo riscos ao meio ambiente e ? sa?de humana. Neste contexto, os objetivos desta pesquisa foram: determinaros valores de refer?ncia de qualidade de metais pesados para solos representativos das prov?ncias Mayabeque e Artemisa; avaliar, mediante extra??o sequencial, o potencial, em condi??es naturais, de biodisponibilidade e mobilidade de metais pesados (Cu, Pb, Cr, Cd, Zn, Ni, Fe e Mn), e estudar os fatores de variabilidade desses elementos nas ?reas de pastagem na regi?o de Alturas de Nazareno-Mayabeque. Para o estabelecimento dos valores de refer?ncia, foram selecionados 11 tipos de solos, com m?nima perturba??o antr?pica, e coletadas amostras de terra nas profundidades 0-20 e 20-40 cm. Na regi?o de Alturas de Nazareno foram coletadas amostras de solo e planta representativas em 45 pontos de ?reas de pastagem. Para a determina??o dos teores pseudototaisfoi utilizada a extra??o com ?gua r?gia, conforme a ISO 11466 e a Norma ISO/DIS 12914, (2012). Ofracionamento geoqu?mico foi realizado pelo m?todo BCR (Community Bureau of Reference) avaliando-se a distribui??o de metais em quatro fra??es qu?micas. Os teores de metais em plantas foram obtidos atrav?s de digest?o segundo EPA 3052. Posteriormente, os dados foram tratados por procedimentos multivariados: an?lises de componentes principais (ACP); an?lise de agrupamento, e discriminante. Para os solos representativos das prov?ncias de Mayabeque e Artemisa os resultados indicaram associa??es elevadas entre os teores de metais pseudototais (Ni, Cr, Mn, Cu e Zn) e biodispon?veis com os teores de Fe, H+Al, argila e pH. As amostras foram separadas em quatro grupos para expressar melhor a variabilidade. O grupo 1, foi caracterizado pelas menores concentra??es de Ni e Cr e intermedi?rias de Cu, Zn, Pb e Cd. O grupo 2, apresentava valores intermedi?rios de Ni, Cr, Cu e Zn e menores de Pb e Cd. O grupo 3 mostrou os teores mais elevados de Cu, Zn, Pb e Cd e intermedi?rios de Ni e Cr e o grupo 4 apresentouconte?dos muito elevados de Ni e Cr e os menores teores de Cu, Zn, Pb e Cd. Os metais pesados Cu, Pb, Cr, Cd, Zn, Ni, Fe e Mn, nos 11 tipos de solos, tiveram uma elevada associa??o com a fra??o residual (F4), principalmente, nos solos com teores mais elevados de Fe. Verificou-se uma baixa associa??o com as fra??es mais l?beis F1 e F2 demonstrando a origem litog?nica dos mesmos. Os atributos qu?micos que mais influenciaram na especia??o dos metais nos solos representativos foram: pH, Ca, Fe, Mn, H+Al e Mg.Para o estudo dos fatores de variabilidade, na regi?o de Altura de Nazareno,foram verificadas correla??es elevadas entre os metais e, principalmente, com o Fe e argila. A separa??o em dois grupos permitiu uma distribui??o dentro dos grupos mais homog?nea, sendo o grupo 2 o de maior risco.A esp?cie Sporobollus indicus (L) foi um bom indicador para estudar a transfer?ncia de metais pesados nas plantas.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2017-10-17T21:25:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o_Janderson_Versao_Final.pdf: 7521820 bytes, checksum: 18fa39470356e8c8276a28e568152e4c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-17T21:25:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o_Janderson_Versao_Final.pdf: 7521820 bytes, checksum: 18fa39470356e8c8276a28e568152e4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-31 / Water is essential for the maintenance of life, however, environmental pollution has been causing the loss of the quality of water resources, affecting not only the life of living beings. The reservoirs represent the main source of water to supply the demands of the Brazilian Northeast. However, the quality of stored water has suffered from the effects of anthropic activities makes it compromised for human consumption, animal and for irrigation. In this context, the present work aimed to elaborate a case study on water quality in semi-arid regions, not for human consumption, specifically in the Sisal Identity Territory, having as main study area the main public dams in the municipality of Teofil?ndia-BA. In order to meet the proposed objective, a mapping of the main water bodies of the municipality of Teofil?ndia-BA was carried out, using images from Landsat 8 satellite, OLI sensor of 2014, orbit 216/68 by supervised classification. Subsequently, fieldwork was carried out consisting of three (3) campaigns for the collection of surface water, occurring in the period of May (pre-rain), June (post-rain) and November (dry). The physico-chemical parameters and metals analyzed were: Temperature, Salinity, Chloride, pH, OD, BOD, COD, Turbidity, Temotolerant Coliforms, Cadmium, Lead, Copper, Chromium, Manganese, Nickel and were compared with the standards established by Resolution N? 357 / 2005 of the National Environmental Council - CONAMA. In the evaluation of the results of the Land Use Use map, it was verified that the agricultural culture class predominates in the region with about 44,46%, permanent agriculture (agave) covers 10,72%. The area used with the vegetation (caatinga) is representative, totaling 17,15%. The exposed soil class represents 6,64% and 8,82% of the shade classes. The identifiable water bodies in the satellite image represent 0,16% and 12,05% of urban area. The accuracy of the mapping for the water bodies, provided by the Tau index, was 0,70. Regarding the results of the water quality evaluation of the three public dams located near the urban perimeter in the municipality of Teofil?ndia-BA during the three campaigns, it was possible to observe that the concentrations of Chloride, Electrical Conductivity, OD, BOD, COD and Thermotolerant Coliforms presented Variations that exceeded the limits established by current legislation. As for the evaluated metals, only Cd was not detected at any point and sampled period. There were no, in their greatest majority, correlation between the variable studies. In the pre-rain period the trend of contamination in the water followed the decreasing order: Ni> Pb> Mn> Cr, in the post-rain: Ni> Pb> Mn> Zn and not dry: Ni> Pb> Cu> Zn. From the data presented, it can be inferred that the main source of pollution of the waters of the dams is derived from anthropogenic origin, mainly by agricultural activities and insufficient sewage network. / A ?gua ? essencial para a manuten??o da vida, entretanto, a polui??o ambiental vem causando a perda da qualidade dos recursos h?dricos, afetando n?o apenas a vida dos seres vivos. Os a?udes representam a principal fonte de ?gua para suprir as demandas no semi?rido do nordeste brasileiro. No entanto, a qualidade da ?gua armazenada tem sofrido os efeitos provenientes das atividades antr?picas tornando-a comprometida para o consumo humano, animal e para irriga??o. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho elaborou um estudo de caso sobre a qualidade da ?gua, n?o para suprimento humano, em regi?es semi?ridas, especificamente no Territ?rio de Identidade do Sisal, tendo como ?rea de estudo os principais a?udes p?blicos no munic?pio de Teofil?ndia-BA. Para atender o objetivo proposto foi realizado um mapeamento dos principais corpos de ?gua do munic?pio de Teofil?ndia-BA, utilizando imagens do sat?lite Landsat 8, sensor OLI do ano de 2014, ?rbita 216/68 por meio da classifica??o supervisionada. Posteriormente foram realizados trabalhos de campo constando de 3 (tr?s) campanhas de coleta de ?guas superficiais, ocorridas no per?odo de maio (pr?-chuva), junho (p?s-chuva) e novembro (seco). Os par?metros f?sico-qu?micos e metais analisados foram: Temperatura, Salinidade, Cloreto, pH, OD, DBO, DQO, Turbidez, Coliformes Termotolerantes, cadmio, chumbo, cromo, cobre, mangan?s, n?quel e zinco foram comparados com os padr?es estabelecidos pela Resolu??o N? 357/2005 do Conselho Nacional de Meio Ambiente ? CONAMA. Na avalia??o dos resultados do mapa de Uso Ocupa??o do Solo verificou-se que a classe da cultura agropecu?ria predomina na regi?o com cerca de 44,46%, a agricultura permanente (agave) abrange, 10,72%. A ?rea utilizada com a vegeta??o (caatinga) ? representativa totalizando 17,15%. A classe solo exposto representa, 6,64% e 8,82% das classes sombras. Os corpos d??gua identific?veis na imagem de sat?lite representam 0,16% e 12,05% de ?rea urbana. A acur?cia do mapeamento para os corpos d??gua, fornecida pelo ?ndice Tau, foi de 0,70. Com rela??o ao resultado da avalia??o da qualidade da ?gua dos tr?s a?udes p?blicos localizados pr?ximo ao per?metro urbano no munic?pio de Teofil?ndia-BA durante as tr?s campanhas, foi poss?vel observar que as concentra??es de Cloreto, Condutividade El?trica, OD, DBO, DQO e Coliformes Termotolerantes apresentaram varia??es de valores que excederam os limites estabelecidos pela legisla??o vigente. Quanto aos metais avaliados somente o Cd n?o foi detectado em nenhum dos pontos e per?odos amostrados. N?o houve, em sua grande maioria, correla??o entre as vari?veis estudadas. No per?odo pr?-chuva a tend?ncia de contamina??o na ?gua seguiu a ordem decrescente: Ni>Pb>Mn>Cr, no p?s-chuva: Ni>Pb>Mn>Zn e no seco: Ni>Pb>Cu>Zn. A partir dos dados apresentados, pode-se inferir que a principal fonte poluidora das ?guas dos a?udes ? proveniente de origem antropog?nica, principalmente por atividades agropecu?rias e insufici?ncia de uma rede de esgotamento sanit?rio.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2018-04-10T23:17:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o_Janderson_Versao_Final.pdf: 7521820 bytes, checksum: 18fa39470356e8c8276a28e568152e4c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-10T23:17:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o_Janderson_Versao_Final.pdf: 7521820 bytes, checksum: 18fa39470356e8c8276a28e568152e4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-31 / Water is essential for the maintenance of life, however, environmental pollution has been causing the loss of the quality of water resources, affecting not only the life of living beings. The reservoirs represent the main source of water to supply the demands of the Brazilian Northeast. However, the quality of stored water has suffered from the effects of anthropic activities makes it compromised for human consumption, animal and for irrigation. In this context, the present work aimed to elaborate a case study on water quality in semi-arid regions, not for human consumption, specifically in the Sisal Identity Territory, having as main study area the main public dams in the municipality of Teofil?ndia-BA. In order to meet the proposed objective, a mapping of the main water bodies of the municipality of Teofil?ndia-BA was carried out, using images from Landsat 8 satellite, OLI sensor of 2014, orbit 216/68 by supervised classification. Subsequently, fieldwork was carried out consisting of three (3) campaigns for the collection of surface water, occurring in the period of May (pre-rain), June (post-rain) and November (dry). The physico-chemical parameters and metals analyzed were: Temperature, Salinity, Chloride, pH, OD, BOD, COD, Turbidity, Temotolerant Coliforms, Cadmium, Lead, Copper, Chromium, Manganese, Nickel and were compared with the standards established by Resolution N? 357 / 2005 of the National Environmental Council - CONAMA. In the evaluation of the results of the Land Use Use map, it was verified that the agricultural culture class predominates in the region with about 44,46%, permanent agriculture (agave) covers 10,72%. The area used with the vegetation (caatinga) is representative, totaling 17,15%. The exposed soil class represents 6,64% and 8,82% of the shade classes. The identifiable water bodies in the satellite image represent 0,16% and 12,05% of urban area. The accuracy of the mapping for the water bodies, provided by the Tau index, was 0,70. Regarding the results of the water quality evaluation of the three public dams located near the urban perimeter in the municipality of Teofil?ndia-BA during the three campaigns, it was possible to observe that the concentrations of Chloride, Electrical Conductivity, OD, BOD, COD and Thermotolerant Coliforms presented Variations that exceeded the limits established by current legislation. As for the evaluated metals, only Cd was not detected at any point and sampled period. There were no, in their greatest majority, correlation between the variable studies. In the pre-rain period the trend of contamination in the water followed the decreasing order: Ni> Pb> Mn> Cr, in the post-rain: Ni> Pb> Mn> Zn and not dry: Ni> Pb> Cu> Zn. From the data presented, it can be inferred that the main source of pollution of the waters of the dams is derived from anthropogenic origin, mainly by agricultural activities and insufficient sewage network. / A ?gua ? essencial para a manuten??o da vida, entretanto, a polui??o ambiental vem causando a perda da qualidade dos recursos h?dricos, afetando n?o apenas a vida dos seres vivos. Os a?udes representam a principal fonte de ?gua para suprir as demandas no semi?rido do nordeste brasileiro. No entanto, a qualidade da ?gua armazenada tem sofrido os efeitos provenientes das atividades antr?picas tornando-a comprometida para o consumo humano, animal e para irriga??o. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho elaborou um estudo de caso sobre a qualidade da ?gua, n?o para suprimento humano, em regi?es semi?ridas, especificamente no Territ?rio de Identidade do Sisal, tendo como ?rea de estudo os principais a?udes p?blicos no munic?pio de Teofil?ndia-BA. Para atender o objetivo proposto foi realizado um mapeamento dos principais corpos de ?gua do munic?pio de Teofil?ndia-BA, utilizando imagens do sat?lite Landsat 8, sensor OLI do ano de 2014, ?rbita 216/68 por meio da classifica??o supervisionada. Posteriormente foram realizados trabalhos de campo constando de 3 (tr?s) campanhas de coleta de ?guas superficiais, ocorridas no per?odo de maio (pr?-chuva), junho (p?s-chuva) e novembro (seco). Os par?metros f?sico-qu?micos e metais analisados foram: Temperatura, Salinidade, Cloreto, pH, OD, DBO, DQO, Turbidez, Coliformes Termotolerantes, cadmio, chumbo, cromo, cobre, mangan?s, n?quel e zinco foram comparados com os padr?es estabelecidos pela Resolu??o N? 357/2005 do Conselho Nacional de Meio Ambiente ? CONAMA. Na avalia??o dos resultados do mapa de Uso Ocupa??o do Solo verificou-se que a classe da cultura agropecu?ria predomina na regi?o com cerca de 44,46%, a agricultura permanente (agave) abrange, 10,72%. A ?rea utilizada com a vegeta??o (caatinga) ? representativa totalizando 17,15%. A classe solo exposto representa, 6,64% e 8,82% das classes sombras. Os corpos d??gua identific?veis na imagem de sat?lite representam 0,16% e 12,05% de ?rea urbana. A acur?cia do mapeamento para os corpos d??gua, fornecida pelo ?ndice Tau, foi de 0,70. Com rela??o ao resultado da avalia??o da qualidade da ?gua dos tr?s a?udes p?blicos localizados pr?ximo ao per?metro urbano no munic?pio de Teofil?ndia-BA durante as tr?s campanhas, foi poss?vel observar que as concentra??es de Cloreto, Condutividade El?trica, OD, DBO, DQO e Coliformes Termotolerantes apresentaram varia??es de valores que excederam os limites estabelecidos pela legisla??o vigente. Quanto aos metais avaliados somente o Cd n?o foi detectado em nenhum dos pontos e per?odos amostrados. N?o houve, em sua grande maioria, correla??o entre as vari?veis estudadas. No per?odo pr?-chuva a tend?ncia de contamina??o na ?gua seguiu a ordem decrescente: Ni>Pb>Mn>Cr, no p?s-chuva: Ni>Pb>Mn>Zn e no seco: Ni>Pb>Cu>Zn. A partir dos dados apresentados, pode-se inferir que a principal fonte poluidora das ?guas dos a?udes ? proveniente de origem antropog?nica, principalmente por atividades agropecu?rias e insufici?ncia de uma rede de esgotamento sanit?rio.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-01-04T11:32:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Felipe Machado Trombete.pdf: 1613295 bytes, checksum: 957f0b025def400e446f7c3176c76b4c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-04T11:32:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Felipe Machado Trombete.pdf: 1613295 bytes, checksum: 957f0b025def400e446f7c3176c76b4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Mycotoxins are natural contaminants produced by filamentous fungi and they are widely present in food. In wheat grains, the presence of trichothecenes produced by Fusarium spp. and also aflatoxins, produced by Aspergillus spp. are a serious public health problem because they are toxic metabolites to man and animals that remain stable during the industrial processes to which wheat is subjected when manufacturing derived products. One way to reduce such contaminants is to use ozone (O3) in food processing. Due to its high potential as an oxidant, O3 may react with mycotoxins and reduce their toxicity due to molecular degradation. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of different conditions of ozonation on the i) reduction in mycotoxins levels (deoxynivalenol and total aflatoxins); ii): reduction in total fungal count; iii) the effects on chemical, mineral and technological profiles and; iv) the possible differences sensorial profile of the flour obtained from the ozonized grains. In a second phase of this project, a methodology for determination of D3G (deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside), a masked form of DON, using High Performance Liquid Chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA) was optimized and in-house validated. Results obtained from ozonation study showed that O3 reduced total fungal count in approximately 3.0 cycles log CFU/g of wheat grain and deoxynivalenol and total aflatoxins contamination up to 64.3% and 48.0%, respectively. The gaseous ozonation can be applied without negatively changing the chemical, technological and sensory characteristics of the grains and can be considered an excellent method for remediation of fungal and mycotoxin contaminations. Also, the method optimized and in-house validated for determination of D3G by HPLC-PDA showed adequate results and, it could be considered an alternative to mass spectrometry determination of D3G in wheat grains. / Micotoxinas s?o contaminantes naturais, produzidos por fungos filamentosos e, podem ocorrer em altos n?veis nos alimentos. Nos gr?os de trigo, a presen?a de tricotecenos, um grupo de micotoxinas produzidas por Fusarium spp. e, aflatoxinas, produzidas por Aspergillus spp., representam um importante problema de sa?de p?blica por serem t?xicas ao homem e animais e muito est?veis aos processos no qual o trigo ? submetido para obten??o de produtos industrializados. Uma forma de reduzir a contamina??o dos alimentos por micotoxinas ? atrav?s do uso do oz?nio (O3) no processamento do alimento. Devido ao alto potencial oxidante do O3, esse pode degradar as mol?culas das micotoxinas, tendo como consequ?ncia a elimina??o ou redu??o de seus efeitos t?xicos. Essa pesquisa teve como objetivos principais avaliar os efeitos de diferentes condi??es de ozoniza??o na i) redu??o de micotoxinas (desoxinivalenol e aflatoxinas) em gr?os de trigo; ii) redu??o nos n?veis de fungos filamentosos; iii) influ?ncia nos par?metros qu?micos, perfil de minerais e par?metros tecnol?gico dos gr?os e da farinha obtida ap?s o processamento e; iv) influ?ncia nas caracter?sticas sensoriais da farinha elaborada a partir dos gr?os ozonizados. Em uma segunda etapa do projeto, um m?todo para determina??o de uma forma modificada do desoxinivalenol (DON), o desoxinivalenol-3-glicos?deo (D3G) foi otimizada e validada intralaboratorialmente, utilizando cromatografia l?quida de alta efici?ncia com detector de arranjo de diodos (CLAE-DAD). Os resultados obtidos dos ensaios de ozoniza??o demonstraram que o O3, nas condi??es experimentais utilizadas, reduziu a contagem de fungos totais em cerca 3,0 logs UFC/g de gr?os e a contamina??o por desoxinivalenol e aflatoxinas totais em at? 64,3 % e 48,0 %, respectivamente. O processo de ozoniza??o n?o influenciou de modo negativo a qualidade qu?mica, tecnol?gica e sensorial dos gr?os de trigo, podendo ser utilizado como um excelente m?todo para remedia??o da contamina??o dos gr?os por fungos e micotoxinas. Resultados adequados tamb?m foram obtidos na valida??o do m?todo de determina??o de D3G por CLAE-DAD, demonstrando que o m?todo ? confi?vel para a determina??o dessa forma mascarada do DON em gr?os e trigo e, pode ser utilizado como um m?todo alternativo a espectrometria de massas para tal an?lise.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-12-18T18:25:58Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) mariana_generoso_ferreira.pdf: 1487910 bytes, checksum: 5d8038ca69034b764ba796a3a18d0907 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-01-03T17:13:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) mariana_generoso_ferreira.pdf: 1487910 bytes, checksum: 5d8038ca69034b764ba796a3a18d0907 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-03T17:13:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) mariana_generoso_ferreira.pdf: 1487910 bytes, checksum: 5d8038ca69034b764ba796a3a18d0907 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / O agricultor deve adequar-se ?s exig?ncias da nova legisla??o ambiental brasileira, quanto ? recupera??o de ?reas de preserva??o permanente e reserva legal. Um dos problemas que o produtor pode enfrentar ? a recupera??o de ?reas degradadas, que podem conter, entre outros contaminantes, res?duos de herbicidas. O 2,4-D e picloram s?o herbicidas hormonais mimetizadores de auxina. Entre os grupos vegetais, as esp?cies das matas ciliares t?m sido pouco relatadas quanto aos efeitos de res?duos desses herbicidas no ambiente. As an?lises micromorfol?gicas e micromorfom?tricas s?o ferramentas importantes no aux?lio do diagn?stico precoce da inj?ria, visto que modifica??es vis?veis podem aparecer em fase tardia da intoxica??o. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o desenvolvimento inicial de dez esp?cies arb?reas em substrato com res?duos da mistura de herbicidas 2,4-D+picloram e verificar os efeitos nas modifica??es anat?micas foliares de Mabea fistulifera e Zeyheria tuberculosa. Em delineamento em blocos ao acaso com tr?s repeti??es, foram distribu?dos 40 tratamentos em esquema fatorial 4x10. O primeiro fator foi composto por quatro doses da mistura comercial de 2,4-D+picloram correspondentes a 0,00; 0,166; 0,333 e 0,666 g ha-1 (Tordon?, contendo 240 g de 2,4-D e 64 g de picloram por litro). O segundo fator foi composto por dez esp?cies arb?reas: Machaerium opacum Vogel, Machaerium nyctitans (Vell.) Benth., Cassia ferruginea (Schrad.) Schrad. ex DC., Senna macranthera (DC. ex. Collad.) H.S. Irwin e Barnaby, Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.), Brenan, Senegalia polyphylla (DC.) Britton e Rose, Piptadenia gonoacantha (Mart.) J.F. Macbr., Dalbergia villosa (Benth.) Benth., Mabea fistulifera Mart. e Zeyheria tuberculosa (Vell) Bureau ex Verl. Avalia??es morfol?gicas e anat?micas em plantas jovens foram realizadas conforme a metodologia padr?o. Para as vari?veis morfol?gicas das dez esp?cies arb?reas foram avaliados: intoxica??o, sobreviv?ncia, altura das pl?ntulas, n?mero de folhas, ?rea foliar, massa seca da parte a?rea e da raiz, di?metro do caule, o volume da raiz, o ?ndice de velocidade de emerg?ncia e a emerg?ncia. Por meio de avalia??es micromorfom?tricas foram medidas, na sec??o transversal das folhas de Mabea fistulifera e Zeyheria tuberculosa, a espessura dos tecidos, a epiderme adaxial e abaxial, par?nquima pali??dico e lacunoso, al?m da l?mina total. Para a ?rea foliar foram realizadas fotografias das folhas e mensuradas com aux?lio do software Image K. As esp?cies arb?reas sobreviveram ? aplica??o do produto, com varia??o na sensibilidade. Os res?duos da mistura dos herbicidas prejudicaram a maioria das esp?cies testadas em rela??o ?s avalia??es do desenvolvimento inicial. M. fistulifera, P. gonoacantha e Z. tuberculosa apresentaram maior toler?ncia ? mistura de herbicidas. Em rela??o ? anatomia e ?rea foliar, de maneira geral, a esp?cie Z. tuberculosa foi afetada negativamente pelos herbicidas. M. fistulifera se mostrou mais tolerante ? presen?a dos contaminantes. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / The farmer must adapt to the requirements of the new brazilian environmental legislation, regarding the recovery of permanent preservation areas and legal reserve. One of the problems that the producer may face is the recovery of degraded areas, which may contain, among other contaminants, herbicide residues. 2,4-D and picloram are auxin mimicking hormonal herbicides. Among the plant groups, the species of the riparian forests have been little reported as to the effects of residues of these herbicides on the environment. Micromorphological and micromorphometric analyzes are important tools to aid in the early diagnosis of injury, since visible changes may appear in the later stages of intoxication. The objective of this work was to evaluate the initial development of ten substrate tree species with residues from of the 2,4-D + picloram herbicide mixture and to verify the effects on the anatomical modifications of Mabea fistulifera and Zeyheria tuberculosa. In a randomized block design with three replicates, 40 treatments were distributed in a 4x10 factorial scheme. The first factor was composed of four doses of the commercial mixture of 2,4-D + picloram corresponding to 0,00; 0,166; 0,336 and 0,666 g ha-1 (Tordon?, containing 240 g of 2,4-D and 64 g of picloram per liter). The second factor was composed of ten tree species: Machaerium opacum Vogel, Machaerium nyctitans (Vell.) Benth., Cassia ferruginea (Schrad.) Schrad. ex DC., Senna macranthera (DC. ex. Collad.) H.S. Irwin e Barnaby, Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.), Brenan, Senegalia polyphylla (DC.) Britton e Rose, Piptadenia gonoacantha (Mart.) J.F. Macbr., Dalbergia villosa (Benth.) Benth., Mabea fistulifera Mart. and Zeyheria tuberculosa (Vell) Bureau ex Verl. Morphological and anatomical evaluations in young plants were performed according to the standard methodology. For the morphological variables of the ten tree species were evaluated: intoxication, survival, seedling height, number of leaves, leaf area, dry mass of shoot and root, stem diameter, root volume, emergency speed index and emergency. Through micromorphometric evaluations, tissue thickness, adaxial and abaxial epidermis, pali?adic and lacunacetic parenchyma were measured, in the cross section of the leaves of Mabea fistulifera and Zeyheria tuberculosa, in addition to the total lamina. For leaf area, leaf photographs were taken and measured using Image K software. Tree species survived the application of the product, with variation in sensitivity. Residues of the herbicide mixture adversely affected most of the tested species in relation to initial developmental assessments. M. fistulifera, P. gonoacantha and Z. tuberculosa presented greater tolerance to the herbicide mixture. In relation to the anatomy and leaf area, in general, the species Z. tuberculosa was negatively affected by the herbicides. M. fistulifera was more tolerant to the presence of contaminants.