Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:10:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 andre r.pdf: 1881314 bytes, checksum: 8bfa1b9113c7b9b78eaa4174e3caecbb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-27 / The objective of this work is to examine how can develop a methodological procedure for changing the structure of items to pack in a Manufacturing Enterprise Electronics Sector for improving the local reality systems already in use. For this it is necessary to characterize the Management of Product Data - PDM (Product Data Management), using the "Factory", to identify the views of employees in the sectors of engineering, procurement and materials on the use and operation of the PDM and to demonstrate opportunity and feasibility of modifying the structure of packaging items in the "Factory", aimed at improvements in the production process with emphasis on integrating design and manufacturing process. As regards methodology, it is a case study and documentary research was performed in the "Factory", Unit Manaus. The subjects were 20 (twenty) employees who work in the departments of engineering, procurement and materials. The criterion for inclusion in the study was the use of PDM. This paper presents a methodological procedure for the approval cycle for modification of structure in items of packaging more effective. Among the survey results may be noted that with the implementation of this methodological procedure and with the permission of access for creating documentation structure change ECN / IN the PDM system, the engineering team of product can only relate to plant Manaus to perform the modification, thus reducing the cycle of requests approval. In addition, the engineering team of local produce, modify and / or adjust the product structure to meet local regulations (PPB / ZFM), or even take an idea from the suggestion program of continuous improvement, seeking to increase in the efficiency of processes in the "Factory" as well as meeting the needs of clients (operators) to make better use of the product supplied, in this case, the items packing cell phone. / O objetivo geral deste trabalho é analisar de que forma pode-se desenvolver um procedimento metodológico para modificação de estrutura de itens de embalagem em uma Empresa Manufatureira do Setor Eletroeletrônico aperfeiçoando para a realidade local sistemas já utilizados. Para isso faz-se necessário: caracterizar o Gerenciamento de Dados de Produto - PDM (Product Data Management) utilizado na Fábrica ; identificar a visão dos colaboradores dos setores de engenharia, compras e materiais sobre a utilização e funcionamento do PDM e demonstrar a oportunidade e viabilidade de modificação de estrutura de itens de embalagem na Fábrica , visando melhorias no processo de produção dando ênfase a integração projeto e processo de manufatura. No que se refere à metodologia, trata-se de um estudo de caso e uma pesquisa documental que foram realizadas na Fábrica , Unidade Manaus. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram 20 (vinte) colaboradores que trabalham nos departamentos de engenharia, compras e materiais. O critério utilizado de inclusão na pesquisa foi a utilização do PDM. Neste trabalho é apresentado um procedimento metodológico para o ciclo de aprovação de modificação de estrutura nos itens de embalagens mais eficaz. Dentre os resultados da pesquisa, pode-se destacar que, com a implantação deste procedimento metodológico e com a permissão do acesso para criação de documentação de modificação de estrutura ECN/IN no sistema PDM, o time de engenharia de produto pode relacionar apenas a fábrica de Manaus para executar a modificação, diminuindo assim o ciclo de aprovação das solicitações. Além disso, o time de engenharia de produto local, pode modificar e/ou adequar as estruturas de produto para atender a legislação local (PPB/ZFM), ou até mesmo, atender uma idéia proveniente do programa de sugestão de melhoria contínua, procurando aumentar consideravelmente a eficiência dos processos na Fábrica , bem como atendendo às necessidades dos clientes (operadoras) para um melhor aproveitamento do produto fornecido, neste caso, os itens de embalagem de telefone celular.

Purpose To investigate under which conditions SCD’s work with implementing a lean mindset and behaviour at key suppliers is successful. To help fulfilling the purpose this thesis aims to answer the question: What affects how the production unit of a Scania key supplier adopts a lean mindset and behaviour with focus on continuous improvements? Methodology An exploratory multiple case study with a qualitative data analysis and inductive approach. The cases consist of five Swedish first-tier suppliers to Scania CV AB, and a pilot case study conducted at Scania, Södertälje. Result The case study resulted in a categorisation of suppliers into three groups based on their characteristics and ability to adopt a lean mindset and behaviour: Group I:  Lack of direction, inconsistent management culture, no deeper understanding or interest in lean, no involvement or responsibility of operators in improvement work, a tendency to copy tools and methods given by external help directly into the organisation. Group II:  Strong sense of direction, strong management culture, a personal interest in lean and improvements, an “us and them” culture between managers and operators, and a strong sense to develop tools and working methods in-house and be very restrictive with applying external thoughts in the organisation. Group III: Clear long-term direction; primarily evident among managers, clear targets on an operational level to guide the rest of the organisation, a supportive management culture, an expectation on operators to perform improvement work, and openness to external help but a strong sense of filtering and adapting to the own organisation. Conclusion Our conclusion is that SCD is variously successful due to that the same approach has been used despite different needs of the suppliers. The recommendation is to analyse suppliers with tools provided in this research and adapt the development approach to specific supplier needs: Group I: No prioritisation of long-term development of this group. Group II: Provide guiding from experience to management team, focus workshop on operators and their nearest contact points. Group III: Provide possible solutions to specific problems.

Syftet med arbetet är att kartlägga och att finna möjligheter till förbättringar i projektflödet. Arbetet berör de delar av företaget som befinner sig i ett tidigt skede av projektflödet eftersom ändringar i dessa skeden kan göras till en liten kostnad. Informationsinsamling har skett genom fria samtal, dock med vissa förberedda frågor. Information har inhämtats från flera delar av projektflödet så som försäljning, projektledning och konstruktion. Vi har kommit fram till att det är värt att lägga mer resurser på förbättringsarbete och se över ansvarsfördelningen för detta. Man bör även se över reklamationerna som till antalet är för många och många av felen är likartade. / The main purpose of this thesis is to survey and find possibilities of improvements in the project flow. The report only touches the parts of the company which are located in the early parts of the project flow, hence alterations can be made at a low cost. The gathering of information was made by open conversations, with some prepared questions. The information has been gathered from several parts of the company such as sales, project management, and construction et cetera. We consider it to be profitable to increase the resources in the improvement work. The company should also investigate the distribution of responsibility in the work of improvement. The complaints are too many and many of the faults are similar.

Despite several developments in logistics that strive to decrease costs, tendencies can be found for increased logistical costs (Pewe, 2011, p. 17). Some factors causing increased system complexity are increased selection and faster market movements. The Warehouse Department at Carlsberg Sverige in Falkenberg has been chosen to be studied regarding continuous quality improvements. Carlsberg Sverige implemented an automated inventory system and automated order-picking system in 2012-2013, which has had about 40% increase of stock keeping units (SKUs) since the investments. Since the implementation of the automation Carlsberg Sverige has encountered challenges with other quality of goods. The system has become more sensitive and it has become more important to eliminate deviation.The study aimed to develop a way for long-term reduction or elimination of quality errors that result in negative effects to the system. A specific area investigated was regarding both effect of the organization in a holistic perspective and on a level of detail of the analyzed area. The study did not include quality of beverages, but only external quality problems of goods, such as faulty stacking of packages or plastic wrapping hanging outside of the goods.An exploratory study was conducted with predominantly quantitative data collection methods. Initially a current state mapping was made, a flow chart was created through interviews and observations of employees. Critical activities / situations were identified in the flow chart and three areas were determined for further investigation regarding quality errors. Observations were carried out where all occurred abnormalities were registered. The results were analyzed and a focus area determined for continued deeper examination. A final model was created with the influence of theories and collected data from the case study.The examined focus area was part of the fully automated warehouse. Adaptation to the new automation was still under investigation and a need for more clarity in the continuous quality improvements . From the observations, it was revealed that in approximately 70% of the observing time in the focus area, there was an error in the area affected system. Registered errors were categorized into ten groups, seven groups were included in the research scope. Out of the seven categories there were two significance regarding amount of repetitions of registered errors; unreadable label was measured 30 times, and plastic wrapping outside goods was discovered 12 times during 7 hours of measurement. Significance regarding average duration was discovered for; system errors of labels and wood detected by sensors on conveyors.Detected errors with significance were further analyzed with fishbone diagrams to find root-causes. Several common causes were discovered in the fishbone diagrams, for instance regarding inadequate methods and measurements. The discoveries functioned as basis for the final model that consists of: Key Performance Indexes (KPI's), a flow chart of affecting processes, daily whiteboard meetings, improved communication channels and a process for implementation of routines. The model developed was to fit this case study, which represents; a complex system with lots of shift work, both manual and automated processes and handling of beverage goods. Despite this, the model is considered to function as a basis to work on continuous quality improvements for organizations outside the mentioned scope, but with modifications of the model.

Trots den samhälleliga utvecklingen av teknologin, digitalisering och globalisering som har resulterat i en ny modern arbetsmarknad där tillfälliga arbetskontrakt blir alltmer vanligt, finns det bristande forskning kring hur dessa arbetskontrakt påverkar organisationers förbättringsarbeten. Tidigare forskning kring tillfälliga arbetskontrakt har studerat hur engagemang kan påverka produktivitet hos en organisation ur ekonomisk synvinkel, och har genererat värdefull statistik kring forskningsområdet. Tidigare forskning har dock inte tagit hänsyn till hur enskilda individer med tillfälliga arbetskontrakt påverkas på en individuell nivå och hur detta påverkar deras attityder, närmare bestämt deras motivation och engagemang. Syftet med föreliggande examensarbete är att undersöka hur tillfälliga arbetskontrakt kan påverka organisationers strävan efter ständiga förbättringar. Mer specifikt undersöks om den tillfälligt anställdas attityder till ständiga förbättringar motsvarar de förväntningar som organisationer har på dessa individer i förhållande till ständiga förbättringar. I studien definieras ständiga förbättringar som förmågan att generera nya arbetsmetoder för att skapa betydande förbättringar gällande kvalitet och effektivitet på operativ nivå. Studiens empiriska data erhölls genom en kombinerad forskningsansats, vilket inkluderar triangulering för att stärka validiteten av insamlade data. Två webbenkäter har distribuerats till tillfälligt anställda samt till ledare med ansvar för tillfälligt anställda. Vidare har semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts med tillfälligt anställda, ledare med ansvar för tillfälligt anställda samt fackliga ombud. Respondenternas svar analyserades och tolkades för att skapa djupare förståelse kring forskningsämnet. Resultaten i studien tyder på att ständiga förbättringar kan få negativt utfall som följd av bristande motivation och engagemang hos de tillfälligt anställda, samt att de organisatoriska förväntningarna inte uppfylls. / Despite the societal developments of technology, digitalisation and globalisation that has resulted in a new modern labour market which features an increased demand for temporary contracts, there is a lack of research regarding how these employment contracts are affecting organisational improvement processes. Previous research regarding temporary contracts has primarily focused upon how engagement may affect organisational productivity from an economic aspect and has generated valuable statistics regarding that research area. However, previous research has been conducted without considering how the temporary employees are being affected on an individual level and how this is affecting their attitudes, more specifically their motivation and engagement. The aim of this master’s thesis is to investigate how temporary contracts may affect the organisation pursuit of continuous improvements. More specifically, investigating whether the temporary employees’ attitudes towards continuous improvements correspond to the expectations organisations have regarding these employees in relation to continuous improvements. In this context, continuous improvements are defined as the ability to generate new working methods to create valuable improvements regarding quality and efficiency at an operational level. The empirical data for this present research was obtained through a mixed method approach, which includes triangulation to strengthen the accuracy of collected data. Two online surveys were distributed to temporary employees as well as leaders with responsibility for temporary employees. Furthermore, semi-structured interviews have been conducted with temporary employees, leaders with responsibility for temporary employees as well as union representatives. The responses were analysed and interpreted to generate a deeper understanding of the research subject. The results indicate that continuous improvement may indeed be inadequate because of a lack of motivation and engagement in the temporary employees and that the organisational expectations are unfulfilled.

Background: The European Union’s (EU) food and drink industry has faced declining competitiveness over the past two decades. Methodologies associated with the quality improvement has been recognized as a possible solution to increase competitiveness of the industry. However, there are uncertainties among researchers and practitioners of how to implement these quality improvement methodologies and researchers of today requests further understanding in why some firms perform better than others when applying the same practices. Objectives: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate if the concept of ‘individual readiness for organizational change’ can be used as a measurement to better understand why some firms perform better than others when applying the same quality improvement initiations within the EU food and drink industry. Methods: The researcher of this thesis uses secondary data from existing literature on quality improvement imitations, according to Luning and Marcelis (2009) definition of quality improvement as a part of the food quality management system (FQMS), to justify the need for ‘individual readiness for organizational change’ measurements, defined by Holt et al. (2007), and uses primary data from the conduction of a single-case study, of an Swedish fruit and vegetable operating organization that were about to embark a Lean manufacturing piecemeal approach implementation, to validate the need for assuring individual readiness for change before any food and drink industry invests in quality improvement implementations. Results: The findings of the primary data collection are accordant with existing literature where individual employees were found to display lower levels of ‘individual readiness for organizational change’ perceived the organization to have lack of proper communication or were more resistant towards the implementation. Employees whose daily activities were more orientated around other FQMS practices such as quality assurance and quality control, displayed lower levels of individual readiness than employees whose activities are less associated with these systems. Furthermore, trust in management was identified as a key determinant of the employees’ individual readiness for the Lean manufacturing implementation. Conclusions: The findings of this thesis indicate that the usage the concept of ‘individual readiness for change’ as a measurement before a quality improvement implementation within the EU food and drink industry could increase researches’ and practitioners’ understanding why some firms perform better than others when applying the same practices.

En central del i patientsäkerhetsarbetet inom hälso- och sjukvård är att personalen rapporterar risker och avvikelser som upptäcks i verksamheten. En avvikelse är ett faktum när verksamheten inte når upp till satta mål och krav utifrån lagar, föreskrifter och beslut och kan vara allt från småstrul som tar tid från patientarbete till en allvarlig skada som inträffar (SOSFS 2011:9) Att ständigt arbeta med förbättringar är ett måste för att anpassa verksamheten utifrån nya uppkomna behov krav och förutsättningar. Att ständigt identifierade brister och ta tillvara på medarbetares förslag till förbättring, samt sträva efter en samsyn är förutsättningar som krävs för att verksamheten ständigt ska förbättras. Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur man använder rapporterade avvikelser som underlag till att förbättra sin verksamhet samt vilka förutsättningar som krävs för att arbeta med avvikelser på ett systematiskt sätt. Studien utgörs av flervalsmetodforskning där data samlats in via semistrukturerade intervjuer med tre vårdenhetschefer inom en verksamhet för att få en fördjupad förståelse av förutsättningar och utmaningar med att använda avvikelser för att förbättra sin verksamhet. För att få en förstärkt och bredare bild av studiens frågeställningar kompletterades datainsamlingen med en enkät där 60 medarbetare inom fyra vårdenheter svarat. Empirisk data analyserades genom tematisk analys. I resultatet framkommer fem övergripande tema som både chefer och medarbetare identifierat som viktiga förutsättningar för att förbättra sin verksamhet med grund i avvikelser; Samsyn, Struktur, Chefens stöd, Lärande och Medarbetares delaktighet som även inkluderar fler underliggande identifierade subteman. Utmaningar identifierades som tre övergripande tema; Fokus på rätt sak, Prioritering av tid samt Integrera förbättringsarbetet i det dagliga arbetet. En av frågeställningarna handlade också om hur medarbetares förslag till förbättring fångas upp och resulterade i intressanta reflektioner både hos medarbetare och chefer. / A central aspect of patient safety work within healthcare is for the staff to report risks and deviations. A deviation occurs when healthcare fails to meet set goals and requirements according to laws, regulations, and decisions. It may include minor issues that take time away from patient, to serious incidents causing harm (SOSFS 2011:9). Continuous improvements are necessary to adapt the care unit based on new emerging needs and conditions. Constantly identifying shortcomings, make use of employees' improvement suggestions, and striving for consensus are prerequisites for continuous improvement in care units. This study aimed to investigate how reported deviations are utilized as a basis for improving operations, as well as the prerequisites for working with deviations in a systematic manner. The study was designed as a mixed-methods research design, with data collected through semi-structured interviews with three unit managers within a healthcare organization to gain an deepened understanding of the prerequisites and challenges associated with using deviations to improve care units. Data collection was complemented with a survey in which 60 employees from four units responded to enhance and broaden the understanding of the research questions. Empirical data were analyzed through thematic analysis. The results showed five overarching themes that both managers and employees identified as important prerequisites for improving operations based on deviations: Consensus, Structure, Managerial Support, Learning, and Employee involvement, including several underlying subthemes. Challenges were identified in three overarching themes: Focus on the right things, Time prioritization, and Integrating improvement work into daily operations. One of the research questions also focused on how employees' improvement suggestions are captured, resulting in interesting reflections among both employees and managers

Det senaste årets granskning av lärosätens kvalitetssystem som genomfördes avuniversitetskanslersämbetet (UKÄ) visar att även högre utbildning behöver arbeta med sitt internakvalitetsarbete och att lärosätena behöver ta fram arbetssätt och metoder för att genomföra det.Syftet med det här arbetet var att bidra med kunskap om hur arbete med kvalitetsutveckling ser utinom högre utbildning samt att ta fram en modell för att arbeta med förbättrings ochkvalitetsutveckling inom lärarutbildning. Författaren deltog i ett projektarbete sominteraktionsforskare för att ta fram en modell för arbetet med förbättrings- och utvecklingsarbetetinom lärarutbildning. Den här studien har bidragit med kunskap om att högre utbildning idagarbetar med kvalitetsarbetet utifrån de riktlinjer som finns i Högskolelag, Högskoleförordning ochStandards and Guidelines for Quality Assurances in the European Higher Education Area (ESG).Slutsatsen var, att den modell för att arbeta med utvecklingsprojekt som togs fram i projektarbetet,behöver följa dessa lagar, förordningar och riktlinjer som anges i ESG och att arbetssättet imodellen bör vara cykliskt och kan utgå från PDSA. Vidare är slutsatsen att modellen med fördelkan ta utgångspunkt i offensiv kvalitetsutveckling och hörnstensmodellen och att om lärandetinom organisationen sker på alla nivåer kontinuerligt kan modellen stödja arbetet till en lärandeorganisation. Den här studien kan vara av intresse för andra som vill lära mer ominteraktionsforskning samt för lärosäten som står inför att utveckla sitt eget interna kvalitetsarbete. / The latest year's review of the higher education institutions' quality systems carried out by theuniversity chancellor's office (UKÄ) shows that even higher education needs to work with itsinternal quality work and that the higher education institutions need to develop working methodsand methods for implementing it. The purpose of this work was to contribute with knowledgeabout how work with quality development looks within higher education and to develop a modelfor working with improvement and quality development in teacher education. The authorparticipated in a project work as an interaction researcher to develop a model for the work onimprovement and development work in teacher education. This study has contributed with theknowledge that higher education today works with the quality work based on the guidelines foundin the Higher Education Act, the Higher Education Ordinance and the Standards and Guidelinesfor Quality Assurances in the European Higher Education Area (ESG). The conclusion was thatthe model for working with development projects developed in the project work must follow theselaws, regulations and guidelines stated in the ESG and that the working method in the modelshould be cyclical and can be based on PDSA. Furthermore, the conclusion is that the model canadvantageously be based on offensive quality development and the cornerstone model and that ifthe learning within the organization takes place at all levels continuously, the model can supportthe work of a learning organization. This study may be of interest to others who want to learnmore about interaction research and for higher education institutions that are faced withdeveloping their own internal quality work. / <p>2019-06-27</p>

Det här examensarbetet har fördjupat sig inom två områden inom kvalitetsledning. Det första området är ”ständiga förbättringar av processer”. Den andra är en ”mjuk sida” av kvalitetsledning, värderingarna.En enkät har tagits fram som ska kunna mäta stöd för olika värderingar. Motiveringen att göra det kan vara en önskan att skaffa sig en utgångspunkt i förbättringsarbetet för sitt arbete med förbättring av processer, inom en organisation eller företag. Denna enkät bör även lätt kunna modifieras för att bli användbar även för andra forskare eller organisationer för att mäta en utgångspunkt i sitt förbättringsarbete av processer.I detta arbete har utvärdering gjorts av två olika gruppers resultat för sex olika värderingarna (med enkät samt efterföljande intervjuer) som anses viktiga inom offensiv kvalitetsutveckling.Rapporten ger även förbättringsförslag till organisationen för utveckling av sitt arbete med ständiga förbättringar processer, för några av de värderingar som studien indikerade att stödet behövde utvecklas för. / This degree project has deepened into two areas within quality management (QM). The first area is “Continuous improvements of processes”. The second is a “soft side” of QM, the values.A survey has been developed that can measure support for different values to be able to provide a starting point for the improvement work with process improvement, within an organization or company. This survey can easily by using the same methodology as used in this work, being modified to be useful for other researchers or organizations.In this work, evaluation of results, from two different groups has been made, of support for six values (using questionnaires and subsequent interviews) as considered important in QM.The report also provides improvement suggestions to the organization for development of the work of “Continuous improvements of processes”, regarding some of the QM-values which is proposed to improve. / <p>2020-06-26</p>

Detoffensiva kvalitetsarbetet i skolan studerades i detta arbete avseende kunden icentrum. Genom en kvalitativ fallstudie innehållande en enkät och studier avstyrdokument har Samernas utbildningscentrum i Jokkmokk studerats rörande omeleverna är nöjda med utbildningen eller ej samt hur utbildningen kanutvecklas. De öppna frågorna i enkäten fokuserade på områden vilka ärbetydelsefulla för att lärande ska kunna ske på ett optimalt sätt. Studienvisade att eleverna var nöjda med lärarinsatsen och sitt egetkunskapsförvärvande. Vidare hade eleverna god insikt i hur de kan använda sigav sina studier och en önskan att studera vidare. Inflytandet ochtillgängligheten var eleverna missnöjda med. För att förbättra elevernasstudiesituation föreslogs att eleverna får ett reellt inflytande över sinstudiesituation och att kommunikationen förbättras. / In the centre of this study about Total Quality Management was thecustomer. Through a qualitative case-study containing studies of policydocuments and a blank at Samernas utbildningscentrum in Jokkmokk has thepupils´ satisfaction with their education been studied. The questions in theblank were based on up-to-date research and literature concerning quality workwithin and outside school. Focus was on factors meaningful for optimallearning. The study´s result was that the pupils were satisfied with the workof the teacher and their own learning. Furthermore, the pupils understood howthey can use their inherited knowledge and they have a desire to progress evenmore through education. The influence and the availability were areas of greatdissatisfaction. To improve the situation for the pupils´ work actions shouldtake place increasing the pupils´ influence and make communication better. / <p>2017-10-13</p>