Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for Degree of Master of Management Sciences: Business Administration, Durban University of Technology, 2017. / The execution of maintenance and repairs are the core business deliverables of the Power Plant Maintenance (PPM) department at Eskom Distribution South Africa (SA). However, external service providers are employed to similarly execute these deliverables. Given this background, this study aimed to determine the influence of outsourcing core deliverables on the performance of the PPM department at Eskom SA. This quantitative study sought to determine the prevalence of any statistically significant differences in the degree of respondents’ responses regarding outsourcing the core business deliverables of their respective PPM departments in terms of profile factors such as gender, marital status, age, education qualification, designation and length of service. The study was carried out in eight out of nine PPM departments. A total of 135 responses were attained from a possible 152 participants, providing a response rate of 89 percent. The study was successful in the achievement of all the objectives. The results of the chi-square and regression tests revealed the presence of significant factors contributing to the outsourcing of core business deliverables, accomplishing the first objective. The results of the chi-square and correlation tests revealed that outsourcing did effect business performance, though this was not generally an enhancing effect, accomplishing the second objective. Results of the chi-square tests also highlighted significant effects on the motivation of internal employees when the repairs and maintenance of the power plant equipment are outsourced, accomplishing the third objective. The results of the correlation and chi-square also highlighted the effect of managing the core business deliverables on the business performance, the motivation of internal employees, as well as the alleviation of significant risks resulting from outsourcing core deliverables. The coefficient of determination (R-squared) revealed only 33 percent of the variations in the dependent variable that were explained by the independent variables. Finally, there was an indication of statistically acceptable reliability for the variables of the study. / M

M.Phil. / In the modern world maintenance organisations are exposed to rapid changes in equipment complexity and the maintenance thereof. Maintenance people have to adopt completely new ways of thinking and managing. If organisations and their management do not adapt to these changes and challenges they are destined to oblivion. Moubray (1991:1) states that: "Managers everywhere are looking for a new approach in maintenance. They want to avoid the false starts and dead ends which always accompany major upheavals. Instead they seek a strategic framework which synthesizes the new developments into a coherent pattern, so that they can evaluate them sensibly and apply those likely to be of most value to them and their companies" One of the viable alternative business strategies and maintenance approaches in dealing with equipment complexity and hence the management thereof, is by means of maintenance outsourcing and contract setting. If done correctly it reduces the risk of organisations and increases flexibility. During outsourcing initiatives organisations will look for benefits such as improvement of its profit margins by means of inventory reductions, improved reliability, maintenance efficiency and expert skills maintaining their assets. Coetzee (1997:24) explain that the task of the maintenance function is "to support the production process with adequate levels of availability, reliability and operability at an acceptable cost". The same principles apply in adherence to the maintenance contracts where the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) or contractor also needs to support the customer with the adequate levels of availability, reliability and operability at defined costs. This can only be achieved by quality maintenance; "the right level of maintenance performed at the right time to the right equipment by workmen able and willing to deliver quality workmanship and using correct task specifications" (Coetzee, 2000a). The method used in maintenance outsourcing negotiation and binding agreements between the organisation and the contractor is a Repair and Olivier-2008 Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering - UJ Maintenance Contract; commonly known as R+M or MARC contracts. Essentially a Repair and Maintenance contract is the outsourcing of a long term Service Level Agreement (SLA) or maintenance project, normally to the OEM, or its authorised service organisation. "A maintenance and repair contract is a contractual agreement between the OEM (original equipment manufacturer), or contractor, and the equipment owner or user, where the OEM or contractor carries out all maintenance and repair activities at a guaranteed rate per hour" (Lugtigheid, et al. 2007). When organisations adapt outsourcing as a business strategy, it creates a framework of uncertainty and risk to Original Equipment Manufactures and/or maintenance contractors who has to perform the maintenance services. The focus of manufacturing and selling is thus disrupted by the challenge of the unknown playgrounds of competitiveness

Magister Administrationis - MAdmin / The privatization of public prisons has caused much controversy in South Africa as well as internationally. However, it should be noted that the level of resistance to privatisation within the South African context has been minimal by international standards. It is not clear what might have contributed to this quiet approach given the fact that there are many anti-privatisation campaigns driven by the labour movement and civil society groups in South Africa. This research investigation focused on the privatisation of prisons and prison services in South Africa and has explored the various advantages and disadvantages that exist in this respect. / South Africa

M.Comm. / Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment (BBBEE) is almost ten years old. The objective of the BBBEE is to increase the participation of Black people and Black women in the South African economy and also to bridge the income inequality which was brought about systematically before South Africa became a democratic country. The BBBEE Act, through the Codes of Good Practice has identified seven key elements which if addressed will help to achieve the objectives of the Act. These elements are ownership, management control, employment equity, skills development, preferential procurement, enterprise development and socio economic development. Minimum targets have been set which need to be achieved within ten years. The primary objective of the study was to investigate if Sappi one of the two dominant pulp and paper companies in South Africa, could utilize outsourcing as a Black Economic Empowerment Tool. The secondary objectives were twofold: • To identify key barriers to complying with the seven elements of the Codes of Good Practice; and • To establish measures or incentives that will lead to Sappi Forests’ outsourced activities complying with the Codes of Good Practice hence utilizing outsourced activities as a Black Economic Empowerment tool. The research findings indicate that Sappi could utilize outsourcing as a Black Economic Empowerment tool. According to survey results, significant progress has been achieved in implementing BBBEE Act despite the lack of a systematic approach. Progress towards the implementation of the Act as measured against the seven elements contained in the Codes of Good Practice, is commendable. Should the recommendations such as incentives and rewards that are mentioned in the findings be adopted, the implementation of the BBBEE Act which leads to empowerment could be enhanced in forests’ outsourced activities.

Le contrat et la police sont deux notions a priori incompatibles. Le contrat est un accord de volontés faisant naître des obligations juridiques. La police administrative est une prérogative de puissance publique et une des missions de souveraineté les plus fondamentales de l’État. Dès 1932, le juge administratif pose un principe général d’interdiction de délégation contractuelle des missions de police administrative. Puis, en 2011, le juge constitutionnel érige au niveau constitutionnel un principe d’interdiction de déléguer les compétences de police administrative générale inhérentes à l’exercice de la force publique. Parallèlement, l’utilisation du contrat comme mode de gestion de la police administrative se développe. Ainsi, l’interdiction de contracter en matière de police connaît-elle aujourd’hui une profonde remise en question. La perspective de l’admission du procédé contractuel bouleverse le schéma classique et implique donc une modernisation des concepts juridiques. / Contract and police may be incompatible. The contract is an accord of volition which creates legal commitment. Policy is one of the most important public authorities. From 1932, the administrative judge asserted a general principle of prohibition of using contract to delegate policy missions. In 2011, the constitutional judge asserted a principle which bans delegation of policy missions. At the same time, there is a development of contract as a new method of management. So, the principle of prohibition is underquestioned. The classical schedule is upset and a modernization of legal concepts is necessary.

Orientador: Fabio Kazuo Ocada / Banca: Fátima Cabral / Banca: Valquíria Padilha / Resumo: A presente dissertação apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa de mestrado cujo objetivo foi investigar os impactos objetivos e subjetivos da contratação terceirizada sobre o trabalhador submetido a esse regime contratual, a partir da análise da condição laboral de trabalhadores terceirizados que atuam no setor de limpeza de escolas estaduais do município de Marília-SP. Para tanto, esta pesquisa contou com um estudo teórico e empírico. No aspecto teórico, buscou-se compreender de que maneira o fenômeno da terceirização se expandiu no Brasil e no setor público e culminou na adoção sistemática dessas práticas nos anos 90. Analisaram-se também textos e cadernos oficiais para dimensionar de que maneira o setor público incorporou essas práticas. Foram realizados, ainda sob o aspecto teórico, estudos das obras de administradores de empresas e de sociólogos do trabalho e da visão sindical sobre esse fenômeno. Na dimensão empírica e qualitativa desta pesquisa, realizaram-se entrevistas não diretivas. Assim, foi possível concluir que essa forma de contratação reforça o caráter alienante e ideologicamente orientado do trabalho no modo de produção capitalista, e que os sujeitos cotidianamente submetidos a esse regime contratual desenvolvem respostas individuais que ampliam essa tendência. / Abstract: The present dissertation aims to show the results of a master's degree research whose objective was to investigate the subjective and objective impacts of outsourced hiring for workers under this contractual framework. This objective was investigated from the analysis of outsourced workers who work in the cleaning sector of State Schools in the district of Marília-SP. To achieve its objectives this research involved a theoretical and empirical study. In the theoretical aspect, we tried to understand the way the outsourcing phenomenon was spread in Brazil and in the public sector, analyzing thereby the historical context that culminated in the systematic adoption of these practices in the 90s, and also, analyzing texts and official notebooks to resize the way the public sector incorporated these practices. They were conducted, still under the theoretical aspects, studies of the companies' administrators, sociologists of the work and syndical vision of that phenomenon. In the empirical and qualitative dimension of this research interviews took place through the support of the non-directing interviews. Therefore, it was possible to present that this kind of hiring reinforce the alienated and ideologically guided character of the work in the capitalist way of production, and that the people submitted daily to this contractual regime develop individual answers that enlarge that tendency. / Mestre

Esta tese apresenta uma análise do compartilhamento do conhecimento, da capacidade absortiva e da inovação nos relacionamentos interorganizacionais do tipo terceirização de Tecnologia da Informação. Assim sendo, o objetivo desta tese é propor um framework que relacione o compartilhamento do conhecimento, a capacidade absortiva e a inovação nos relacionamentos interorganizacionais do tipo terceirização de tecnologia da informação. Para responder a seguinte questão de pesquisa: Como se caracteriza a relação entre o compartilhamento do conhecimento, a capacidade absortiva e a inovação nos relacionamentos interorganizacionais do tipo terceirização de tecnologia da informação. Esta pesquisa é exploratória, de natureza qualitativa e utilizando como estratégia o estudo de casos múltiplos, onde foram analisadas 12 empresas em ambientes de terceirização de TI, sendo 4 empresas fornecedoras de TI e 8 empresas clientes de TI. Os critérios para a seleção das empresas foram: em primeiro lugar, as empresas deveriam ter relacionamentos interorganizacionais do tipo terceirização de ERPs, em que os processos de compartilhamento do conhecimento estejam presentes. Outro critério para a seleção dos casos foi a diversidade de segmentos de atuação das empresas clientes de ERPs para, com isso, tentar evitar a contaminação pelas características especiais de cada segmento de atuação, ou seja, tentou-se reduzir algum viés relacionado aos segmentos de atuação das empresas. Associado a isso, o último critério utilizado para a seleção das empresas clientes de ERPs foi a existência de alguma dependência destas empresas em relação ao software ERP para a implementação de suas estratégias e operações. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas semiestruturadas, documentos e observação direta. Após a coleta dos dados, os casos foram analisados individualmente, e posteriormente comparados, buscando convergências e divergências, tentando estabelecer um perfil de comportamento quanto ao compartilhamento do conhecimento, a capacidade absortiva e a inovação nos relacionamentos interorganizacionais, para operacionalização do tratamento dos dados foi utilizado o software de análise qualitativa dos dados chamado MAXQDA® for Mac. Ainda, com a intenção de sanar eventuais problemas na realização da pesquisa, foram tomados alguns cuidados e procedimentos que aumentarão a validade e a confiabilidade da pesquisa. Foram utilizados os critérios de validade do constructo, validade externa e confiabilidade. Os principais resultados encontrados na pesquisa foram, a relação entre o compartilhamento do conhecimento e da capacidade absortiva mostrou estar relacionado positivamente para a existência de inovação no ambiente de terceirização de TI, dizendo de outra forma, quanto maior for a capacidade da empresa de absorver o conhecimento compartilhado através da terceirização de TI, maior a possibilidade de inovação neste ambiente. Outro achado, foi em relação à decisão da terceirização do ERP, ou seja, pôde-se perceber que os motivos das “empresas clientes” terceirizarem seus ERPs, podem estar relacionados com o compartilhamento do conhecimento, a capacidade absortiva e a inovação. Por fim, esta pesquisa fornece compreensões acerca dos fenômenos compartilhamento de conhecimento, capacidade absortiva e inovação em ambientes de terceirização da TI, pois estes fenômenos foram compreendidos a partir de uma nova perspectiva, ou seja, analisados em conjunto e num ambiente próprio, o da terceirização da TI. / This thesis presents an analysis of the sharing of knowledge, absorptive capacity and innovation in the inter-relationships of the type outsourcing information technology. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to propose a framework that links knowledge sharing, absorptive capacity and innovation in interorganizational relationships of the type of outsourcing information technology. To answer the following research question: How do you characterize the relationship between knowledge sharing, absorptive capacity and innovation in interorganizational relationships of the type of outsourcing information technology. This research is exploratory, qualitative and using as a strategy the multiple case study, where 12 companies were analyzed in IT outsourcing environments, 4 suppliers of IT and IT 8 client companies. The criteria for the selection of companies were: first, the companies should have inter-relationships of the type outsourcing ERP, in which knowledge sharing processes are present. Another criterion for the selection of cases was the diversity of business segments of ERP customers to companies, therefore, try to avoid contamination by the special characteristics of each business segment, ie, we attempted to reduce any bias related to the segments of performance of companies. Associated with this, the last criterion for the selection of ERP business customers was the existence of any dependency on these companies in relation to ERP software for the implementation of their strategies and operations. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, documents and direct observation. After collecting the data, the cases were analyzed individually and then compared, looking for similarities and differences, trying to establish a profile of behavior regarding the sharing of knowledge, absorptive capacity and innovation in interorganizational relationships, for operationalization of data treatment was used a software of analysis of data qualitative called MAXQDA® for Mac. Still, with the intention to re medy any problems conducting the survey, were taken some precautions and procedures that increase the validity and reliability of the research. We used the construct validity criteria, external validity and reliability. The main results found in the survey were, the relationship between knowledge sharing and absorptive capacity shown to be positively related existence of innovation in IT outsourcing environment, to put it another way, the greater is company ability to absorb knowledge shared by IT outsourcing, the greater the likelihood of innovation in this environment. Another finding was related to the ERP outsourcing decision, ie, we could realize that the reasons for the "client companies" outsource their ERPs, may be related to the sharing of knowledge, absorptive capacity and innovation. Finally, this research provides understandings about knowledge sharing phenomena, absorptive capacity and innovation in the IT outsourcing environments, as these phenomena are understood from a new perspective, that is, taken together and in own environment, the IT outsourcing.

Buscando suprir a necessidade crescente do mercado por novos produtos e soluções, as empresas buscaram alternativas em terceiros para desenvolverem seus produtos e reduzir o seu time to market; ampliando, desta maneira, seu mix e agregando conhecimento e novas tecnologias não presentes em seus negócios. No entanto, nos modelos econômicos atuais, a terceirização está se tornando onerosa aos custos do produto sendo inviável seu repasse ao preço de venda. Como resultado, as empresas necessitam internar a fabricação de alguns destes produtos, porém esbarram na falta de informações relativas ao seu desenvolvimento. Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal avaliar quais são os aspectos da internalização em desenvolvimento de produtos terceirizados. A pesquisa objeto deste trabalho foi conduzida sob o formato de múltiplos estudos de caso por intermédio de um questionário de perguntas fechadas. Foram avaliadas quinze (15) empresas da região nordeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul que terceirizam o desenvolvimento de produtos. Dentre as quinze empresas entrevistadas, apenas três possuem um processo de desenvolvimento de produtos terceirizado consistente, garantindo a manutenção das informações relativas ao processo e perdas demasiadas de horas de desenvolvimento de produtos no momento da internalização deste desenvolvimento. / Seeking to meet the growing market need for new products and solutions, companies have sought alternatives on third parties to develop their products and reduce their time to market; in order to widen their product mix, adding knowledge and new technologies not present in their business. In the current economic models, outsourcing has become an onerous cost for the product being unfeasible to transfer it to the selling price. As a result, companies need to intern the manufacturing of some of these products, though they have to face a lack of knowledge and information related to their development. This work aims to evaluate the aspects of internalization in outsourced product developments. The object of this research was conducted under the format of multiple case studies through a questionnaire of closed questions. Fifteen (15) companies that outsource product development in the northeastern region of Rio Grande do Sul state. Only three of those fifteen interviewed companies have a consistent outsourced product development process, ensuring the maintenance of information regarding the process, and avoiding too many losses of product development working hours at the moment this development is internalized.

This study explored the role of contract training provided by North Texas higher education institutions in the education and training programs administered by area businesses employing more than 100 people. A survey instrument was mailed to corporate trainers that were members of the Dallas Chapter of the American Society of Training and Development in businesses employing more than 100 people. A total list of 292 trainers generated 71 usable responses. The purposes of this study were to: (a) determine the extent to which corporations use academic institutions for contract training, (b) determine the academic institutions in North Texas that training managers in the Dallas area believe are suitable contract training partners, (c) identify what subject areas are perceived as top educational priorities by training managers and are perceived to be suitable for contract training by academic institutions, (d) determine educational and training subjects for which corporations would be willing or prefer to utilize contract training by academic institutions, and (e) identify the subjects in which corporations currently use contract training by academic institutions.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The integration of nonstandard (temporary) workers into an organization is called a “blended workforce,” and such an arrangement is a breeding ground for potential conflict. Until very recently, much of the research on nonstandard workers has been limited to exploring those in low-wage positions requiring limited skills and the detriments of such working arrangements. However, with advances in technology that allow working from remote locations and the desire of firms to more quickly adapt to changes in the market, the role of high-skill, high-wage nonstandard workers is steadily growing. Pondy (1967) proposed that conflict episodes are composed of five possible stages: latent, perceived, felt, manifest and the aftermath. These conflict stages provided the framework for the consideration of conflict in blended organizations. Through an extensive literature review of nonstandard workers, this research determined six potential areas of latent conflict in blended organizations. Next, the research determined if those areas of latent conflict move into advanced stages of conflict within blended organizations that integrate high-end nonstandard workers. Finally, the research explored how those conflicts that emerge from the use of a blended workforce are managed.