Cellular systems are interference limited in nature. This problem is further accentuated in upcoming commercial wireless standards, which intend to use all the available spectrum in every cell in the network to improve peak data rates. This, however, could lead to considerable interference among neighboring cells, decreasing data rates and causing outages at the cell-edge. Multicell cooperation offers a solution for reducing the high levels of interference. The basic idea is that base stations coordinate transmissions by sharing user information among themselves via backhaul links. With the backhaul being bandwidth limited, cooperative strategies that involve the exchange of only user channel state information (CSI) among base stations offer the best tradeoff between complexity, backhaul load and performance gains. This dissertation focuses on these partial cooperative techniques, known as coordinated beamforming in 3GPP LTE Advanced. In existing frequency division duplex systems, users estimate and feedback the CSI of a single channel over a finite-bandwidth feedback link, using limited feedback techniques. In a multicell cooperative scenario, each user needs to transmit the CSI of multiple channels using the same feedback link. This implies that the available feedback bandwidth must be efficiently shared among different channels to maximize performance gains in the cellular network. This dissertation develops three different approaches to limited feedback in multicell cooperative systems. The first technique, separate quantization, involves each channel being fed back individually using a different codebook. Closed-form expressions are derived to partition adaptively the available feedback bits, as a function of the signal strengths and delays associated with each of the multiple channels. The second strategy is known as joint quantization, where the CSI of all the channels are quantized together as a composite vector. It is shown that though this approach yields higher data rates with smaller feedback requirements than separate quantization, it requires the design and storage of special codebooks. Finally, predictive joint quantization is proposed to exploit the temporal correlation of the wireless channel to reduce feedback requirements significantly as compared to the other two strategies, at the cost of high complexity at the user terminals. / text

The following three essays present an analysis that combines well-known models of fisheries management with contemporary theories of international trade and industrial organization. The general theme of the thesis is that countries' fisheries management policies can affect the strategic interaction between their fishing industries. The first essay examines the problem of noncooperative management of international fisheries by analyzing the strategic rent-shifting roles for such well-known national management policies as fleet licensing and effort subsidies. It is shown that the noncooperative equilibrium in each policy takes the form of a prisoner's dilemma with dissipated rents in the fishery. It is also shown that strategic effort subsidies can only lead to incomplete rent dissipation but strategic fleet licensing can lead to complete rent dissipation. The second essay develops a theory of cooperative management of international fisheries by considering negotiation between countries over the same fleet licensing and effort subsidy policies considered in the first essay. The outcomes of negotiation over these policies are compared to the corresponding noncooperative outcomes, on the one hand, and to the efficient outcome on the other. It is shown that negotiation over effort subsidies in the absence of side payments is efficient, but negotiation over fleet sizes in the absence of side payments is inefficient. The third essay develops a two-stage two-period model of a 'domestic' country and a 'foreign' country whose respective fishing industries harvest from separate fisheries for the same international market. The domestic country uses a harvest policy to regulate the harvest by its fishing industry, but the harvest by the foreign fishing industry is unregulated. Two types of fisheries are considered. In the case of schooling fisheries, the domestic country may choose a conservative harvest policy in the first period if it can induce the biological collapse of the foreign fishery in the second period. In the case of search fisheries, the domestic country always chooses a conservative harvest policy in the first period in order to induce the economic degradation of the foreign fishery in the second period. The results suggest that international fisheries trade in the presence of divergent national fisheries management regimes could have unexpected consequences for world fisheries.

Šiuolaikiniam etnokultūriniam ugdymui pradinėje mokykloje turėtų būti skiriamas išskirtinis dėmesys. Etnokultūros ugdymo procese, aktyviai bendradarbiaujant mokyklai ir šeimai , kuriama tautiškai sąmoninga, iniciatyvi, brandi, atsakinga bei kūrybinga mokyklos bendruomenė. Todėl kyla klausimas: kokios mokyklos ir šeimos bendravimo ir bendradarbiavimo galimybės etnokultūros ugdymo procese pradinėje mokykloje? Mokslinio-tiriamojo darbo teminis laukas – edukologiniai aspektai, lemiantys mokyklos ir šeimos bendradarbiavimą etnokultūros ugdymo srityje. Tyrimo objektas: mokyklos ir šeimos bendradarbiavimas etnokultūros ugdymo procese pradinėje mokykloje. Tyrimo problema: Mokyklos ir šeimos bendravimas ir bendradarbiavimas etnokultūros ugdymo procese pradin��je mokykloje yra nepakankamas. Šio tiriamojo darbo tikslas yra išsiaiškinti mokyklos ir šeimos bendradarbiavimo galimybes etnokultūros ugdymo procese skirtingo profilio pradinėse mokyklose. Tyrimo uždaviniai : apibūdinti etninės kultūros, etniškumo, tautiškumo sąvokas, reiškinius ir ryšį; išryškinti etnokultūros puoselėjimo būdus šiandieninėje mokykloje; išsiaiškinti šeimų dėmesį lietuvių etninėms tradicijoms ir krašto kultūrai; atskleisti mokyklos ir šeimos bendravimo ir bendradarbiavimo galimybes etnokultūros ugdymo procese skirtingo profilio mokyklose. Metodai: mokslinės literatūros analizė, dokumentų analizė, kiekybinis tyrimas - apklausa raštu. Tyrimo dalyviai: etnokultūros profilio pradinės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / For modern ethno cultural education at primary school, a particular attention should be paid. In the ethno cultural education process, through active cooperation of school and family, a nationally conscious, enterprising, mature, responsible and creative school community is developed. Therefore, the following question arises: what are possibilities for communication and cooperation between school and family in the ethno cultural education process at primary school? Subject area of the Research Paper covers educology aspects that determine cooperation between school and family in the field of ethno cultural education. Object of the research is related to cooperation of school and family in the ethno cultural education process at primary school. Problem of the research represents the fact that communication and cooperation between school and family in the ethno cultural education process at primary school is insufficient. The aim of the Research Paper is to find out possibilities for cooperation between school and family in the ethno cultural education process at primary schools with a different profile. Tasks of the research are the following: to analyse conceptions and phenomena of ethnic culture, ethnicity and relations thereof; to emphasise the place of ethno culture at contemporary school; to find out consideration of families to Lithuanian ethnic traditions and culture of the country; to reveal possibilities for communication and cooperation between school and family in... [to full text]

Bendradarbiavimo formos tarp šeimos ir ikimokyklinės ugdymo įstaigos. Literatūros šaltinių analizė; Anketinė apklausa. Klausimynai paruošti tyrėjos, remiantis specialia literatūra: S. Dapkienė, 2002, p. 34; O. Tijūnėlienė, 1999, p. 152-155. Kiekybinė duomenų analizė, atlikta kompiuteriniu pagrindu, rezultatai apskaičiuoti statistinės analizės programa PAULA; Kokybinė duomenų analizė; Lyginimas. Nustatyta, kad kuo aktyvesnės bendradarbiavimo formos yra taikomos tarp ikimokyklinės ugdymo institucijos ir šeimos, tuo glaudesnis bendradarbiavimas yra pasiekiamas. Aktyvus bei abipusiu pasitikėjimu grįstas bendradarbiavimas sukuria palankias sąlygas vaikų ugdymuisi bei padeda pagrindą asmenybės tolesniai socialinei sklaidai. / Forms of Co-operation Between the Family and Pre-school Educational Institution. Analysis of literature; Anonymous questionnaire. The questionnaire was prepared self on the basis of the special literature: S. Dapkiene, 2002, p. 34; O. Tijuneliene, 1999, p. 152-155. Quantitative analysis of data was carried out with PC statistical analyses software PAULA; Qualitative analysis of data; Comparison. It has been determined that the more active co-operation forms are applied between a pre-school educational institution and the family, the closer co-operation is achieved. Active and based on mutual confidence co-operation creates favourable conditions for children’s education and lays the foundations for further social dispersion of individuals.

Šiandieninis veiklos pasaulis išgyvena sparčius, visa apimančius ir principinius pokyčius, kur individo veiklos sėkmė priklauso nuo daugelio veiksnių - gebėjimo bendrauti, bendradarbiauti, palaikyti santykius ir komunikuoti su įvairaus amžiaus, išsilavinimo ir pan. individais. Pastarajame kontekste, analizuojant ikimokyklinio ugdymo įstaigos veiklos principus ir tobulinimo galimybes, itin aktualizuojami efektyvaus bendravimo ir bendradarbiavimo procesai, nes tik bendros šeimos ir ugdymo institucijos pastangos, įgalina harmoningą vaiko, kaip socialiai visavertės asmenybės, ugdymą. Pastebėtina ir tai, kad daugelio mokslininkų (Dapkienė, 2002; Juodaitytė, 2002; Schiller, Byrant, 2004; Seliokienė, 2004; Kontautienė, 2006 ir kt.) darbuose, šiuolaikinė ikimokyklinio ugdymo įstaiga traktuojama kaip lygiavertė šeimos partnerė, akcentuojant šeimos ir ugdytojų sąveiką, jų interesų derinimą bei požiūrių į vaiko ugdymą vienovę. Įvertinant tai, šiame baigiamajame darbe, pagrindinis dėmesys yra skiriamas efektyvaus bendradarbiavimo su tėvais sistemos modeliavimui ikimokyklinio ugdymo įstaigoje. Tyrimo objektas - tėvų ir ikimokyklinės įstaigos bendradarbiavimas. Tyrimo dalykas - efektyvaus bendradarbiavimo su tėvais sistemos modeliavimas ikimokyklinio ugdymo įstaigoje. Tyrimo tikslas - išnagrinėti ir empiriškai įvertinti efektyvaus bendradarbiavimo sistemos su tėvais modeliavimo galimybes ikimokyklinėje įstaigoje. Darbo tikslas yra detalizuojamas uždaviniais, lėmusiais tokią darbo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Modern active world is subject to fast, all-inclusive and principal changes and the individual activity success is dependant on numerous factors like communication skills, cooperation, maintenance of relations and interaction with individuals of various age, education, etc. When analysing the activity principles of a preschool education institution and its activity improvement possibilities against the background of above context it is evident that the processes of efficient communication and cooperation are the topical ones as only joint family and educational institution efforts enable harmonious development of a child as a socially full-fledged personality. It should be noted that in the works of most researchers (Dapkienė, 2002; Juodaitytė, 2002; Schiller, Byrant, 2004; Seliokienė, 2004; Kontautienė, 2006; and others) a modern preschool education institution is treated as an equal partner to family thus emphasising the interaction of family and educators, harmonisation of their interests and approaches leading to unity in child education. In view of the above the main attention in this paper has been focused on development of an efficient model of teacher-parents cooperation system at a preschool educational institution. Object of the study – parents-educational institution cooperation. Subject of the study - development of an efficient teacher-parents cooperation system model at a preschool educational institution. Goal of the study is to analyse and empirically evaluate... [to full text]

<p>This paper addresses the issue of the primary Prototype Carbon Fund objectives , which are High-Quality Emmissions reductions / knowledge dissermination / Public-private parterships. The researcher further invesigates whether, eight years after its creation, the Prototype Carbon Fund is a success.</p>

International transportation costs and the use of a country’s imports cif/fob ratios as a measure for ad valorem shipping and direct international transportation costs measures has been at the forefront of international transport costing debates. Many researchers and analysts use the imports cif/fob ratios as a proxy for direct transportation costs in the absence of direct measures. The study was motivated to examine the authenticity and use of the imports cif/fob ratios as a measure for international transport costs. The study highlights the impact of the use of the ratios in presenting and interpreting international transportation costs. The study examined, investigated and analysed data on the United States, Germany, South Africa and Malawi and provided empirical evidence that the imports cif/fob ratios as a measure for ad valorem shipping and international transport costs are distorted and misused and are therefore misrepresentative and uninformative of the actual direct shipping and international transport costs of countries. Evidence from the study shows severe limitations in using the imports cif/fob ratios, as the trade data used for devising them are largely unreliable and inaccurate. Users of the imports cif/fob ratios generally assume when using the ratios that, the composition of imports are constant. By means of correlation analysis, the evidence from the countries analysed in this study shows otherwise and prove that where the quality of trade data applied are reliable and accurate, a country’s composition of imports has a considerable and significant effect on the level and trend of the country’s imports cif/fob ratios. On the other hand, where the data is unreliable, the resulting imports cif/fob ratios from the computation are inaccurate and insignificant as an informative indicator of the country’s actual international transportation costs. / Thesis (MBA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2011.

The purpose of this thesis is to explore the 'special relationship' between the United States and Great Britain and their ability to work together in the Far East despite widely divergent policies towards the People's Republic of China. The American policy of non-recognition of the PRC and its active support of the Republic of China, in opposition to Britain's early recognition of the PRC, did not hamper British and American efforts to work together to wage or contain the Cold War. In reference to the crises in the area of the Chinese offshore islands of Matsu and Quemoy, I would argue that the US and Britain put their differences aside during tense periods because they agreed generally on over-all policy, to disengage the PRC from the influence of the Soviet Union, but used different means to attain this goal. Both Britain and the US, to different degrees, attempted to establish 'two China's' in order to stabilize the situation in the Far East which left unchecked might trigger a third world war. The skirmishes in the offshore islands in 1954-55 and 1958 highlighted the danger of this situation and affected the related issues of the China seat in the United Nations, the embargo placed on trade with the People's Republic at the time of the Korean war, Hong Kong and the diplomatic relationships in the region. This thesis examines the impact of these issues on Far East policy, particularly, how agreements reached on the United Nations and trade issues affect British policy during the 1958 offshore islands crisis. The change in British policy from 1954 to 1958 is striking, reflecting external issues such as Suez and Harold Macmillan's rise to the office of prime minister. American policy, although less inflexible than is traditionally assumed, shifts slightly over the same period and attempts to normalize the situation by placing tighter controls on its ally, Chiang Kai-shek. As will be seen, British cooperation on Far Eastern issues was an important prerequisite for American manoeuvres in the region.

This dissertation is an attempt to promote complementarity among churches in order to affect their activities in doing mission in the Vaal Triangle region. The study tends to uncover the potential of cooperation, unity and partnership in the Body of Christ in the area which may also be an example to the churches in other cities outside the Vaal Triangle. The purpose of this is to raise the consciousness of specialization of ministries in mission to achieve greater results through target evangelism. The literature review in the second chapter revealed the biblical and theological basis of the concept. In this context complementarity is explained as churches, Para church organizations, ministers and to a certain extent, government agencies, working together to complement one another with their distinctive resources, skills and abilities to tackle the crucial issues in their communities. The complementary approach that was implemented by the Apostles during the early church show case that we have different callings which when they are all put together, work in such a way that there can never be competition but partnership. Diversity of callings directs a diverse approach to a diverse society. The literature review also highlights that a complementary approach has been there even in the Old Testament and gives insight into other related concepts like stewardship and target evangelism. Due to the fact that there are diverse groups and that the Gospel must be preached to such, it becomes imperative to target such groups with 'specialists' that will meet the exact challenges among those groups. The growing understanding that Vaal Triangle with its political history is becoming a complex area with all diverse demographics, bring to light the possibility of churches working together as an organism in spite of their distinctiveness. These fast changing demographics oblige the churches to develop complementary strategies that will match the urban growth challenges in the area as well as the evolving societal problems. There are still some underlying challenges that the churches need to do in mission work to heal the traumatic effects resulting from the previous violent era. An empirical study done among few churches found out that the churches believe that a complementary approach is necessary. Although there has been a healthy cooperation and unity in the Vaal Triangle churches history, duplication and competition have also grown like weeds and has resulted in membership recycling (moving from church to church) and less fresh new conversions. As the city evolves, there are new dynamics that requires winsome partnerships, diversity, and ministry specialization as well as target evangelism. The conclusions that the research arrived at, gave rise to recommendations that are very practical to the context of the Vaal Triangle churches. / Thesis (M.A. (Biblical Studies/Theology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

This dissertation is an attempt to promote complementarity among churches in order to affect their activities in doing mission in the Vaal Triangle region. The study tends to uncover the potential of cooperation, unity and partnership in the Body of Christ in the area which may also be an example to the churches in other cities outside the Vaal Triangle. The purpose of this is to raise the consciousness of specialization of ministries in mission to achieve greater results through target evangelism. The literature review in the second chapter revealed the biblical and theological basis of the concept. In this context complementarity is explained as churches, Para church organizations, ministers and to a certain extent, government agencies, working together to complement one another with their distinctive resources, skills and abilities to tackle the crucial issues in their communities. The complementary approach that was implemented by the Apostles during the early church show case that we have different callings which when they are all put together, work in such a way that there can never be competition but partnership. Diversity of callings directs a diverse approach to a diverse society. The literature review also highlights that a complementary approach has been there even in the Old Testament and gives insight into other related concepts like stewardship and target evangelism. Due to the fact that there are diverse groups and that the Gospel must be preached to such, it becomes imperative to target such groups with 'specialists' that will meet the exact challenges among those groups. The growing understanding that Vaal Triangle with its political history is becoming a complex area with all diverse demographics, bring to light the possibility of churches working together as an organism in spite of their distinctiveness. These fast changing demographics oblige the churches to develop complementary strategies that will match the urban growth challenges in the area as well as the evolving societal problems. There are still some underlying challenges that the churches need to do in mission work to heal the traumatic effects resulting from the previous violent era. An empirical study done among few churches found out that the churches believe that a complementary approach is necessary. Although there has been a healthy cooperation and unity in the Vaal Triangle churches history, duplication and competition have also grown like weeds and has resulted in membership recycling (moving from church to church) and less fresh new conversions. As the city evolves, there are new dynamics that requires winsome partnerships, diversity, and ministry specialization as well as target evangelism. The conclusions that the research arrived at, gave rise to recommendations that are very practical to the context of the Vaal Triangle churches. / Thesis (M.A. (Biblical Studies/Theology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.