Då färre forskning har riktats mot kollektiv sensemaking hos tvärfunktionella team, ämnar denna studie att kasta ytterligare ljus över den komplexitet som det innebär i situationer av samverkan. Således kommer djupare förståelse utvecklas för vilka aspekter som påverkar en kollektiv sensemaking. Detta är en kvalitativ studie med ett abduktivt förhållningssätt. Den empiriska datan samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer och analyseras i narrativ form. Studien är av interpretivistisk prägel, det vill säga tolkande. Expertiser, Obefogad tillhörighet; Beröringspunkter; Egen förståelse; Kompromisser; Horisontell kommunikation; Kommunikationsforum; Tydligt syfte; Att veta ‘nog’ mycket, visade sig vara aspekter som kan påverka förmågan till kollektiv sensemaking. Samtliga aspekter ger upphov till behovet av mer anpassad sensegiving. / As less research has focused on collective sensemaking in cross-functional teams, this study aims to shed further light on the complexity that it entails insituations of collaboration. Therefore, a deeper understanding will be developed of the aspects that influence a collective sensemaking.' This is a qualitative study with an abductive approach. The empirical data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analysed in narrative form. The study is of an interpretivist nature. Expertise; Unjustified belonging; Intersections; Own understandings; Compromise; Horizontal communication; Communication forum; Clear purpose; Knowing ‘enough’, turned out to be aspects that can affect the ability for collective sensemaking. All aspects give further need for a more adaptive sensegiving.

Vor dem Hintergrund einer zunehmenden Digitalisierung auch des akademischen Bildungssektors stellt sich die Frage nach Möglichkeiten digital gestützter hochschulübergreifender Kooperation in der Lehre. Der Beitrag versucht, Fallbeispiele aus sächsischen Hochschulen in einer den Einzelfall übergreifenden Darstellung in den Blick zu nehmen und zu systematisieren. Grundlage dafür ist das Verbundprojekt „Lehrkooperationen“, welches durch die Initiative „Bildungsportal Sachsen“ noch bis Ende 2018 gefördert wird. Das zugrundeliegende Programm des Arbeitskreis E-Learning der Landesrektoren-konferenz Sachsen hatte die digital gestützte hochschulübergreifende Kooperation in der Lehre, für die es an den sächsischen Hochschulen bisher nur wenige Beispiele gibt, explizit als Förderschwerpunkt benannt.

<p>Cilj ovo rada je da obezbedi informacije o apstraktnim osobinama<br />klonova ko-operacija, mrezi klonova operacija, ali i ostalim objektima koji<br />prate pojam klona. U Uvodu je pokazano kako je nastao pojam ko-algebraske strukture. Kratko se razmatraju i dva pristupa ko-algebrama: Kleislijev, koji je potekao iz konteksta teorije kategorija [Kle 65], i Drbohlavov, koji je po osnovnoj ideji blizi<br />univerzalnoj algebri, i koji je usvojen u ovom radu. Glava 0 sadrzi spisak osnovnih pojmova i oznaka vezanih za skupove, preslikavanja, relacije, mreze i particije koji se koriste u celom radu, dok se u Glavama 1 i 2 uvode standardni termini teorije klonova operacija i ko-operacija i daje pregled poznatih rezultata. Originalni rezultati rada sadrzani su u Glavama 3&ndash;7. Glava 3 sadrzi osnovni rezultat rada. Pomocu kontravarijantnog liftinga kooperacija uspostavlja se izomorfizam izmedju klona svih ko-operacija skupa X s jedne strane i jednog posebnog klona operacija skupa P(X) sa druge strane. Pokazuje se da je isto preslikavanje ujedno i potapanje algebre kooperacija skupa X u algebru operacija skupa P(X) koja je standardna u teoriji klonova. Takodje se pokazuje da je kontravarijantni lifting klonova ujedno i izomorfizam mreze klonova ko-operacija skupa X i jednog glavnog ideala u mrezi klonova na P(X). Nakon ispitivanja lokalno ko-zatvorenih klonova ko-operacija pokazujemo u u kakvom odnosu stoje reprezentacije klonova ko-operacija selektivnim operacijama s jedne strane [Cs&acute;a 85], i operacijama na partitivnom skupu s druge strane. Reprezentaciju operacijama na partitivnom skupu, mada izomorfna jednom specijalnom slucaju reprezentacije selektivnim operacijama, smatramo bitnom, zato sto se njome klonovi ko-operacija smestaju u poznati ambijent skupovnih Booleovih algebri, umesto u prilicno opskuran prostor selektivnih operacija. U pretposlednjem odeljku se razmatra odnos klonova ko-operacija i klonova operacija kroz proces liftinga, sto je omoguceno cinjenicom da i kontravarijantni lifting klona svih ko-operacija i kovarijantni lifting klona svih operacija skupa X odredjuju klon operacija skupa P X. Na samom kraju ove pomalo dugacke glave se ispituju odnosi klonova ko-relacija i klonova relacija kroz prizmu monoida<br />transformacija. U Glavi 4 se izlazu neke osobine mreze klonova ko-operacija kao parcijalno uredjenog skupa. Opisani su intervali Int(M) za neke posebne monoide transformacija M. Pokazano je da u slucaju M = TX u mrezi klonova ko-operacijane postoji &ldquo;Burlova anomalija&rdquo; (ispitivanja kolapsirajucih monoida su, medjutim, odlozena do Glave 5). Nakon toga je predlozena jedna konstrukcija skupa nezavisnih ko-operacija na osnovu koje je dobijena donja granica za broj klonova ko-operacija na konacnom skupu i tacan broj klonova ko-operacija na beskonacnom skupu. Iako je dobijena donja granica prilicno neprecizna, na osnovu nje se sasvim jasno uocava &ldquo;veoma eksponencijalna priroda&rdquo; ovog broja. Ispitivanja jednog posebnog glavnog filtera mreze klonova ko-operacija nam daju gornju granicu za visinu mreze. Glava 5 je posve&acute;cena ispitivanjima maksimalnih klonova ko-operacija na kona-cnom skupu. Maksimalni klonovi ko-operacija su opisani u radu [Sz&acute;ek 89] kao skupovi operacija koji slabo cuvaju regularne familije skupova. Prvo se daje interpretacija ovog rezultata u terminima ko-relacija i pokazuje se da je ovakav opis najbolji moguci kada se u obzir uzme arnost dobijenih ko-relacija. Nakon toga se pokazuje da nijedan maksimalan klon nema Shefferovu ko-operaciju i daje se opis U&rdquo;&iexcl;1-maksimalnih klonova ko-operacija. Paznja se dalje prenosi na preseke maksimalnih klonova ko-operacija. Prvo se razmatraju preseci nekih parova maksimalnih klonova i pokazuje se da to ne mora uvek biti maksimalni klon, a kasnije se konstruiˇse potapanje mreze cLB1 &pound; : : : &pound; cLBk u mrezu cLX. Potom se pokazuje da je mreza cLX komplementirana, a na samom kraju se razmatraju kolapsirajuci klonovi ko-operacija i monoidi. Glava 6 je posvecena opisu minimalnih klonova ko-operacija i svih supminimalnih klonova ko-operacija koji nisu esencijalno unarni. Uvid u strukturu supminimalnih klonova omogucuje izvodjenje donje granice za visinu mreze klonova ko-operacija. Glava sadrzi i kratak komentar o asocijativnosti kooperacija. U Glavi 7 se razmatraju enumerativne osobine mreze klonova ko-operacija na troelementnom skupu, kao i nekih njenih pratecih objekata. Osim utvrdjivanja kardinalnosti mreze na skupu f0; 1; 2g, odredjena je njena visina, kao<br />i svi submaksimalni klonovi. Poseban odeljak je posvecen enumeraciji baz&macr;a<br />klona svih ko-operacija i svih maksimalnih klonova, klasicnoj temi u teoriji<br />klonova. U dodacima su navedene tabele kojima se sumarizuju rezultati ove<br />glave i dat je opis jednostavnog softverskog alata koji ima ulogu &ldquo;raˇcunarskog<br />atlasa&rdquo; mreˇze cL3. S obzirom da mreza ima previse elemenata da bi se mogao<br />dati njen Hasse dijagram, &ldquo;racunarski atlas&rdquo; se pokazao kao najjednostavniji<br />i najefikasniji nacin da se dodje do informacija o mrezi. Napomenimo da su mnogi rezultati u ovom radu dobijeni uopstavanjem osobina mreze koje su otkrivene &ldquo;prelistavanjem atlasa&rdquo;. Navedimo kao primer strukturu U&rdquo;&iexcl;1- maksimalnih klonova, gornju i donju granicu za visinu mreze, cinjenicu da je mreza komplementirana, kao i to da maksimalni klonovi nemaju Shefferovu ko-operaciju.</p> / <p>The aim of this thesis is to provide information on abstract properties of clones of co- operations, the lattice of clones of co-operations and other accompanying objects.&nbsp; Introduction to the thesis demonstrates in short the genesis of concepts of co-operation and co-algebra and presents two approaches to the topic: the Kleisli&nbsp; approach which originated in the category theory, and the approach<br />of Drbohlav which is more in the spirit of universal algebra and which is adopted in the thesis.<br />Chapter 0 is a short display of standard set-theoretic terminology and notation which is used in the thesis.<br />Chapters 1 and 2 present standard notions of theory of clones of operations and co-operations, respectively. They contain lists of the most important known results. The original contribution of this thesis is contained in Chapters 3&ndash;7.<br />Chapter 3 contains the basic result of the thesis. By means of contravariant lifting of co-operations we establish an isomorphism between the clone&nbsp; of all co-operations on a set X and one special clone of operations on the set P(X). This isomorphism is not only the abstract clone isomorphism, but also a lattice isomorphism between the lattice of all clones of co-operations on X and a principal ideal in the lattice of all clones of operations on P(X). The same mapping is an embedding of the algebra of co-operations on X into the algebra of operations on P(X). Locally co-closed clones of operations are also characterised via this most useful mapping. Representation of clones of co-operations by operations on the powerset is compared to the representation by selective operations. Although isomorphic to a special case of the representation by selective operations, representation by operations on the powerset is highly important because it places clones of co-operations into a familiar setting of set-theoretic Boolean algebras, rather then in the quite obscure setting of selective algebras. At the end of this lengthy chapter, we investigate the relationship of corresponding liftings of the clone of all operations and the clone of all co-operations, and ellaborate the lifting proces and the interplay between description of transformation monoids by relations and co-relations.<br />Chapter 4 exibits some order-theoretic properties of the lattice of clones of co-operations. Intervals of the form Int(M) are described for some special transformation monoids M. In case M = TX it is demonstrated that the socalled &ldquo;Burle anomaly&rdquo; does not occur in the lattice of clones of co-operations. The investigation of collapsing clones and monoids is, however, deferred until&nbsp; Chapter 5. After that a construction of an independent set of co-operations is presented, based on which a lower bound for the number of clones of cooperations is obtained. Although pretty rough, this lower bound shows that the number of clones of co-operations on a finite set is of a &ldquo;very exponental nature&rdquo;. The number of clones of operations on an infinite set is also obtained. The investigations of a particular principal filter of the lattice provide an upper bound for the height of the lattice. Chapter 5 is devoted to the investigation of maximal clones of co-operations on a finite set. All the maximal clones of co-operations are described in [Sz&acute;ek 89] in terms of regular families. We first reinterpret that result in terms of co-relations and show that the description is the best possible as far as arities of co-relations involved are considered. After that we supply some more information on the maximal clones. We show that no maximal clone of co-operations has a Sheffer co-operation and describe clones covered by U&rdquo;&iexcl;1.<br />Then we turn to intersections of maximal clones of co-operations. First we consider intersections of some special pairs of maximal clones and show that in some cases this is not a maximal clone. As for the intersection of several maximal clones of co-operations, we show how to embed cLB1 &pound; : : : &pound; cLBk<br />in cLX. Using results on the structure of maximal clones we show that the lattice cLX is complemented. The chaptr ends with a note on collapsing clones of co-operations.<br />Chapter 6 provides the description of minimal clones of co-operations and those supminimal clones of co-operations which are not essentially unary. The structure of supminimal clones of co-operations provides a lower bound for the height of the lattice of clones of co-operations. As a spin-off, there is<br />a brief discussion on associativity.<br />Chapter 7 is devoted to enumerations of various objects connected to the lattice of clones of co-operations on a three element set. Besides the enumeration of the lattice itself, the submaximal clones have been listed and the height of the lattice on a three element set is determined. A separate section deals with a classical clone-theoretic topic of enumerating the bases for the clone of all co-operations and for the maximal clones of co-operations. The Appendices to this chapter contain some tables that summarize various enumerations, as well as a description of a modest software tool that palys the role of the &ldquo;computer atlas&rdquo; of cL3. Since the lattice has too many elements to be drawn explicitely, this was the simplest and the most efficient way to handle it. Let us remark that many results of this thesis were obtained by gathering the information on the particular case from the &ldquo;computer atlas&rdquo;<br />and by generalisation, such as: the structure of U&rdquo;&iexcl;1 maximal clones, the bounds for the height of the lattice, the fact that maximal clones have noSheffer co-operation and the fact that cLX is complemented.</p>

... Für die erfolgreiche Umsetzung digitalgestützter Lehre nehmen sowohl hochschulinterne als auch -übergreifende Kooperationen einen immer höheren ... Stellenwert ein. Die damit einhergehende Vernetzung und das Zusammenwirken verschiedener Bildungsanbieter bilden die Grundlage des lebenslangen Lernens sowie der bildungsbereichübergreifenden Gestaltung von individuellen Bildungsbiografien (vgl. Schleifenbaum, & Walther, 2015). Die Anbahnung und Durchführung von insbesondere digitalen Lehr-Kooperationen erfordern über reine IT-Kenntnisse hinausgehende Kompetenzen seitens der Lehrenden. Für gelingende Kooperationsprozesse zwischen Lehrenden sind daher weitere Facetten digitaler Kompetenz erforderlich, wie bspw. bzgl. der Durchführung von Kommunikationsund Kooperationsprozessen im digitalen Raum, des Aufbaus einer eigenen digitalen Lehr- und Forscher:innen-Identität sowie der Reflexion des eigenen digitalen Lehr-Handelns (Eichhorn, Müller, & Tillmann, 2017; Eichhorn, 2020). [Aus: Herausforderungen für die digitalgestützte Hochschullehre]

Cette thèse propose une analyse croisée des coopérations inter-organisationnelles territorialisées (CIOT) et du capital social, entendu comme l'ensemble de ressources accessibles aux organisations généré par leurs relations professionnelles. Pour cela, nous développons une méthode rapprochant une caractérisation des réseaux sociaux professionnels par classification des acteurs et relations, avec les formes de coopérations révélées par une analyse qualitative. Cette méthode est appliquée au thermalisme dans les Landes, secteur captif d'une ressource locale, l'eau minérale naturelle, et caractérisé par la proximité de nombreux acteurs publics et privés qui s'interrogent sur leurs coopérations en vue de s'adapter aux mutations de leur environnement. Nos résultats mettent à jour les liens entre le capital social collectif détenu par l'ensemble des organisations publiques et privées du thermalisme dans Les Landes et deux types de CIOT. D'une part, notre analyse indique qu'un capital social collectif faible entrave la gouvernance territoriale mixte (publique-privée). D'autre part, nos résultats suggèrent que les difficultés de la coopétition entre acteurs privés concurrents proches géographiquement ne s'expliquent pas uniquement par leur capital social collectif, mais par d'autres facteurs, en particulier humains. / This thesis provides a cross analysis of local inter-organizational cooperations (LIOC) and social capital, understood as accessible resources through professional relationships. For this purpose, we develop an analysis method that reconciles the characterization of professional social networks by the classification of actors and relations, with forms of cooperation revealed by a qualitative analysis.This method is applied to thermalism in Les Landes. This sector is strongly entrenched in the local mineral water resource and is characterized by the proximity of numerous public and private actors who question their cooperations in order to adapt to their evolving environment.The results indicate links between social capital owned by all private and public actors of thermalism in Les Landes and two kinds of LIOC. First, our analysis show that weak collective social capital hinders mixed (public-private) local governance. Second, our results suggest that difficulties of coopetition between geographically close private competitors may not only due to collective social capital, but they could be explained by other factors, particularly human factors.

ABSTRACT Title: Level: Author: Supervisor: Date: Aim: Method: Accepted price – An Analysis of Cooperation in the Real Estate Markets and its Pricing. Final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration Madeleine Gustafsson and Sofie Billstam Jonas Kågström 2012 - May The aim with this final assignment is to investigate if the introduction and the cooperation of accepted price was necessary to generate a more stable real estate market with marketable listing prices in Stockholm. The introduction of accepted price led to a cooperation with some of the most important real estate firms in Stockholm. This cooperation was opposed by a number of companies on the real estate market. This fact inspired to examine similarities and differences of being and not being part of the cooperation and thereafter comment on the outcome. The aim is to compare the pricing between companies within the cooperation of accepted price and external companies and the advantages and disadvantages of entering and not entering a collaboration. The main questions to be answered are: - Is the cooperation necessary to regulate listing prices to a marketable level? - What are the effects of higher listing prices on the Swedish real estate market? - What´s the best possible method when pricing listing price? - What are the advantages and disadvantages of entering and not entering a collaboration? The final assignment has been implemented in an abductive way. The essay is mainly based on secondary data in form of journals, websites, literature and qualitative empirical data collected trough three interviews with Erik Carlborg, Mats Uddare and Fastighetsmäklarnämnden. Quantitative empirical data has been collected trough a questionnaire sent to real estate agents working at Svensk Fastighetsförmedling in Stockholm. Theory and empirical evidence has been analyzed and linked together in the analysis chapter, where the essayists’ thoughts and opinions have been presented. Result &amp; Conclusions: Suggestions for future research: Contribution of the thesis: Key words: The result of the study demonstrates that cooperation between competitors in the same industry in this case is positive since it does not involve a "win-lose situation". How a listing price is set can be affected by numerous factors. To conclude, it is important to keep the price at a marketable level in order to keep the real estate market stable. What the pricing is called is less significant. The pricing should only be called price. The study is delimited to two companies, Svensk Fastighetsförmedling and Karlsson&amp;Uddare, and can therefore not represent the entire real estate market in Stockholm. The study has been limited to brokers at Svensk Fastighetsförmedling in order to compare the brokers’ views with the views of the management within the company. Since the accepted price is relatively new on the Swedish market, there is also a limitation in comparing similarities and differences over time. Suggestions for future research may therefore be to examine how the accepted price has affected the market for a longer period of time, and how the cooperation of accepted price is progressing. A larger study may also be performed where more firms and brokers could be included in order to generalize to the entire industry. This essay contributes whit the brokers’ opinion about the introduction of accepted price, which has not been examined earlier. In addition to this, the essay contributes with an analysis about cooperations and pricing, which are the main parts with accepted price. It also shows the advantages and disadvantages of being and not being part of the cooperation. Accepted price, Listing price, Time on market, competing cooperations, Svensk Fastighetsförmedling, Karlsson &amp; Uddare.

This thesis examines whether two sharing economy organisations, Uber and Bilpoolarna, can be characterized by Elinor Ostrom’s principles for cooperation of common goods or not. The idea for the research question came from the global difficulties with the decision-making regarding the climate issue and Elinor Ostroms studies about the possibility to create sustainable cooperations regarding the distribution of common goods. If cooperation is possible, we might be able to together develop the climate actions in the right direction and make sustainable distributions of resources we have despite missing actions on a global level. The current growth of the sharing economy could be a sign of that possibility. The final result is that the association Bilpoolarna fulfills all principles more or less while Uber fails to fulfill principle 3, 5 and 6, and only to a small extent fulfills the remaining principles. The result indicates that Ostrom’s principles of cooperation not only characterizes common, non-excludable goods such as water and land, but also can extend its principles to the distribution of modern resources, such as the cars of Bilpoolarna – as long as the cooperation is voluntary and on a local level.