yes / Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas with four and eight elements having connected grounds are designed for ultra-wideband applications. Careful optimization of the lines connecting the grounds leads to reduced mutual coupling amongst the radiating patches. The proposed antenna has a modified substrate geometry and comprises a circular arc-shaped conductive element on the top with the modified ground plane geometry. Polarization diversity and isolation are achieved by replicating the elements orthogonally forming a plus shape antenna structure. The modified ground plane consists of an inverted L strip and semi ellipse slot over the partial ground that helps the antenna in achieving effective wide bandwidth spanning from (117.91%) 2.84–11 GHz. Both 4/8-port antenna achieves a size of 0.61 λ × 0.61 λ mm2 (lowest frequency) where 4-port antenna is printed on FR4 substrate. The 4-port UWB MIMO antenna attains wide impedance bandwidth, Omni-directional pattern, isolation >15 dB, ECC 4.5 dB making the MIMO antenna suitable for portable UWB applications. Four element antenna structure is further extended to 8-element configuration with the connected ground where the decent value of IBW, isolation, and ECC is achieved.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第25263号 / 工博第5222号 / 新制||工||1996(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 林 為人, 教授 小池 克明, 講師 石塚 師也, 教授 須崎 純一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

科學研究中，我們常關注變數間是否存在某種相關，及其相關的程度與方向。但傳統的相關分析方法，並不適用於更能表達真實情況的模糊資料。 在統計學中，討論資料之相關性的統計量有許多，本研究旨在針對討論兩變數間之線性關係的皮爾森相關係數 (Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient)，以模糊統計方法的角度，提出合理的模糊直線相關係數定義，以協助處理區間模糊資料，瞭解模糊資料間的線性關係。 / In the scientific research, we often pay attention to whether there are some relations between two variables, and the strength and direction of a linear relationship. But the traditional statistics method is not suitable for the fuzzy data. There are a lot of statistics of discussing the relevance between two variables. In this study, a modified method, combining Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient and fuzzy theory, was applied to deal with the fuzzy data, and find the linear relation among them.

Viso pasaulio ir atskirų valstybių ekonomika pasižymi tuo, jog pagaminamos produkcijos kiekis kasmet kinta ir ilgu laikotarpiu būna nepastovus. Vienais metais produkcijos pagaminama daugiau, kitais mažiau. Pradėjusi mažėti gamybos apimtis sukelia daugybę šalutinių efektų: ima mažėti įmonių pajamos ir pelnai, mažiau pinigų lieka investicijoms, mažėja produktyvumas, didėja prekių atsargos sandėliuose, galiausiai tenka atleisti dalį darbuotojų ar sumažinti darbo užmokestį. Žmonės, gaunantys mažesnes pajamas, išleidžia mažiau pinigų ir taip priverčia įmones dar labiau riboti savo išlaidas. Tokiu būdu patenkama į užburtą ratą, kai priežastys tampa pasekmėmis ir jos tarpusavy kartojasi, tačiau ne visos ūkio šakos vienodai stipriai reaguoja į ekonomikos svyravimus. Darbo objektas – skirtingų ūkio sektorių jautrumas verslo ciklams. Darbo tikslas – nustatyti individualų skirtingų ūkio sektorių jautrumą verslo ciklams. Darbo uždaviniai: • Išanalizuoti verslo ciklo sąvoką, siekiant suvokti jo įtaką visai ekonomikai ir įmonėms • Nustatyti ciklinių svyravimų priežastis bei pasekmes, kurios atsiranda ekonomikai esant žemiausioje verslo ciklo fazėje • Remiantis moksliniais darbais bei specializuotų agentūrų informacija, išnagrinėti verslo ciklų indikatorius, nustatant jų reikšmę verslo ciklų analizėje • Išanalizuoti įmonėje dėl ekonomikos cikliškumo susidarantį užburtą ratą, kuris leistų suprasti procesus, vykstančius ciklų metu • Remiantis mokslininkų tyrimais, nustatyti daugiausiai ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The economy of all the world and different counties is characterized by the annual changes of production volume, that in the long-term is erratic. One year the amount of production is higher, others lower. The decrease in volume of production causes many side effects such as declining corporate earnings and profits, less money for investment, declining productivity, increasing inventory of goods in warehouses, then it leads firing workers or reducing wages. People with lower levels of income, spend less money and that makes companies even more to limit their costs. In this way, we get into the vicious circle, where causes become results and they inter-repeat, but not all economic sectors equally respond to economic fluctuations. Object – different economic sectors sensitivity to business cycles. The aim – to identify the individual sensitivity of different economic sectors to business cycles. Objectives: • To explore the concept of the business cycle, in order to understand it‘s impact on the economy and companies. • To find out the causes and the consequences of the cyclical fluctuations, that appears then the economy is in the lowest stage of the business cycle. • On the basis of scientific works and information of the specialized agencies, to analyze the business cycle indicators determining their value in business cycle analysis. • To analyze a vicious circle in the company, forming because of cycles of economy, which would allow to understand the processes during the... [to full text]

- 6 - Abstract Title: Comparison of performance tests results determined during kayak spiroergometry with achieved kayak paddling performance. Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine relationships between functional parameters values found during kayak spiroergometry and sport performance at 1000 meters distance, and how are these relationships going to change based on training period. Methods: To determine statistical dependence between sport performance at 1000 meters distance and choosen factors of sport performance, the correlation research was used - as a variable-dependent value the final result of sport performance at 1000 meters distance was used, as a variable-independent amounts functional parameters values found during kayak spiroergometry were used. To discover the statistical dependence methods of Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used. Results: General level of kayak-athletes from testing file indicated by functional parameters values and demonstrated by kayak spiroergometry performance depends on kayak- athlete's level of sport performance at 1000 meters distance in prepared-training period only, when importance for general condition is emphasized. We did not discover the same phenomenon based on pre-racing period testing results. Sport performance at...

This diploma thesis deals with the technical analysis with the emphasis on creating, testing and using of trading systems. Its objective is to find out whether it is possible for a trader to design and trade his own profitable trading system with widely accessible tools and methods. First part of the thesis concentrates among other things on the explanation of stock valuation principles, description of tested shares and time period. The second and third chapters fully describe the process of trading system development and the analysis of results of both trading systems. Last chapter is devoted to the interconnection of European stock markets, which is explored by the means of correlation analysis among different stock indexes. The correlation coefficients show a strong link of the markets and the rising level of integration of European markets.

Esta tese trata de dois assuntos importantes na teoria de risco: o fenômeno da dependência local e a identificação e mensuração de assimetrias apresentadas pelos dados. A primeira parte trata de dependência local, sendo abordadas algumas medidas já analisadas na literatura. Versões locais dos coeficientes de Kendall e Spearman , baseadas na distribuição condicional dos dados, são propostas. São apresentadas algumas propriedades dessas medidas e a aplicação das mesmas a algumas cópulas. Na segunda parte são apresentados resultados sobre cópulas bivariadas que são as menos associativas e menos bi-simétricas segundo o critério de máxima distância modular. A última parte trata da não-permutabilidade e assimetria radial dos dados. Uma medida de não-permutabilidade baseada nos coeficientes de correlação condicional é proposta e aplicada a algumas distribuições. No final, o conceito de quantil bivariado é aplicado nas definições de medidas para avaliar o grau de permutabilidade e de simetria radial presentes na estrutura de dependência dos dados e de testes de hipóteses para verificar se a cópula subjacente aos dados é permutável ou radialmente simétrica. / In this thesis two important fields in risk theory are studied: the local dependence phenomenon and the identification and measuring of asymmetries contained in data. The first part deals with local dependence: some measures already studied in the literature are presented and discussed, and local versions of the coefficients Kendall and Spearman , based on the conditional distribution of data, are proposed. Properties of these measures and some examples concerning its application are treated. In the second part are presented some results about bivariate copulas which are the least associative and the least bi-symmetric according to the maximum modular distance. The last part analyses the nonexchangeability and the radial asymmetry of data. A measure of nonexchangeability based on the conditional correlation coefficient is proposed and applied to some distribution functions. At the end, the concept of bivariate quantile is applied in the definitions of measures for evaluating the degree of exchangeability and radial symmetry present in data and of hypothesis tests proposed for verifying whether the underlying copula is exchangeable or radially symmetric.

The objective of this thesis is to proof possibilities to use data from the electronic revenue records to measure the visit rate and process recommendations for the use in tourism. The thesis focuses on the tourism sector. Concepts and related terminology are explained. Described in this thesis are sources of the information about visitors, profiles of visitors, decision-making process about visits, and selected technologies used to measure the visit rate. Reasons, problems and classification related to measurements of the visit rate are included in the thesis as well. The practical part examines the use of information from electronic revenue records for the purpose of measuring the number of visitors based on the calculation of Pearson's correlation coefficients. The principal how EET functions is explained in the thesis. Significant part of the work is the analysis of daily and monthly revenues of electronic records in the sector of lodging in regions of the Czech Republic. Based on this analysis, 6 groups are determined in which the development of daily seasonality takes place in a specific way. An important part is also the calculation of average cost of accommodation in regions, which identifies certain economic impacts of tourism. Part of the thesis are summarized recommendations for the use of data from EET.

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No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação TopCD.pdf: 1350439 bytes, checksum: 0566d9ec824051dc45f1ae413a77db95 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-03 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade combinatória em um dialelo completo de trigo na geração F2, como critério para seleção de genitores promissores, bem como, revelar as associações de causa e efeito entre os componentes e o rendimento de grãos em função de diferentes manejos de nitrogênio. Foram realizados dois experimentos no campo experimental da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Campus Frederico Westphalen. No primeiro experimento foram utilizados cinco genótipos de trigo (Tbio Mestre, Mirante, Quartzo, Pampeano e Fundacep Horizonte), submetidos a cruzamentos artificiais no ano de 2013, conforme modelo dialélico completo. Em 2015, as 20 populações F2’s e os cinco genitores foram conduzidos em blocos aumentados de Federer, e os genitores dispostos em quatro repetições. Os caracteres avaliados foram: massa de grãos por planta, altura de inserção da espiga, estatura de planta, número de afilhos férteis, espaçamento entre espigueta na espiga, número de espiguetas e comprimento da espiga. Foram realizadas as análises de capacidade geral e específica de combinação, efeito recíproco materno e não-materno. O segundo experimento foi conduzido em blocos ao acaso, sob esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com três genótipos (Fundacep 52, TBIO Mestre e TBIO Itaipu), duas fontes nitrogenadas (Ureia e Nitrato de amônia) e quatro manejos de nitrogênio (I: ausência de nitrogênio, II: 100% no afilhamento, III: 50% no afilhamento e 50% no emborrachamento e VI: 33,3% no afilhamento, 33,3% no emborrachamento e 33,3% no florescimento). Os caracteres avaliados foram: massa de mil grãos, número de grãos por espiga, massa de grãos na espiga principal, rendimento de grãos, estatura de planta, número de afilhos férteis e comprimento da espiga. Foram realizadas a análise de variância conjunta e posteriormente a correlação linear de Pearson e análise de trilha individual para cada manejo de nitrogênio. O genitor Cep Horizonte apresenta elevada capacidade de combinação para massa de grãos por planta. Quartzo e Mirante maximizaram o número de espiguetas por espiga e comprimento de espiga, respectivamente, e Tbio Mestre mostrou-se promissor para redução da altura de inserção da espiga, estatura de planta e espaçamento entre espiguetas na espiga. Para os cruzamentos realizados existem combinações híbridas favoráveis para pelo menos, uma das características avaliadas com base da capacidade específica de combinação. O efeito recíproco demostra-se presente nos caracteres avaliados. O manejo nitrogenado altera as relações de causa e efeito entre os componentes de rendimento de grãos nos genótipos estudados. A adoção do manejo sem nitrogênio aplicado em cobertura (manejo I), indica a relação de causa e efeito entre o número de afilhos férteis e o rendimento de grãos do trigo. A adoção de qualquer um dos outros manejos de nitrogênio, revela que a massa de grãos da espiga principal e o número de afilhos férteis possui relação de causa e efeito com o rendimento de grãos do trigo. / The aim of this work was to evaluate the combining ability of a wheat F2 generation through a full diallel, as a criterion for selecting promising genitors, as well as to reveal the associations of cause and effect between components and grain yield as function of different nitrogen management. Two experiments were carried out in the experimental field of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Campus Frederico Westphalen. Five wheat genotypes (Tbio Mestre, Mirante, Quartzo, Pampeano e Fundacep Horizonte) were used in the first experiment, which were subjected to artificial crosses in the year of 2013, according to the full diallel model. In 2015, the twenty F2 populations and the five genitors were conducted in Federer´s augmented blocks, with genitors arranged in four repetitions. The evaluated traits were: mass of grains per plant, spike insertion height, plant height, number of fertile tillers, spikelets spacing in the spike, number of spikelets and spike length. There were performed the analyses of general and specific combining ability, maternal and non-maternal reciprocal effects. The second experiment was conducted in randomized blocks, under subdivided plots, with three genotypes (Fundacep 52, TBIO Mestre and TBIO Itaipu), two nitrogen sources (urea and ammonium nitrate) and four nitrogen managements (I: absence of nitrogen, II: 100% at tilling stage, III: 50% at tilling stage, and 50% at booting stage, VI: 33.3% at tilling, 33.3% at booting and 33.3% at flowering. The evaluated traits were: mass of a thousand grains, number of grains per spike, mass of grains in the main spike, grain yield, plant height, number of fertile tillers and spike length. It was performed the analysis of joint variance followed by Pearson´s linear correlation and individual path analysis for each nitrogen management. The genitor Cep Horizonte presents high combining ability for mass of grains per plant. Quartzo and Mirante maximized the number of spikelets per spike and spike length, respectively, and Tbio Mestre presented itself promising for reduction of spike insertion height, plant height and spikelet spacing in the spike. Regarding the crosses performed, there are favorable hybrid combinations for at least one of the evaluated traits based on the specific combining ability. The reciprocal effect is present in the evaluated traits. Nitrogen management alters the relation of cause and effect among grain yield and its components. The adoption of no nitrogen on topdressing (management I) indicates the cause and effect relationship between number of fertile tillers and grain yield of wheat. The adoption of any other nitrogen managements reveals that mass of grains in the main spike and number of fertile tillers present cause and effect relationship with grain yield.

兩變數之間是否相關，以及相關的程度與方向是統計研究學者所關注的一項課題。傳統上使用皮爾森相關係數(Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient)來表達兩實數變數間線性關係的強度與方向。然而，對於反映人類思維不確定性的模糊資料而言，傳統的相關分析方法卻有不足與不適用之缺失。 　　本論文的主要目的在於尋求一個合理、適用的區間模糊資料相關係數，提供研究者簡單且容易計算的模糊相關係數求法，用以了解區間模糊資料間的相關程度。接著利用轉換離散型模糊數成為區間模糊數的方式，處理離散型模糊資料間的相關係數。最後，以國中數學教學現場所調查的資料做實例應用。 / In statistical studies, the correlation between two variables and its strength and direction are always concerned. Traditionally, the Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient is used to convey the linear relationship between two variables. However, the traditional correlation analysis is not applicable to the fuzzy data which are able to reflect more appropriately the uncertainty of human thinking. 　　The main purpose of the study is to find a reasonable and usable correlation coefficient of interval fuzzy data which provides researchers a simple and easy way to calculate and find the fuzzy correlation coefficient. Meanwhile, it can help us understand the correlation of interval fuzzy data. Moreover, we use the process of transforming discrete fuzzy number into the interval fuzzy number to deal with the correlation coefficient of discrete fuzzy data. Finally, we utilize the data from mathematics teaching in junior high school for application.