Ces travaux s'inscrivent dans le cadre d'un projet de recherche translationnel visant à améliorer la conception des corsets orthopédiques de traitement de la scoliose par la mise en place, par méthode inverse, d'un modèle biomécanique global, simplifié et personnalisé, propre au tronc de chaque patient scoliotique. Ils constituent la première étape de ce projet, à savoir, développer et mettre en œuvre des techniques, outils et protocoles permettant, d'une part, la construction d'un modèle géométrique 3D de la surface externe et des éléments internes du tronc du patient à partir de radiographies bi-planes issues d'un équipement standard et du système Model Maker (Proteor), et d'autre part, la mesure des pressions exercées par le corset ainsi que leur recalage sur les géométries reconstruites. Des reconstructions géométriques 3D du tronc avec et sans corset ainsi que des mesures de pressions ont été réalisées pour 11 patients. La conception d'un unique dispositif de calibration associé à un protocole spécifique permet l'acquisition des différentes données quasi sans déplacements du patient. Sa facilité de transport, d'installation et son faible coût, associés à un temps d'acquisition ne pénalisant pas le confort du patient, rendent envisageable son utilisation en routine clinique. L'utilisation de modèles géométriques paramétriques, associée à des équations de prédiction des paramètres anatomiques, permet d'obtenir une initialisation rapide des géométries des éléments internes du tronc à partir d'un nombre réduit de points anatomiques à numériser. Les mesures de la pression exercée par le corset, effectuées à l'aide d'un dispositif innovant muni de capteurs entièrement réalisés en fibres textiles lui permettant d'épouser parfaitement les courbes anatomiques, ont mis en avant les variations de correction, non négligeables, qu'entraînent la modification de la position du patient. / This thesis is a part of a translational research project to improve scoliosis orthopedic brace design through the use, by inverse method, of a simplified and personalized comprehensive biomechanical model for each scoliotic patient’s trunk. It represents the first step of this project, namely, to develop and to implement methods, tools and protocols allowing, on one hand, 3D reconstruction of the external shape and internal components of patient’s trunk from biplanar X-rays (performed with a standard device) and the Model Maker system (Proteor), and on the other hand, measurements of the pressure infered by the brace and their registration on the reconstructed geometry. 3D modeling of the trunk with and without brace as well as pressure measurement were carried out on 11 patients. The development of a common calibration device associated to a specific protocol allows data acquisition nearly without displacements of the patient. Its ease of transportation, installation and a low cost associated with an acquisition time which not penalize the patient’s comfort make possible its use in clinical routine. The use of parametrics geometrical models associated with prediction equations of anatomical parameters provides fast initialization of the geometries of trunk’s internal elements from a reduced number of anatomical landmarks to digitize. Measurements of the pressure infered by the brace, performed thanks to an innovative device made of pressure-sensitive textile fibers allowing it to perfectly fit anatomical curves, have highlighted significant correction variations according to the patient’s position.

Master's thesis: Victorian era fashion theoretical and practical source of inspiration. Theoretical part of thesis explores fashion in 19 th century in UK in the context of contemporary facts. Thesis describes a development in particular parts of women's clothing which reflects former spirit and culture. In the next chapter is discussed how Victorian England has inspired nowadays fashion and its impact on modern subcultures. There are additionally added images for deeper understanding of this complex phenomena. Practical part of the thesis consists of development of ball jointed doll which was inspired by Victorian fashion. In addition, it includes sketches and workflow with visualization.

The theoretical part of the thesis should bring us into the issue followed by subsequent analysis and comparison of body modifications such as piercings, microdermal implants, tattoos and corsets in the socio-cultural discourse. The following section should be focused on the differences between ethnic cultures with respect to the issue outlined. The output of the practical part is based on theoretical knowledge, basic manual should be the final product, which would introduce the issue of deliberate physical transformation of the main points to the general public.

Le port d’un corset orthopédique de 20 à 23 heures par jour est reconnu comme efficace pour prévenir la progression de la courbe chez les adolescents atteints de scoliose idiopathique, mais il engendre des conséquences biopsychosociales importantes qui perturbent leur quotidien et qui contribuent à un problème de non-adhésion au corset généralisé. En effet, le temps de port réel observé est d’environ 12 heures par jour. Il n’existe aucune intervention dans la littérature qui vise à améliorer l’adhésion au corset pour cette population spécifique. Le but de ce mémoire était de concevoir un modèle interprofessionnel d’interventions de soutien à l’adhésion au traitement par corset chez les patients atteints de scoliose idiopathique. Pour répondre à ce but, nous avons effectué des entrevues individuelles auprès de neuf professionnels d’expertises variées afin de comprendre leurs perspectives et leurs stratégies potentielles pour soutenir les patients vers une meilleure adhésion au corset. Les entrevues ont été enregistrées, transcrites et codées. Nous avons procédé à l’analyse thématique des verbatim et conçu le modèle d’intervention résultant. Lors des entrevues, les participants ont relevé des barrières à l’adhésion au corset et au soutien professionnel ainsi que des stratégies fonctionnelles, éducatives, motivationnelles, psychologiques et interprofessionnelles pour répondre à ces barrières. Le modèle a été validé par un panel d’experts cliniques. Le modèle d’intervention Interprofessionnel en Soutien à l’Adhésion (IPSA) au traitement par corset est structuré en trois paliers (préparation au corset, ateliers de groupe et consultation individuelle) et nous estimons qu’il a un grand potentiel d’implantation en clinique de scoliose. / Wearing a spinal brace between 20 to 23 hours a day is recognized as effective to prevent curve progression in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis, but it generates important biopsychosocial consequences that disturb patients’ daily activities and that contribute to the generalized problem of brace nonadherence. Indeed, the observed time spent in-brace is approximately 12 hours a day. A thorough review of the literature could not yield any intervention to enhance brace adherence for this specific population. The purpose of this master’s thesis is to develop an interprofessional support intervention model to enhance brace adherence in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. To fulfill this purpose, we have conducted individual interviews with 9 professionals of various expertise in order to understand their perspectives and their potential strategies to support patients towards better brace adherence. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and coded. We proceeded to a thematic analysis of the interview transcripts, which resulted in the intervention model. During the interviews, participants mentioned adherence barriers to brace treatment and professional support barriers as well as functional, educational, motivational, psychological and interprofessional teamwork strategies for answering these issues. The model was reviewed by an expert panel of clinicians. The Interprofessional Adherence Support intervention model (IPAS) to brace treatment is three-tiered to provide different levels of intensity of support to patients (brace preparation, group workshops and one-on-one consultations) and has great potential for implementation in clinical practice.

The binary of gender is a socially constructed system dividing two opposite sexes, as a result fashion design has required two main fields, womenswear and menswear, and in between them: unisex. In unisex fashion, the male coded garments are favored due to social constructions about gender and norms as well to their loose fitting silhouettes that are used as a solution for being able to fit male and female coded bodies. This work proposes an alternative of what unisex can be through exploring the non-human form of a chair with the purpose to step away from the human body’s biological differences that often dictates fashion design. The method allows for unisex cuts to be explored through the means of experimental pattern cutting, as the gendered body does not dictate the shape of the garment. As a result this work proposes a reaction to the male coded unisex, including female coded materials, decorative shapes allowed to fit many through elasticity. / De binära könsrollerna är ett socialt konstruerat system som delar upp två motsatta kön, vilket resulterat i att modedesign krävt två huvudområden, damkläder och herrkläder, och betraktat som däremellan: unisex. Inom unisex modet gynnas de manligt kodade plaggen på grund av sociala konstruktioner om kön och normer, samt deras löst sittande silhuetter som används som en lösning för att kunna passa både manligt och kvinnligt kodade kroppar. Detta arbete föreslår ett alternativ till vad unisex kan vara genom att utforska den icke-mänskliga formen av en stol med syftet att ta ett steg bort från människokroppens biologiska skillnader som ofta dikterar modedesign. Resultatet föreslår en reaktion på det manligt kodade unisex modet genom att inkludera kvinnligt kodade material, dekorativa former som passar olika kroppar genom sin elasticitet.

Introduction : La scoliose idiopathique de l’adolescent (SIA) est une déformation du tronc chez 4 % des 10-18 ans. Le corset est le seul traitement conservateur ayant démontré son efficacité pour limiter sa progression. On note un problème d’adhésion au traitement avec un temps de port moyen de 13 heures/jour (prescription de 22 heures), dont les causes ont été peu étudiées. Objectif et hypothèse : Développer et valider un questionnaire des facteurs liés à l’adhésion au corset. Nos hypothèses sont les suivantes : IMCO aura de bonnes validités de contenu et fiabilité, une validité de construit satisfaisante et pourra discerner les patients adhérents/non-adhérents. Ses scores varieront selon l’âge, l’indice de masse corporelle (IMC) et la sévérité de la courbe. Méthodologie : Un cadre conceptuel intégrateur a été défini. Les items candidats ont été élaborés puis sélectionnés avec les experts. IMCO a été validé avec des jeunes patients traités par corset (n=159) pour tester : la stabilité temporelle (ICC), cohérence interne (alpha Cronbach), validité convergente/divergente (Rho de Spearman) avec deux questionnaires de qualité de vie SF-12 et SRS-22, et capacité discriminante (ANOVA/régression). Résultat/discussion : IMCO comprend 34 items selon 4 barrières à l’adhésion : liées aux facteurs sociaux et émotionnels, au traitement, au patient, et au système de santé. La cohérence interne est excellente (0,89). Les scores IMCO sont associés au temps de port du corset, et varient selon la sévérité de la courbe, l’IMC et l’âge. Les scores sont corrélés avec le domaine satisfaction envers le traitement du SRS-22. Conclusion : IMCO rencontre les critères COSMIN, sauf pour la stabilité temporelle (échantillon inadéquat). Il constitue un instrument approprié pour la recherche. Une analyse factorielle est recommandée pour poursuivre sa validation. / Introduction: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a trunk deformity that affects 4% of 10– 18-year olds. The brace is the only effective conservative treatment that has been proven to limit its progression. A treatment adherence problem has been reported with an average wearing time of 13 hours/day (full time bracing prescription of 22 hours), for which underlying causes have been insufficiently studied. Objectives and hypotheses: our goal is to develop and to validate a questionnaire to measure the factors related to brace adherence. Our hypotheses are: The IMCO will display good content validity and reliability, acceptable construct validity, and will be able to discriminate adherent from non-adherent patients. Its scores will vary according to age, body mass index (BMI) and severity of the curve. Methodology: An integrative conceptual framework was defined. Candidate items were developed and selected with experts. The IMCO was validated with young AIS patients (n=159) to test: temporal stability (ICC), internal consistency (alpha Cronbach), convergent/divergent validity (Spearman's Rho) with two quality of life questionnaires SF-12 and SRS-22, and discriminant capacity (ANOVA/regression). Result/discussion: IMCO includes 34 items according to 4 barriers to adherence: related to social and emotional factors, to the treatment, to the patient, and to the health system. Internal consistency is excellent: 0.89. IMCO scores are associated with adherence to treatment, severity of the curve, BMI and age. Scores correlated with the SRS-22 satisfaction with treatment domain. Conclusion: IMCO meets the COSMIN criteria except for temporal stability (inadequate sample). It is an appropriate instrument for research. A factorial analysis is recommended for further validation.

The word 'marijuana' was introduced to Australia by the US Bureau of Narcotics via the Diggers newspaper, Smith's Weekly, in 1938. Marijuana was said to be 'a new drug that maddens victims' and it was sensationally described as an 'evil sex drug'. The resulting tabloid furore saw the plant cannabis sativa banned in Australia, even though cannabis had been a well-known and widely used drug in Australia for many decades. In 1964, a massive infestation of wild cannabis was found growing along a stretch of the Hunter River between Singleton and Maitland in New South Wales. The explosion in Australian marijuana use began there. It was fuelled after 1967 by US soldiers on rest and recreation leave from Vietnam. It was the Baby-Boomer young who were turning on. Pot smoking was overwhelmingly associated with the generation born in the decade after the Second World War. As the conflict over the Vietnam War raged in Australia, it provoked intense generational conflict between the Baby-Boomers and older generations. Just as in the US, pot was adopted by Australian Baby-Boomers as their symbol; and, as in the US, the attack on pot users served as code for an attack on the young, the Left, and the alternative. In 1976, the 'War on Drugs' began in earnest in Australia with paramilitary attacks on the hippie colonies at Cedar Bay in Queensland and Tuntable Falls in New South Wales. It was a time of increasing US style prohibition characterised by 'tough-on-drugs' right-wing rhetoric, police crackdowns, numerous murders, and a marijuana drought followed quickly by a heroin plague; in short by a massive worsening of 'the drug problem'. During this decade, organised crime moved into the pot scene and the price of pot skyrocketed, reaching $450 an ounce in 1988. Thanks to the Americanisation of drugs policy, the black market made 'a killing'. In Marijuana Australiana I argue that the 'War on Drugs' developed -- not for health reasons -- but for reasons of social control; as a domestic counter-revolution against the Whitlamite, Baby-Boomer generation by older Nixonite Drug War warriors like Queensland Premier, Bjelke-Petersen. It was a misuse of drugs policy which greatly worsened drug problems, bringing with it American-style organised crime. As the subtitle suggests, Marijuana Australiana relies significantly on 'alternative' sources, and I trawl the waters of popular culture, looking for songs, posters, comics and underground magazines to produce an 'underground' history of cannabis in Australia. This 'pop' approach is balanced with a hard-edged, quantitative analysis of the size of the marijuana market, the movement of price, and the seizure figures in the section called 'History By Numbers'. As Alfred McCoy notes, we need to understand drugs as commodities. It is only through a detailed understanding of the drug trade that the deeper secrets of this underground world can be revealed. In this section, I present an economic history of the cannabis market and formulate three laws of the market.