Although tourism has been recognised as an important subfield in nation branding little research have focused on its role in the nation branding process. A managerial perspective was assumed to examine what role tourism has in nation branding. This study adopts a deductive approach reviewing existing literature on nation branding, brand management strategies and tourism stakeholders. A case study on how tourism is integrated in nation branding strategies and how stakeholders operating in the tourism sector perceive their own influence on the nation-brand was conducted in Sweden using a qualitative method. Data was collected through interviews with managers in organisations that directly or indirectly work with tourism while being involved in the strategic nation branding of Sweden. A conceptual framework was developed to illustrate how the nation-brand is created and communicated through tourism. The study concludes that tourism can have a significant role in nation branding and affect other subfields if the right circumstances are given. Strong collaborations are a prerequisite for effective nation branding and strategies should incorporate national identity and country-of-origin for authenticity. Future research could focus on comparing the role of tourism in nation branding with other subfields as well as comparing how organisations on the same level work with nation branding strategies.

Submitted by Rosina Valeria Lanzellotti Mattiussi Teixeira (rosina.teixeira@unisantos.br) on 2018-01-15T12:31:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tainan Henrique Siqueira.pdf: 1213456 bytes, checksum: 6d320ab740e020411f45ed21152941c1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-15T12:31:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tainan Henrique Siqueira.pdf: 1213456 bytes, checksum: 6d320ab740e020411f45ed21152941c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-11 / The refugee is an individual who has been forced to leave his country of origin and has come to an asylum state due to persecution motivated by race, religion, nationality, political opinion and belonging to a specific social group. In Brazil, the concept of refugee, besides the persecution factor, is also applied to every individual who left a State of origin because of "grave and widespread human rights violations." The Country of Origin Information (COI) is a tool used by decision-makers during the applicant's Refugee Status Determination (RSD) procedure of refugee. Among decision makers using the COI in Brazil, the government, through the National Committee for Refugees (CONARE), is the main actor. Therefore, the objective of this dissertation is to analyze how CONARE understands and uses the COI in its RSD procedure, based on the main international guidelines adopted by the most respected actors within this theme. The general evidence found shows that the practices adopted by CONARE do not follow some international recommendations - such as: the independence of the institutions of eligibility for refugee status and COI research; updating and using COI reports from trusted sources; cooperation within the COI; and training of COI eligibility actors and researchers - due to structural difficulties. The conclusion suggests that institutional cooperation within the COI can be an alternative of improving COI use according to international recommendations. / O refugiado é todo indivíduo que, de forma forçada, saiu do seu Estado de origem e foi para um Estado de asilo em função da perseguição motivada por: raça, religião, nacionalidade, opinião política e pertencimento a um grupo social específico. No Brasil, o conceito de refugiado, além do fator perseguição, é aplicado também a todo indivíduo que saiu de um Estado de origem em razão de ¿graves e generalizadas violações de direitos humanos¿. O Country of Origin Information (COI), em português, conhecido como ¿Informação sobre o Estado de Origem¿, é uma ferramenta utilizada pelos tomadores de decisão, durante o procedimento de Determinação do Status de Refugiado (RSD, na sigla em inglês) do solicitante de refúgio. Entre os tomadores de decisão que utilizam a COI, no Brasil, o governo, através do Comitê Nacional para os Refugiados (CONARE), é o principal ator. Por isso, o objetivo dessa dissertação é analisar como o CONARE entende e utiliza a COI em seu procedimento de RSD, tendo como base as principais diretrizes internacionais adotadas pelos atores mais respeitados dentro dessa temática. As evidências gerais encontradas demonstram que as práticas adotadas pelo CONARE não seguem algumas recomendações internacionais - como: a independência dos órgãos de elegibilidade do status de refúgio e de pesquisa em COI; atualização e utilização de relatórios COI de fontes confiáveis; cooperação institucional no âmbito da COI; e capacitação dos atores de elegibilidade e pesquisadores COI - devido a dificuldades estruturais. A conclusão sugere que a cooperação institucional no âmbito da COI pode ser uma saída para o aperfeiçoamento do uso da COI, de acordo com as recomendações internacionais.

This paper addresses the question of whether higher education Hispanic students of different nationalities have different perceptual learning style preferences. Independent samples t-tests findings suggest the country of origin of a Hispanic student's parents has a statistically significant relationship (n=165, p<0.0073) with student's learning style preferences. ANOVA results also identified a statistically significant relationship between SES and group learning style (p<0.004,) and between visual learning style and two factors: age (p<0.011) and family education (p<0.033).

No description available.

本研究主要在探討當消費者無法正確評量產品績效時，來源國形象對顧客滿意度的影響是否會因消費者的產品知識程度不同而有所不同，另外，試圖去瞭解具有不同產品知識程度的消費者，其顧客滿意度的決定因素究竟為何。 本研究採用實驗方法，且以棉布料為實驗標的（因為純棉布料和混棉布料很難被正確分辨）。實驗設計採 2 （台灣製產品概念／義大利製產品概念）×2 （產品表現佳／產品表現差）×2 （產品知識高／產品知識低），將受測者分為 8 組。研究結果發現，若受測者無法正確評量產品績效，則當受測者對棉布料的產品知識程度低，來源國形象（台灣 v.s. 義大利）對購買前的期望有顯著的影響，且期望是決定顧客滿意度的主要因素，此時來源國形象會顯著影響顧客滿意度；反之，當受測者對棉布料的產品知識程度高時，來源國形象對期望不會有顯著之影響，而此時期望亦是決定顧客滿意度的主要因素，所以來源國形象不會顯著影響顧客滿意度。另外，實驗結果也證實，顧客滿意度會顯著影響受測者的購買意願。 由研究的結果可知，當產品本身的績效難以被消費者所衡量（如健康性藥品、美容保養品...等）時，廠商應該在提高產品本身之績效後，同時把一些資源和心力投注在創造消費者心中更高的期望，並藉此更有效地達到提昇顧客滿意度的目的。另外，廠商也應針對不同消費特性的消費者，推出不同的廣告訴求和行銷方案，如此才能更有效地配置公司的資源，並順利地提昇全球顧客的滿意程度。 / The research investigated the differential impact of country of origin on product expectation and satisfaction when consumers have different levels of product knowledge. An experiment with a factorial design was conducted for the empirical test. The product used in the experiment was cotten material. Product expectation, perceived product performance, disconfirmation, consumer satisfaction, objective product knowledge of the cotten material were measured. The results showed that when consumers had low level of product knowledge in both concept evaluation and product evaluation stages, country of origin would effect product expectation. Product expectation is the key determinant of consumer satisfaction. On the other hand, when consumers had a high level of product knowledge in evaluating the product concept, but have no ability in distinguish product performance, country of origin would not effect product expectation. However product expectation is still the key determinant of consumer satisfaction. Finally, consumer satisfaction also has a significant effect on consumers' purchase intention.

<p>Globalization abates barriers and makes the world similar, but also leads countries to perform like companies seeking and competing for global capitals. In this competition the „nation brand‟ becomes a critical tool to stand out and attract any sort of foreign investments. In this research, the factors which affect the nation brand, presented in the Anholt´s hexagon model, will be tested through the combination of theory on nation branding and empirical data. The study analyzes how different organizations affect and promote the commercial image of Spain in Sweden. Up to seven entities susceptible to affect the brand Spain were analyzed; the ICEX, the economic and commercial office of Spain in Stockholm, the embassy of Spain in Stockholm, Invest in Spain, the Elcano Royal institute, the Hispanic-Swedish chamber of commerce in Madrid and the Swedish trade council in Madrid. The study also presents an outline of the current context of the brand Spain and its projection in Sweden, as well as an overview on the trade relationship between both countries. The individual commitment of most of the organizations investigated, under the guidance of the Ministry of foreign affairs and the Ministry of industry, tourism, and trade of Spain, appears as one of the main findings. Despite the limited scope of this investigation, the relative novelty of this field of study leaves room for further research in different directions, questioning those who claim that globalization threats local diversity.</p>

Background: The Swedish fashion market today quickly becomes too small, even for the new companies, and they are quick to take the step abroad and launch their internationalisation process. With a focus on the four Swed-ish fashion companies Filippa K, Acne Jeans, Nudie Jeans and Whyred, we have analysed how these representatives of the industry have interna-tionalised themselves. The companies have chosen different ways to promote their brand and how to control the perceived image of the brand. As there is a lack of earlier in-depth studies into this particular question of the Swedish Fashion industry, we have set out to investigate how this is done. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to look at the internationalisation process of Swedish fashion companies, with a focus on the growth and the penetra-tion of the international markets in order to determine the key success factors for successful international expansion. We will also investigate to what extent branding, country of origin (COO) and psychic distance to geographical markets has an influence on the internationalisation process and its success. Method: We used a qualitative approach and conducted a case study consisting of four Swedish fashion companies. The data have been collected through interviews and secondary sources. The information has been put into dif-ferent models for internationalisation, branding and key success factors. Conclusion: We have interpreted the collected data together with the theories used, thereafter drawn the conclusions that the key Success factors that have taken these firms so far and have been important in the building of the successful brands/companies, are in fact to a large degree COO, rela-tions in the Swedish fashion Industry and the creation of superior prod-ucts. The companies have both similar and specific factors for their suc-cess on the international market.

The purpose of this research is to understand what role surrogate boycotts can play on companies targeted by a surrogate boycott and how companies can work with their marketing strategies to reduce the effects of a surrogate boycotts. We have used a qualitative approach in this thesis, with multiple cases studies as a method. Our empirical data was collected through personal interviews with people from the Danish companies: Mette Munk A/S, Nordex Foods, Quantum and Arla Foods. We conclude that the role that surrogate boycotts play on companies involved is that it effect the company’s financial situation and gives the problems with the image. We also conclude that companies can work with promotion, altering their products and choosing other ways to distribute their products in order to reduce the effects of a surrogate boycott. Also different marketing tools and strategies can be used during different stages of the boycott in order to be most effective.

Research questions:   What are the brand images and brand identities of Renault Trucks, Novembal/Tetra Pak and IKEA? Is there a brand gap? How does country-of-origin have an effect on the perception of the brands? How does the respondent’s sex have an importance in the perception of the brand and the effect of country-of-origin? Purpose:   The purpose of this thesis is to describe, compare and analyze the existence of brand gaps and the effect of country-of-origin with the final intention to provide management recommendations for the studied companies. Method:   A quantitative consumer survey of 42 subjects was collected and analyzed. In addition, interviews were conducted with three Swedish companies, as well as an interview with the Swedish Chamber of Commerce in Lyon. Aaker’s (1997) Big Five model was used in the analysis. Conclusions:    The study demonstrated the brand identities and brand images of the companies. A brand gap is widely present. Aaker’s (1997) model had to be modified and includes new dimensions and traits. Country-of-origin (COO) plays a role in 100% of the consumers’ perception and purchasing process. COO bias, ethnocentrism and animosity are present and play a role in the 42 consumers’ attitudes and purchase decisions in Rhone-Alps. Men      and women have different attitudes and degree of ethnocentrism towards the effect of country-of-origin (COE).

<p>Background:</p><p>The Swedish fashion market today quickly becomes too small, even for the new companies, and they are quick to take the step abroad and launch their internationalisation process. With a focus on the four Swed-ish fashion companies Filippa K, Acne Jeans, Nudie Jeans and Whyred, we have analysed how these representatives of the industry have interna-tionalised themselves. The companies have chosen different ways to promote their brand and how to control the perceived image of the brand. As there is a lack of earlier in-depth studies into this particular question of the Swedish Fashion industry, we have set out to investigate how this is done.</p><p>Purpose:</p><p>The purpose of the thesis is to look at the internationalisation process of Swedish fashion companies, with a focus on the growth and the penetra-tion of the international markets in order to determine the key success factors for successful international expansion. We will also investigate to what extent branding, country of origin (COO) and psychic distance to geographical markets has an influence on the internationalisation process and its success.</p><p>Method:</p><p>We used a qualitative approach and conducted a case study consisting of four Swedish fashion companies. The data have been collected through interviews and secondary sources. The information has been put into dif-ferent models for internationalisation, branding and key success factors.</p><p>Conclusion:</p><p>We have interpreted the collected data together with the theories used, thereafter drawn the conclusions that the key Success factors that have taken these firms so far and have been important in the building of the successful brands/companies, are in fact to a large degree COO, rela-tions in the Swedish fashion Industry and the creation of superior prod-ucts. The companies have both similar and specific factors for their suc-cess on the international market.</p>