The thesis thoroughly examines the issue of response to juvenile delinquency and potential solutions of their criminal liability in the European context. The thesis describes the historical development of approach to juvenile delinquency, as well as basic models of youth justice. The important part of the thesis focuses on comparative analyses of selected foreign legislation, namely the legal order of Germany, Austria and Switzerland. In depth are analyzed penalty systems of those countries and their mutual comparison. Further part is dedicated to evaluation of selected sanctions in terms of their effectiveness based on knowledge about recidivism of juvenile offenders. In relation to effectiveness of sanctions the thesis deals with question how to influence different types of juvenile offenders from the perspective of developmental criminology, especially chronic offenders. Author pays attention to the phenomenon of chronic juvenile offenders, formulates risk factors used to identify and predict the life-course delinquency. Following subpart discusses two of the most important factors influencing the committing of serious crimes by juveniles, e.g. delinquent peer groups and immigrant origin, which are relative neglected in the Czech professional literature. The importance of immigrant origin for a...

Criminal aspects of advanced directives and Do Not Resuscitate orders Abstract The aim of this thesis was to analyse current legal regulation of advanced directives and Do Not Resuscitate orders, particularly of their criminal aspects. These legal concepts are relatively new in the Czech law, therefore there are still many questions about them and Czech law unfortunately does not offer definite answers. In the first chapters I focused on general criminal aspects of provision of health services. I analysed conditions of criminal liability in connection with health services, with emphasis on the principle of subsidiarity of criminal prosecution. In this part I also addressed the issue of mercy killing, by another name euthanasia and its differentiation from other types of end-of-life decision making. In the second chapter, I approached the matter of criminal liability of providers of health care services, as legal persons, which became after the last amendments in this area significant also for health care. The following chapters were dedicated to advanced directives. At first, I analysed this legal concept in the matter of civil law, which is essential for its comprehensive interpretation. I tried to identify the main ambiguities of the legal regulation, whether regarding new regulation of substitute...

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-09-05T12:09:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jéssica Cristina Ferracioli.pdf: 2137054 bytes, checksum: 1ac3f9562147374a2fb79eed29aee7f5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-05T12:09:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jéssica Cristina Ferracioli.pdf: 2137054 bytes, checksum: 1ac3f9562147374a2fb79eed29aee7f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-24 / This thesis aims to outline the main aspects that involve Neuroscience and Guilt in the sphere of Criminal Law, under the aegis of the conclusions of the current neuroscientific experiments, as well as to outline their implications for Criminal Law. It is known that, at present, Neuroscience has uncovered aspects that involve human behavior, drawing on various existing methods and techniques, as well as providing new elements on brain functioning, with unprecedented advances throughout human history. As a result of the current stage of neuroscientific findings, questions have arisen about possible culpability impacts and, furthermore, the search for the making of a compatible criterion among the disciplines involved has grown, especially for the purpose of excluding or adjudicating criminal responsibility due to a cerebral dysfunction that might be responsible for the agent’s behavioral change and that may have led to the criminal act. The subject of study is approached through a bibliographical research, given that, in view of the interdisciplinary provocation that it involves, it is intended to draw a general panorama of the discussion under a compatibility approach. The questions raised by the neuroscientific studies and that may impact in the future penal dogmatism, the model of judicial decisions and the attribution of criminal responsibility corroborate the relevance of this study / Esta tese tem por escopo delinear os principais aspectos que envolvem a Neurociência e a Culpabilidade na esfera do Direito Penal, sob a égide das conclusões dos experimentos neurocientíficos atuais, assim como traçar o panorama dessas implicações para o Direito Penal. Sabe-se que, na atualidade, a Neurociência tem desvendado aspectos que envolvem o comportamento humano, valendo-se de diversos métodos e técnicas existentes, inovadoras, bem como fornecido novos elementos sobre o funcionamento do cérebro, com avanços sem precedentes ao longo da história da humanidade. Em decorrência do estágio atual das descobertas neurocientíficas, surgiram questionamentos sobre possíveis impactos em sede de culpabilidade e, ainda, a busca por critérios compatibilizadores entre as disciplinas envolvidas tornou-se crescente, especialmente com a finalidade de excluir ou dirimir a responsabilidade criminal por causa de uma disfuncionalidade cerebral responsável pela alteração comportamental do agente e que possa ter ensejado o cometimento do ato criminoso. O tema objeto de estudo é abordado por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, dado que, ante a provocação interdisciplinar que o envolve, tem-se como propósito desenhar um panorama geral da discussão sob o enfoque compatibilista. Os questionamentos fomentados pelos estudos neurocientíficos e que podem impactar futuramente a dogmática penal, o modelo das decisões judiciais e a atribuição da responsabilidade penal corroboram a relevância deste estudo

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-10-19T12:02:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Osvaldo Moura Junior.pdf: 1783926 bytes, checksum: aaf9e20b5b98cdfc84f7b5746dfd492f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-19T12:02:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Osvaldo Moura Junior.pdf: 1783926 bytes, checksum: aaf9e20b5b98cdfc84f7b5746dfd492f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-27 / In front of a globalized social reality that is anchored in technological advances, a profitable ground is created with the advance of unpredictability and risk in antisocial conducts. This change is marked by the proliferation of threats and vulnerabilities that, as a consequence, generates inflows in criminal law. Portion of the legal literature proposes the maintenance of the garantism imputation model, based on the assumptions established by the Frankfurt School, with rigid inflexibility of criminal and procedural guarantees. Nonetheless, this model is not adequate to protect transindividual juridical value, considering that modern criminality incorporates techniques capable of irreversibly deteriorating them. In this thesis, it is intended to clarify the parameters of readjustment of the theory of legal value, aiming at the search for a Criminal Law of Equilibrium that cumulates garantism with effectiveness in imputation. To address this issue, it is necessary to improve these models, through a critical analysis of doctrinal, legislative and jurisprudential studies pertinent to the subject. It was concluded that the linking of the juridical value to the speeds of criminal law in a differential way guarantees specific protections for each type of criminality. The Criminal Law of Equilibrium is obtained through the moderate expansion and administrativization of the criminal system, combining flexibility, guarantism and efficiency in imputation / Diante de uma realidade social globalizada e ancorada nos avanços tecnológicos, cria-se terreno profícuo com o avanço da imprevisibilidade e do risco nas condutas antissociais. Essa mudança é marcada pela multiplicação das ameaças e vulnerabilidades que, por consequência, gera influxos próprios no direito penal. Parte da literatura jurídica propõe a manutenção do modelo garantista de imputação, baseado nos pressupostos estabelecidos pela Escola de Frankfurt, com a rígida inflexibilidade de garantias penais e processuais penais. Todavia, esse modelo não se mostra apto para adequadamente proteger os bens jurídicos transindividuais, considerando que a criminalidade moderna incorpora técnicas capazes de deteriorá-los irreversivelmente. Objetiva-se, na presente tese, esclarecer os parâmetros de readequação da teoria do bem jurídico, visando a busca de um Direito Penal do Equilíbrio que cumule garantismo com eficácia na imputação. Para o enfrentamento dessa questão, se faz necessário o aprimoramento de tais modelos, mediante a análise crítica de estudos doutrinários, legislativos e jurisprudenciais pertinentes ao tema. Concluiu-se que a vinculação do bem jurídico às velocidades do direito penal de modo diferencial garante tutelas específicas para cada espécie de criminalidade. O equilíbrio penal é encontrado por meio da expansão moderada e da administrativização do acervo criminal, conjugando a flexibilidade, garantismo e eficiência na imputação

The author of this thesis discusses the subject of criminal liability of legal persons and focuses primarily on the analysis of the most important substantive provisions of the Act. No. 418/2011 coll., which describe criminal liability of legal entities and proceedings against them (hereinafter ZTOPO) and entered into force on 1st January 2012. This act is still well- discussed and current even after 6 years of being in force, which can be seen by the number of amendments done to it since it became effective. This thesis aims to offer a comprehensive overview of the issue of criminal liability of legal persons and at the same time tries to capture the most important changes that have been made due to these 9 amendments. The thesis is divided into five parts. In the first part, the author deals with the historical background of criminal liability of legal persons. This part also contains path to the adoption of ZTOPO. The second and the third parts are the core of this paper. In the second part, the author analyses the imputability and the structure of criminal liability of legal entities in the Czech Republic. One part of this section is dedicated to the scope of criminalization of legal entities. The third part of the thesis deals with the possibility of legal entity to be exculpated through the...

Magistro baigiamojo darbo objektas – baudžiamosios atsakomybės už žiaurų elgesį su gyvūnais samprata ir teisinis reglamentavimas Lietuvos ir užsienio įstatymuose bei teismų praktikoje. Magistro baigiamajame darbe apžvelgiama gyvūnų apsaugos įstatymų ir žiauraus elgesio su gyvūnais kriminalizavimo istorinė raida. Analizuojami pasirinktų užsienio šalių (JAV, Rusijos Federacijos, Vokietijos Federacijos ir Europos Sąjungos) teisės aktai numatantys baudžiamąją atsakomybę už žiaurų elgesį su gyvūnais, aptariamos tų šalių teisinės bazės spragos. Darbe nagrinėjami šiuo metu Lietuvoje galiojantys ir gyvūnų gerovę reglamentuojantys įstatymai ir tarptautinės sutartys. Atliekama detali LR Baudžiamojo kodekso 310 straipsnio, numatančio baudžiamąją atsakomybę už žiaurų elgesį su gyvūnais sudėties sisteminė analizė. Pasitelkiant teismų praktikos pavyzdžius loginio-analitinio ir lingvistinio (verbalinio) teisės aiškinimo metodų pagalba išryškinami šios teisės normos dispozicijos trūkumai ir pateikiami pasiūlymai kaip tuos trūkumus būtų galima pašalinti. Pateikiami pamąstymai ir pasiūlymai gyvūnų numarinimo (eutanazijos) problemos sprendimui bei nagrinėjamos LR Gyvūnų gerovės ir apsaugos įstatymo projekto nuostatos reglamentuojančios žiauraus elgesio su gyvūnais sampratą. Įvertinus šiame darbe formuluojamos problemos aspektus ginama hipotezė, kad dėl nepakankamai detalios teisinės reglamentacijos kyla praktinių baudžiamosios teisės normų taikymo už žiaurų elgesį su gyvūnais problemų. / Subject of Master's thesis is the criminal responsibility for cruelty to animals and the concept of legal regulation in the Lithuanian and foreign laws, and in court practice too. The Master's thesis gives the historical review of evolution of criminalization of the legislation on protection of animals and ill treatment of them. In the Thesis the analysis of legal acts of selected foreign countries (USA, Russia, Germany and European Union) is made. Are analyzed the legal acts providing criminal sanction for ill treatment of animals, and are discussed the gaps of legal base of mentioned countries. In the Master's thesis the laws existing now in Lithuania and also international treaties which regulate welfare of animals are considered. It is made the detailed analysis of the contents of the Article 310 of the Criminal code of the Republic of Lithuanian, which provides the criminal responsibility for cruelty to animals. On examples of court practice by means of analytical and verbal methods of statutory interpretation of rules of law the shortcomings of a disposition of this legal norm come to light, and also ways of their emendation are offered. In the Master's thesis the suggestions for a solution of the problem of euthanasia of animals are provided, and also provisions of draft of the Republic of Lithuania Law on welfare and protection of animals regulating a concept of ill treatment of animals, are considered. Considering aspects of the problem formulated in this Master's... [to full text]

Lietuvos Respublikos Baudžiamojo kodekso 309 straipsnis “Disponavimas pornografinio turinio dalykais“ nustato baudžiamąją atsakomybę už pornografijos gaminimą, platinimą, reklamavimą ir viešą demonstravimą. Straipsnis skiria pornografiją į pilnamečių asmenų ir vaikų pornografiją. Nors ši veika yra kriminalizuota, praktikoje LR BK 309 straipsnis taikomas retai dėl keblumų, kylančių internetinėje erdvėje – fiziniai ir juridiniai asmenys gali lengvai išvengti baudžiamosios atsakomybės. Atsižvelgiant į tai, jog beveik pusė interneto vartotojų ieško pornografinio turinio dalykų bei tai, kad juos gauti galima ir lietuviškose interneto svetainėse, kyla klausimas ar yra būtinumas drausti suaugusių asmenų pornografiją, juolab, kad LR BK disponavimą pornografinio turinio dalykais priskiria prie nusikaltimų dorovei, o šios samprata keičiasi kartu su visuomene skirtingais jos gyvavimo tarpsniais. Taip pat JAV pornografiją priskiria žodžio laisvei ir numato, kad ją gina Pirmoji Konstitucijos pataisa. Analogiškai tokią laisvę numato ir LR Konsitucija, todėl pilnamečių asmenų pornografijos draudimas riboja ir varžo visai ne pornografiją, o piliečių moralinės nepriklausomybės laisvę. Be abejo, kartu su pornografijos legalizavimu atsiranda pareiga užtikrinti tinkamą nepilnamečių asmenų apsaugą nuo neigiamos informacijos. Lietuvos įstatymai tinkamai neapibrėžia vaikų pornografijos sąvokos – Visuomenės informavimo įstatyme įtvirtintame pornografinio pobūdžio informacijos apibrėžime... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The 309 article of the Lithuanian Criminal code, “Possesion of pornographic content”, determines criminal liability for the possession, production, distribution, advertising and public exposure of pornographic material. Although this behavior is criminalized, the beforementioned article is rarely put into practice because of problems with the online space - natural and legal persons can easily avoid criminal liability. Given the fact, that nearly half of Internet users are looking for pornographic material and that this content can be found on Lithuanian websites, a question arises whether there is a need to prohibit aldult pornography, especially that the Lithuanian Criminal code classifies possesion of pornographic content as crimes agains morality but the concept of morality is understood depending on the society and the way it changes in different periods of time. The United States attribute pornography to the freedom of expression and it is protected by the First Amendment. The same way Lithuanian Constitution describes a feedom of expression, so the prohibition of adult pornography does not actually prohibit pornography - it prohibits moral independency and freedom of speech. Of course, along with the legalization of pornography, there is an obligation to ensure adequate protection of minors from harmful information. Lihuanian law does not have a proper definition of child pornography. The definition of pornographic information established in the Public Information... [to full text]

Univ., Diss.--Frankfurt am Main, 2004. / Literaturverz. S. 169 - 187.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Bremen, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [353]-356) and index.

Univ., Diss.--Köln, 2001. / Literaturverz. S. [199] - 208.