This essay contains a discussion of my influences for making the choreographic work The Horrors of:, which was the practical part of an examination for the degree work of the bachelor’s Programme in Dance Performance at Stockholms Konstnärliga Högskola in the fall of 2022. The horrors of: is an exploration of women in horror and the potentiality of the monstrous feminine. Inspired by Julia Kristeva’s concept of abjection, Barbara Creed’s concept of the monstrous-feminine as well as films in the body horror genre, a search to represent the subjectivity of the women depicted in horror through dance emerged. In the body horror genre, the female characters are neither villains nor heroes, but complex characters who possess the capacity to both do good and destroy.    The text is divided in two parts: The first part dissects how the process was generated from researching the topics of femininity and abjection into a staged choreographic work and the second part contains a collage of poems along with other material collected from the artistic research process.

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O presente trabalho investiga a marca anglo-canadense na obra do cineasta David Cronenberg a partir do diálogo que instaura com as tradições culturais e teóricas do país que dizem respeito, ao tecnicismo, centrado nos meios de comunicação, propagado pelos teóricos da comunicação da Escola de Toronto e, especialmente, por Marshall Mcluhan e levando em consideração a tendência dos protagonistas canadenses a serem não-heróis, apontada por Margaret Atwood. E com o objetivo de contextualizar sua produção artística, mercadológica e culturalmente, no interior do sistema cinematográfico do Canadá, apresenta uma breve historiografia do cinema do país. Em relação à notória recorrência na obra do cineasta em questionar os limites do corpo humano, este trabalho analisa sua confluência com tradições teóricas e artísticas, que centramse nessa questão. E destaca as considerações referentes à abjeção e ao disgust, sentimentos diretamente associados ao temor frente ao rompimento dos limites corporais. O objetivo central deste trabalho é então desvelar como essas heranças da tradição cultural canadense estão relacionadas às obsessões cronenberguianas, principalmente em relação ao corpo, e à forma como esses elementos se amalgamam na configuração de sua obra extrema e única. / This dissertation investigates the Anglo-Canadian trademark in the work of cinematographer David Cronenberg through his dialogue with the cultural and theoretical traditions of the country which concern technicism, centred on the means of communication, disseminated by the theoreticians of communication from the School of Toronto, and specially by Marshall McLuhan and taking into consideration the tendency on the part of the Canadian protagonists to be non-heroes, pointed out by Margaret Atwood. Also aiming to contextualize his artistic production, commercially and culturally, in the Canadian cinematographic system, it presents a brief historiography of cinema in Canada. As to the notorious recurrence of on investigation concerning the limits of the body, this dissertation analyses its confluence with theoretical and artistic traditions focused on this theme. It points out the consideration concerning abjection and disgust, feelings which are directly associated with the fear which the exceeding of the corporeal limits provokes. The central aim of this dissertation is therefore to reveal how these heirlooms of the Canadian cultural tradition are related to Cronenberg's obsessions, notably these related to the human body, and to the way that such elements amalgamate to produce his extreme and unique work.

O presente trabalho investiga a marca anglo-canadense na obra do cineasta David Cronenberg a partir do diálogo que instaura com as tradições culturais e teóricas do país que dizem respeito, ao tecnicismo, centrado nos meios de comunicação, propagado pelos teóricos da comunicação da Escola de Toronto e, especialmente, por Marshall Mcluhan e levando em consideração a tendência dos protagonistas canadenses a serem não-heróis, apontada por Margaret Atwood. E com o objetivo de contextualizar sua produção artística, mercadológica e culturalmente, no interior do sistema cinematográfico do Canadá, apresenta uma breve historiografia do cinema do país. Em relação à notória recorrência na obra do cineasta em questionar os limites do corpo humano, este trabalho analisa sua confluência com tradições teóricas e artísticas, que centramse nessa questão. E destaca as considerações referentes à abjeção e ao disgust, sentimentos diretamente associados ao temor frente ao rompimento dos limites corporais. O objetivo central deste trabalho é então desvelar como essas heranças da tradição cultural canadense estão relacionadas às obsessões cronenberguianas, principalmente em relação ao corpo, e à forma como esses elementos se amalgamam na configuração de sua obra extrema e única. / This dissertation investigates the Anglo-Canadian trademark in the work of cinematographer David Cronenberg through his dialogue with the cultural and theoretical traditions of the country which concern technicism, centred on the means of communication, disseminated by the theoreticians of communication from the School of Toronto, and specially by Marshall McLuhan and taking into consideration the tendency on the part of the Canadian protagonists to be non-heroes, pointed out by Margaret Atwood. Also aiming to contextualize his artistic production, commercially and culturally, in the Canadian cinematographic system, it presents a brief historiography of cinema in Canada. As to the notorious recurrence of on investigation concerning the limits of the body, this dissertation analyses its confluence with theoretical and artistic traditions focused on this theme. It points out the consideration concerning abjection and disgust, feelings which are directly associated with the fear which the exceeding of the corporeal limits provokes. The central aim of this dissertation is therefore to reveal how these heirlooms of the Canadian cultural tradition are related to Cronenberg's obsessions, notably these related to the human body, and to the way that such elements amalgamate to produce his extreme and unique work.

O presente trabalho investiga a marca anglo-canadense na obra do cineasta David Cronenberg a partir do diálogo que instaura com as tradições culturais e teóricas do país que dizem respeito, ao tecnicismo, centrado nos meios de comunicação, propagado pelos teóricos da comunicação da Escola de Toronto e, especialmente, por Marshall Mcluhan e levando em consideração a tendência dos protagonistas canadenses a serem não-heróis, apontada por Margaret Atwood. E com o objetivo de contextualizar sua produção artística, mercadológica e culturalmente, no interior do sistema cinematográfico do Canadá, apresenta uma breve historiografia do cinema do país. Em relação à notória recorrência na obra do cineasta em questionar os limites do corpo humano, este trabalho analisa sua confluência com tradições teóricas e artísticas, que centramse nessa questão. E destaca as considerações referentes à abjeção e ao disgust, sentimentos diretamente associados ao temor frente ao rompimento dos limites corporais. O objetivo central deste trabalho é então desvelar como essas heranças da tradição cultural canadense estão relacionadas às obsessões cronenberguianas, principalmente em relação ao corpo, e à forma como esses elementos se amalgamam na configuração de sua obra extrema e única. / This dissertation investigates the Anglo-Canadian trademark in the work of cinematographer David Cronenberg through his dialogue with the cultural and theoretical traditions of the country which concern technicism, centred on the means of communication, disseminated by the theoreticians of communication from the School of Toronto, and specially by Marshall McLuhan and taking into consideration the tendency on the part of the Canadian protagonists to be non-heroes, pointed out by Margaret Atwood. Also aiming to contextualize his artistic production, commercially and culturally, in the Canadian cinematographic system, it presents a brief historiography of cinema in Canada. As to the notorious recurrence of on investigation concerning the limits of the body, this dissertation analyses its confluence with theoretical and artistic traditions focused on this theme. It points out the consideration concerning abjection and disgust, feelings which are directly associated with the fear which the exceeding of the corporeal limits provokes. The central aim of this dissertation is therefore to reveal how these heirlooms of the Canadian cultural tradition are related to Cronenberg's obsessions, notably these related to the human body, and to the way that such elements amalgamate to produce his extreme and unique work.

"FUNNY GAMES. Spielräume des Sadomasochismus in Film und Medien" ist der Versuch, eine Geschichte medialer Schmerzlust zu rekonstruieren – in etwa von 1789 bis heute. Neben klassischer SM-Literatur sind es Spielfilme wie VIDEODROME (1983), FALSCHER BEKENNER (2005), THE HURT LOCKER (2008) oder SHORTBUS (2006), in denen modernes Schmerzlust-Empfinden und -Begehren offenbar wird. Die Untersuchung richtet sich dabei auf Konzepte technoimaginärer Wunsch- und Höllenmaschinen, dynamisierte Ich-Apparate, wie sie Donatien-Alphonse-François de Sade, Leopold und Wanda von Sacher-Masoch, Ernst Kapp, Sigmund Freud, Daniel Paul Schreber, Jacques Lacan, Gilles Deleuze und Félix Guattari, David Cronenberg, Michael Haneke, Kathryn Bigelow u.v.a. im Medienumfeld ihrer Zeit individuell erleben und auf ihre je eigene Art – meist sehr fantasiereich – bearbeiten. Der vorliegende Entwurf, medienarchäologische Spurensicherung und gleichsam Test-Spiel, ist vor allem eine Einladung zum Mitmachen: Beim obsessiven Durchschreiten virtueller (Alptraum-)Welten und realer Körper negative und positive Lust zu erfahren, sich neuen Sinnesreizqualitäten zu öffnen, um schließlich Mehr-Lust und -Wissen zu erwerben. Anti-Ödipus als interaktives Video(bei)spiel. Als Analysetools haben sich Erkenntnisse aus der (strukturalen) Psychoanalyse, der (technischen) Medienwissenschaft, (Film-)Philosophie, der Gender-, Gewalt-, Fetisch- und (kulturwissenschaftlichen) Spieltheorie als hilfreich erwiesen, um dem Geheimnis und Rätsel sadomasochistischer Schmerzlust – und ihrer crash-Medien – ein wenig näher zu kommen. / "FUNNY GAMES. Spielräume des Sadomasochismus in Film und Medien" aims to reconstruct a history of pleasure and gratification through pain in the media since the end of the eighteenth century. In addition to classical sado-masochistic literature, the thesis focuses on movies in which modern forms of experiencing and desiring pain such as VIDEODROME (1983), I AM GUILTY (2005), THE HURT LOCKER (2008) and SHORTBUS (2006) manifest themselves. Central to the study are concepts of techno-imaginary wish machines and infernal devices, dynamised ego-apparatuses, that are experienced and expressed through the media of their time by writers, philosophers, psychoanalysts and film directors such as Donatien-Alphonse-François de Sade, Leopold and Wanda von Sacher-Masoch, Ernst Kapp, Sigmund Freud, Daniel Paul Schreber, Jacques Lacan, Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, David Cronenberg, Michael Haneke and Kathryn Bigelow. The present study, an attempt to secure the medial evidence and try it out at the same time, is meant most of all as an invitation to participate: to experience positive desire and lust while obsessively progressing through virtual worlds of dreams and nightmares and the real world of the human body, to open oneself to new experiences in order to gain both new knowledge and new desires. Anti-Oedipus as a textual videogame. The analytical tools employed in this study include findings from (structural) psychoanalysis, media sciences, (movie) philosophy, gender theory, the theory of violence, fetish theory and game theory as applied in cultural studies. They have proven to be very helpful in illuminating at least some aspects of the mystery that is the sado-masochist desire for pain.

Cette version de la thèse a été tronquée des certains éléments protégés par le droit d’auteur. Une version plus complète est disponible en ligne pour les membres de la communauté de l’Université de Montréal et peut aussi être consultée dans une des bibliothèques UdeM. / Si Norman McLaren (1914-1987) œuvre principalement dans le domaine onirique de l’animation, David Cronenberg (1943-), parfois surnommé « The Baron of Blood », réalise des films de fiction appartenant à un genre singulier qu’il a lui-même développé, celui de « l’horreur intérieure ». Que peuvent donc partager ces deux cinéastes aux univers a priori si distincts ? Chacun a construit une relation à long terme avec un compositeur : Maurice Blackburn (1914-1988) pour le premier, Howard Shore (1946-) pour le second. Mais si les univers des deux réalisateurs ont été maintes fois investigués, l’apport de leurs compositeurs respectifs demeure peu examiné. Or, d’un univers à l’autre, la musique semble jouer un rôle de toute première importance, chacun des compositeurs étant impliqué très tôt dans le processus cinématographique. Cette implication précoce dans la création collective est indicatrice de la place et du rôle centraux qu’occupent Blackburn et Shore et leur musique au sein de l’œuvre de McLaren, d’une part, et de Cronenberg, de l’autre. De la sorte, les partitions semblent ne pouvoir être considérées comme une simple illustration sonore des films, mais comme une composante tout à fait fondamentale, relançant dès lors la question du rôle de la musique au cinéma : comment le définir ? En outre, au fil de la rencontre continue sur plusieurs films, musique et cinéma en sont venus à un entrelacement tel qu’un style singulier de musicalisation des images se serait développé : quels sont les traits qui définissent ce style ? D’une collaboration à l’autre, cette thèse cherche à établir une poïétique de la création musico-filmique ; elle cherche à décrire et à comprendre les processus créateurs filmique et musical qui déterminent la composition d’une musique de film et, plus encore, une musicalité de tout le complexe audio-visuel. À travers des portraits examinant la pratique et le discours des créateurs et quatre analyses de bandes sonores (A Phantasy de Norman McLaren, Jour après jour de Clément Perron, Crash et A Dangerous Method de David Cronenberg), des liens se tissent peu à peu entre les pensées et les pratiques des deux compositeurs qui développent des stratégies similaires et originales face aux problèmes que leur posent les œuvres de McLaren (l’indissociabilité de la musique et de l’image) et de Cronenberg (la « transformation de l’esthétique humaine »). D’un binôme à l’autre, le cinéma se transforme en un laboratoire musico-filmique où chacun élabore une « méthode dangereuse » qui force l’analyste à explorer de nouvelles avenues méthodologiques. / Norman McLaren’s (1914-1987) animation work evokes a primarily dream-like world. David Cronenberg (1943-), also sometimes known as the “Baron of Blood,” makes fiction films that belong to a singular genre he developed: the “inner horror.” So what can these two filmmakers possibly have in common? They both built a long-term relationship with composers: Maurice Blackburn (1914-1988) for the former and Howard Shore (1946-) for the latter. Though the distinct approaches of these two directors have been widely studied, the weight of the contributions of their respective composers remains largely unmeasured. And this, despite the fact that music seems to play a primary role in these two directors’ process since, in each instance, the composer is involved very early on. This unusually early involvement of the composer, and the ongoing collaboration it entails, are indicative of the central place and role held by Blackburn and Shore’s music in McLaren’s work on the one hand, and Cronenberg’s on the other. This considered, their scores must no longer be seen as direct sound illustration of the films, but rather as essential components of the films, even though such a stance forces us to rethink how we define the role of music in film. Furthermore, from film to film, music and cinema become so intertwined that a singular style of musicalization of the image develops, begging the question: what are the characteristics of this style? From one collaboration to the other, this thesis seeks to establish a poietic of film-music creation; it looks to describe the cinematic and musical creative processes that determine the composition of film music and, beyond that, the musicality of the entire audio-visual complex. Through portraits that investigate the practice and discourse of creators and through the analysis of four soundtracks (A Phantasy by Norman McLaren, Day After Day by Clément Perron, Crash and A Dangerous Method by David Cronenberg), the thoughts and practices of the two composers, who develop similar innovative strategies to solve the problems posed by the works of McLaren (the inseparability of music and image) and Cronenberg (the “transformation of human aesthetics”), are gradually connected. From one duo to another, cinema becomes a musical and cinematic laboratory where each develops a “dangerous method” which forces the analyst to explore new methodological avenues.

Does the individual really matter in the post-modern world, brimming with countless signs and signifiers? My main objective in this writing is to demonstrate how this happens in Verhoeven's films, exploring his central themes and subtext and doing what science fiction does: hold a mirror up to the contemporary world and critique it, asking whether our species' current trajectory is beneficial or hazardous.; Dutch director Paul Verhoeven is a polarizing figure. Although many of his American made films have received considerable praise and financial success, he has been lambasted on countless occasions for his gratuitous use of sex, violence, and contentious symbolism--1995s Showgirls was overwhelmingly dubbed the worst film of all time and 1997s Starship Troopers earned him a reputation as a fascist. Regardless of the controversy surrounding him, his science fiction films are a move beyond the conventions of the big blockbuster science fiction films of the 1980s (E.T. and the Star Wars trilogy are prime examples), revealing a deeper exploration of both sociopolitical issues and the human condition. Much like the novels of Philip K. Dick (and Verhoeven's 1990 film Total Recall--an adaptation of a Dick short story), Verhoeven's science fiction work explores worlds where paranoia is a constant and determining whether an individual maintains any liberty is regularly questionable. In this thesis I am basically exploring issues regarding power. Although I barely bring up the term power in it, I feel it is central. Power is an ambiguous term; are we discussing physical power, state power, objective power, subjective power, or any of the other possible manifestations of the word? The original Anglo-French version of power means "to be able," asking whether it is possible for one to do something. In relation to Verhoeven's science fiction work each demonstrates the limitations placed upon an individual's autonomy, asking are the protagonists capable of independent agency or rather just environmental constructs reflecting the myriad influences surrounding them.