The purpose of this thesis is to investigate whether a specific method of financing, so called Crowd Funding, CF, can be applied on the Swedish housing market. Limitations are made to the housing market of Stockholm since it is different in many ways from the housing market in the rest of the country. Real estate is only mentioned as examples of items in different funding methods when the new solution is aimed primarily for the condominium market. Problems are identified and investigated through interviews with officials involved in funding. Preliminary there is a historical background to the proposal, various needs that have arisen and why. The background includes the concept of CF as a method, its application and what it is that makes it so successful. This is followed by an overview of the conventional lending market in Sweden and an overview of a range of alternative financing methods that could be applied to the condominium property today. A solution based on a combination of CF and conventional mortgages is presented. It also follows issues that must be investigated and resolved in connection with the use of CF in combination with conventional mortgages. The problems are discussed in interviews with relevant officials and presented under the heading Results of the investigations. A brief overview of client funds and client accounts is provided as background for the reader to follow the reasoning that follows. Finally, there is a draft legally tenable agreement that could be applied to the presented solution. The thesis discusses legal parties and concepts in situations that might arise. Under alternative financing methods situations are discussed between lenders and borrowers. Lenders are usually institutional lenders, but may include private lenders as well. Borrowers are generally individuals. The whole relationship is built up as a form of credit where the risk premium is paid in a form of an option. This means that the funding schemes are mixed in a new form of financing, why the parties' names also may be mixed. / Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka om en specifik finansieringsmetod, så kallad Crowd Funding, CF, går att tillämpa på den svenska bostadsrättsmarknaden. Avgränsningar görs till Stockholms bostadsrättsmarknad då denna skiljer sig på många sätt från bostadsmarknaden i resten av landet. Fastigheter tas endast upp som exempel på objekt inom finansieringsmetoder då den nya lösningen i första hand riktar sig till bostadsrättsobjekt. Problem identifieras och utreds genom intervjuer med funktionärer som arbetar med finansiering. Inledande presenteras bakgrunden till förslaget, olika behov som har uppstått och varför. Bakgrunden innefattar begreppet CF som metod, hur den tillämpats och vad det är som gör den så framgångsrik. Därefter ges en översikt över den konventionella lånemarknaden i Sverige och en översikt över en rad alternativa finansieringar som skulle kunna tillämpas på bostadsrättsobjekt idag. . En potentiell lösning av finansieringsproblematiken presenteras i form av ett förslag som innebär en kombination av CF och konventionella lån. Vidare följer problem som måste undersökas och lösas i samband med användning av CF och konventionella lån. Problemen diskuteras i intervjuer med relevanta funktionärer och presenteras under rubriken "Resultat från undersökningar" En kort översikt om klientmedel och klientmedelskonton ges som bakgrund till läsaren för att kunna följa resonemanget som följer. Slutligen presenteras ett utkast till juridiskt hållbart avtal som skulle kunna tillämpas på CF. I uppsatsen diskuteras juridiska parter och begrepp i situation som kan tänkas uppstå. Under alternativa finansieringsmetoder diskuteras situationer mellan långivare och låntagare. Långivare är normalt institutionella kreditgivare men kan även innefatta mer privata kreditgivare. Låntagare är generellt endast privatpersoner. Under avsnittet där CF helt eller delvis tillämpas på bostäder, benämns kreditgivare som investerare eller finansiär beroende på finansieringsform. Låntagaren, köpare av bostaden, benämns kredittagaren. Hela förhållandet är uppbyggt som en form av kreditgivning där riskpremien betalas ut i en form av option. Detta innebär att finansieringsmetoderna blandas i en ny form av finansiering, varför parternas benämningar också kan komma att blandas.

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The aim of this thesis is to inspect and identify available technologies and services in order to develop a prototype web application, based on acrowd funding idea, for a startup company. The prototype is going to be used for attracting investments, for further development, and it implements essential functionality such as social login, and a user interface focused on statistics and a payment service.The project was conducted in three main areas, a research phase, a development phase and a documentation phase. All the choices that have been made during the project have been considered with other possible solutions at the research phase by investigating the advantages and disadvantages of the solutions. In conclusion, the thesis examines the web application prototype as a final result, evaluates design decisions and solution choices made in there search phase and recommends possible extension routes of the system for further application development. The thesis hopes to offer useful information and a good starting point for students that are considering developing an application based on a crowd funding model or an Enterprise application using similar technologies. / Syftet med denna studien är att undersöka och identifiera tillgängligateknologiska lösningar och tjänster för utveckling av en webbapplikation prototyp, baserad på en crowdfunding idé, för ett nystartat företag. Prototypen kommer att användas för att locka inverterare som är villiga att vidareutveckla prototypen. De grundläggande funktionaliteten såsom social inloggning, och et tanvändargränssnitt med fokus på statistik och en betaltjänst är implementerat i prototypen. Projektet utfördes i tre huvudsakliga delar, en undersöknings fas, en utvecklins fas och dokumentations fas. Alla valen som har gjorts under projektets gång har övervägts med andra möjliga val under undersökningsfasen genom att ta fram för och nackdelar. Avslutningsvis undersöker studien den slutliga prototypen som ett slutresultat, utvärderar designbeslut och lösnings val som har gjorts under forskningsfasen och rekommenderar eventuella tilläggsmöjligheter för vidareutveckling. Studien förväntas kunna ge användbar information och en bra utgångspunkt för projekt som överväger att utveckla ett program som bygger på en crowdfunding modell eller ett Enterprise program med liknande teknologi.

Orientadora: Rosangela da Silva Leote / Banca: Milton Terumitsu Sogabe / Banca: Giselle Beiguelman / Resumo: Este trabalho analisa o conceito de commons digital, originado no campo da cibercultura, no contexto de ações artísticas produzidas nos últimos anos na cidade de São Paulo. Valendome principalmente das teorias de Antonio Negri, Nicolas Bourriaud, Guy Debord e Gilles Lipovetsky, parto da retomada do "comum" como valor intrínseco à sociedade informacional, sigo com sua análise nos campos da arte pública e artemídia para, enfim, classificar cinco aspectos das poéticas do comum (p. 118), a partir de três modelos de casos: BaixoCentro (2012), Pimp My Carroça (2012) e Piscina no Minhocão (2014). Por fim, apresento os primeiros resultados da ação Terrenos Apaixonantemente Objetivos, que aplica a ideia do comum à deriva situacionista, e detalho a concepção e desenvolvimento do Derivoscópio, obra integrante da ação, um aparato vestível construído com hardware e software livres. / Abstract: This work analyzes the concept of digital commons, originated in the field of cyberculture, in the context of artistic actions produced in the last years in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Based primarily on the theories by Antonio Negri, Nicolas Bourriaud, Guy Debord and Gilles Lipovetsky, I start from the resumption of the "common" as an intrinsic value to the Information Society to proceed with its analysis in the fields of Public Art and New Media Art. Then, I classify five aspects of the poetics of the common (p. 118), based on three case models: BaixoCentro (2012), Pimp My Carroça (2012) and Piscina no Minhocão (2014). Lastly, I present the first results of the artwork Objective Passional Terrains, which applies the concept of the common to the situationist drift, detailing the design and development of the Driftscope, a wearable apparatus built with free hardware and software, as part of that artwork. / Mestre

Crowdfunding is becoming a new form of funding used by entrepreneurs in Sweden who seek financing for their ventures or projects. This form of funding of which the crowdfunders invest in a nontraditional alternative requires a relationship between the crowdfunders and the entrepreneurs. This thesis aims to provide extensive information into how entrepreneurs and crowdfunders interact with each other. While considering research that has been carried out so far on the growth of crowdfunding, the author wishes to provide more detailed findings and an understanding of how crowdfunders and founders operate after equity crowdfunding.The empirical findings were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire from 20 Swedish entrepreneurs that are currently engaged with equity Crowdfunding and have received funding for their ventures. The basis for the design of the questionnaire was built upon a literature review and previous researches. The research was carried out as an exploratory study using a qualitative approach known as thematic method of data analysis to investigate entrepreneur and crowdfunders relationships and what successes can be recorded based on the relationship.This thesis indicates that the entrepreneurs were largely satisfied with the relationship and benefits they derived from equity crowdfunding. However, this research also presented challenges and benefits of crowdfunding as experienced by the respondents. The benefits of the crowdfunders-entrepreneurs relationship as a factor have contributed to entrepreneurs' wellbeing as described by the participants.

The goal of this thesis is to investigate the key success factors in the digital marketing approach used for campaigns done on crowdfunding platforms, and how it will change influence the decisions of the crowd to invest in a project. Regarding the structure of this thesis, we will firstly explain in details what are the roots of the crowdfunding, describe the different type of platforms and in which context they are used. In the second and third part, we will see how crowdfunding represent a boost for the entrepreneurial initiative and how digital marketing is influencing the process of a raising fund campaign. Finally, thanks a research that has been conducted on 46 respondents, we will analyze the behavior of the crowd regarding the marketing approach used by crowdfunders. As findings, we can state that a crowdfunder must establish a project with a substantial quality content that will pull the crowd toward the project, and choose the right approach in selecting an adapted crowdfunding platforms and rewards.

The topic of this thesis is to analyze the business models currently used in the gaming industry. The aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current economic situation of the industry, distribution channels, used technologies and business practices from the perspective of all market participants. The theoretical part is due to less frequent topic devoted to the description of all entities of gaming industry. It analyzes not only all the actors involved in the development of video games and their subsequent sale but also the technical tools used to play games and also the players themselves. Video games are divided into two main streams (hardcore and casual) which also determine the structure and analysis. The analytical part focuses on capturing the most widely used business models and their combination for the sale of the video games. Models are then categorized into two groups (goods and services) and represent two different approaches to pricing scenarios. For each business model describes the basic principle, its pros and cons, the factors influencing the successful implementation and an example of the use of the model in practice. The analysis also includes the socio-economic profiles of two major market segments. In conclusion, based on the current developments and current trends in the field across the gambling industry the work tries to predict the future development of business models and for video games respectively. the whole industry.

打造一個好的產品是所有早期新創公司的核心，然而如何將產品從構想到販售並取顧客喜愛，則是一個需要理論與實務結合、不斷實驗的過程。在本論文中，作者將過去三年實際帶領產品-Voltset從出生到成長的經驗紀錄下來並與理論相呼應，探討一個新產品如何透過不斷循環的迭代過程 (iteration process)增加其新產品完整度 (product readiness) 。這三年當中，作者歸納了 Voltset從初期抽象構想的形成，獲得第一位付費的客戶，到後期在全球最大的群眾募資平台上進行全球市場驗證的過程。本論文主要會針對兩大部分做深度討論: 第一部分著重於探討如何在各種實際市場驗證測試中增加產品就緒度，並點出在目前現有理論框架，如: 精實創業 (the Lean startup) 下可能與實際執行面不同之處。根據本產品的經驗，新產品第一次的迭代過程循環應該經由以下幾個步驟：產品目標市場願景、產品本身定義、最小可行性產品構築、意見領袖背書、市場驗證、市場測試與學習。第二部分則是討論當在定義一個新產品的功能與特徵時，如何正確地選擇性聽取以及以什麼方式來聽取目標客戶的需求。根據打造 Voltset產品的經驗，作者發現當潛在客戶聲音太廣泛時，應只聽取”已付費”客戶的意見，因為該族群的產生是藉由深入了解產品價值，並經歷認同與付費過程而形成，因此會在產品的功能與特徵上的需求較聚焦。 本論文藉由親身實務經驗與理論的對話提供深度的產品迭代過程探討，作者期許這樣的研究能對於縮小理論與實務的鴻溝做出貢獻。 / Product building is a core activity for any early-stage startup. However, there are still many gaps between literature to real world practice for successfully developing a product that is accepted by the market. In this thesis, the building experience of Voltset -- a one of the kind hardware and software integrated multimeter, is studied for its journey of product iteration process to increase product readiness. The cofounder of the startup as well as the author of this thesis, has reflected his firsthand experience with literature such as the Commercializing New Technologies and the Lean Startup to seek steps necessary to move the project from shaping an abstract concept, acquiring the first paying customer, and then campaigning a successful crowd funding project. The thesis focuses on answering two questions: First, what are the steps required to enhance product readiness through validation testing from the first business idea to receiving its first group of paying customers. Based on the experience of Voltset and the Lean startup framework, it suggests the first product iteration process should loop through the following stages: Product market vision, product definition, minimum viable product building, key opinion leader endorsement, validation sell, measure, and learn. Second, when a product specification needs to be pinpointed, who and how to listen to the voice of targeted customers (VOC) is the state-of-art question for early-stage startups. Within the scope of this experience, it indicates to focus only on paying customers since they understand the potential value of the new product and have similar needs compare to the wide range of feature request from the rest of potential buyers. This thesis provides the insights of product iteration from first-hand experience, enriching the knowledge gap between real product building and theoretic framework point of view.