The main aim of this diploma thesis was to assess an influence of position of the castle Křivoklát for tourism in a region. At first the work assessed the castle in the system of the other sights in the region. Then there were discovered the movements of visitors with their main destinations in the region. Last the work analyzed the cooperation of the castle with the institutions in tourism.

The objective of this Diploma Thesis is to draft a project of cultural tourism development in Třeboň region. Quantity of ponds and water courses are typical for this territory, and it also parades with a number of water mills that are architecturally or technologically valuable in terms of historic monuments. Despite their value they are not used as touristic sites and that is why to draft a project of Museum of miller's craft Mill of Spolí is a constituent of the Thesis. The sense and the objective of the project are to provide public access into the existing building of the Mill of Spolí as a technical monument. Museum exposition and practical demonstrations of mill machinery should improve the visitors' knowledge and it should inform them about the history of miller's craft and about the history of the Mill of Spolí itself. By these means the fame of Czech miller's craft as one of the traditional elements of country settlement should be reminded.

Inicialmente, é apresentado um debate sobre as Mediações Culturais e suas implicações nos processos de construção de sentido. Entendido enquanto universos simbólicos que orientam as interpretações e projeções práticas dos sujeitos sobre o mundo que o cerca, o conceito de Mediações Culturais e a reflexão acerca das características da experiência turística vêm a compor os princípios teóricos que permitem pensar: em que medida as representações sociais de atrativo turístico influenciam nos sentidos atribuídos ao local, tanto por aqueles que produzem os produtos turísticos quanto por aqueles que os consomem? Diante dessa problemática, o método da Análise de Discurso é utilizado para desvelar os pilares simbólicos sobre os quais se ergue o conceito de Atrativo Turístico. Nesse processo analítico, a concepção de atratividade do espaço urbano é revelada. Uma concepção que remete a sentidos fluídos, diante dos quais a palavra torna-se insuficiência representativa, solicitando uma narrativa interpretativa alicerçada em outras formas expressivas. Finalizando, assim, com o aporte da antropologia visual e a constituição de uma narrativa imagética sobre a atratividade de Buenos Aires. / The first subject introduced is concerned with the Cultural Mediation and its concrete implications in the structuring of meaning process. Throughout the theory s arrangements presented, the cultural mediations are understood as symbolic boundaries which shape people s conceptions and actions. In addition to this perspective, the discussion of tourist experience s characteristics is articulated to develop a theoretical ground in order to raise the main research problem. Thus, the investigation proposal set aims at elucidating the influence s dimension of the Social Representation of Tourist Attraction in the meanings produced by the tourist and by the ones who produce the tourist interpretation about the place to be lived in the tourism context. Regarding these issues, the symbolic background that feeds the conception of tourist attraction was brought to light. The Discourse Analysis was fundamental to achieve this result and, beyond it, the method used permitted another concept to be found out: the urban space attractivity. This last term express the fluid meanings existents in everyday life, the ones which words can not fully reach. Due to the word s insuffiency to symbolize this sort of significance, the image is applied as a proper resource to expose the attractivity of Buenos Aires and, for that matter, the Visual Anthropology is worthy.

Investigação crítica dos processos de intervenção urbana em áreas centrais históricas. Analisa o aprofundamento das formas de segregação causadas pela valorização desses espaços, a redefinição do papel da cultura e a contraposição entre discursos e políticas, revelando a contradição entre produção socializada do espaço e sua apropriação privada. Discute aspectos do processo de empresariamento da produção da cidade, que incorpora o Patrimônio Cultural de áreas históricas às dinâmicas de promoção das cidades no mercado mundial, no qual a diferenciação é fundamental à competitividade. Trata-se da mercantilização da cultura que resulta na banalização da paisagem urbana, reduz e simplifica aspectos culturais, convertidos em objetos de consumo. Propõe o estudo de intervenções realizadas no Centro Histórico de Salvador e no Bairro do Recife. Para tanto, estabelece marcos conceituais específicos, definidos a partir dos elementos definidores da Urbanalização e do Processo de Containerização do Espaço Urbano e de questões relativas à preservação do Patrimônio Cultural, considerando-se as relações entre Patrimônio Arquitetônico, Patrimônio Imaterial e as formas de vivência estabelecidas no território. Nesse sentido, o turismo, que privilegia as atividades de comércio e serviço em detrimento da habitação, é a chave de inserção dos marcos conceituais propostos e revela o processo de substituição e/ou afastamento dos grupos de usuários locais. Em nossas análises encontramos, no lugar do Turismo Cultural, apresentado como um modelo adequado para conciliar rentabilidade econômica, melhoria da qualidade do ambiente urbano e preservação do Patrimônio Cultural, um turismo predatório, direcionado para o mercado e voltado à média e alta renda, situação que privilegia grupos específicos direcionados ao consumo e compromete significativamente Identidades Culturais anteriormente estabelecidas. Em meio ao Processo de Privatização do Espaço Urbano, observa-se o comprometimento da cultura local face à ausência de seus agentes produtores e a desarticulação da dinâmica urbana cotidiana. A preocupação com essa temática se justifica porque o processo de conformação de novas dinâmicas urbanas compromete, ao menos em parte, a paisagem urbana anteriormente constituída. Sem as formas de apropriação e usos cotidianos anteriores, atrelados ao Patrimônio Imaterial e aos vínculos estabelecidos com o tempo, o que concede ao Patrimônio Arquitetônico e ao espaço urbano características específicas, vemos a transformação da paisagem em um cenário artificial, vigiado e controlado, para usos dirigidos, em horários determinados. Neste quadro de análise, a tese pretende contribuir com o debate sobre as formas contemporâneas de produção do espaço urbano, especialmente quanto ao papel das Áreas Centrais Históricas, levando à reflexão quanto às nuances entre a preservação de sua paisagem particular e os processos de banalização a que estão sujeitas. / Critical investigation of the urban intervention processes in historic central areas. It analyzes the deepening of the segregation forms caused by the appreciation of these spaces, the redefinition of the culture role and the contrast between discourses and policies, revealing the contradiction between socialized production of space and its private appropriation. It discusses aspects of the production of the city entrepreneurship process, which incorporates the Cultural Patrimony of historical areas to the promoting dynamic of the cities in the world market, in which differentiation is the key to competitiveness. This is the commodification of culture that results in the trivialization of the urban landscape, reduces and simplifies the cultural aspects converted into objects of consumption. It proposes the study of interventions realized in the historic center of Salvador and in the Recife District. To do so, it establishes specific conceptual frameworks, defined from the defining elements of the Urbanalization and Containerization Process of the Urban Space and of issues related to the preservation of the Cultural Patrimony, considering the relationship between Architectural Patrimony, Intangible Patrimony and ways of living established in the territory. In this sense, tourism, which focuses on the activities of trade and service over housing, is the key of the integration of proposed conceptual frameworks and reveals the process of replacement and/or removal of local user groups. In our analysis we have found, in the place of Cultural Tourism, presented as a suitable model for reconciling economic profitability, improvement of the urban environment quality and preservation of Cultural Patrimony, a predatory tourism, directed to the market and geared to middle and high-income, status which privileges specific groups targeted to consumption and significantly undermines Cultural Identities previously established. Amid the Privatization Process of Urban Space, there is the commitment of the local culture with the absence of its producing agents and the disarticulation of the quotidian urban dynamics. The concern with this topic is justified because the process of shaping new urban dynamics compromises, at least in part, the urban landscape previously constituted. Without the appropriation forms of and earlier quotidian use, linked to the Intangible Patrimony and to the links established along the time, which gives to the Architectural Patrimony and to the urban space specific characteristics, we see the transformation of the landscape in an artificial setting, monitored and controlled to directed uses, at certain times. In this framework of analysis, the thesis aims to contribute to the debate on contemporary forms of urban space production, especially regarding to the role of Historical Central Areas, leading to a reflection about the nuances between preserving their particular landscape and the trivialization processes to which they are subjected.

Submitted by CARLOS EDUARDO GUIMARÃES (kgbureau@terra.com.br) on 2012-12-19T14:09:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_VERSÃO_FINAL_corrigida_.pdf: 5461420 bytes, checksum: 494e476c7ee9bbb60b53aac58d10932f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rafael Aguiar (rafael.aguiar@fgv.br) on 2012-12-20T16:44:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_VERSÃO_FINAL_corrigida_.pdf: 5461420 bytes, checksum: 494e476c7ee9bbb60b53aac58d10932f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2013-01-09T18:50:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_VERSÃO_FINAL_corrigida_.pdf: 5461420 bytes, checksum: 494e476c7ee9bbb60b53aac58d10932f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-09T18:51:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_VERSÃO_FINAL_corrigida_.pdf: 5461420 bytes, checksum: 494e476c7ee9bbb60b53aac58d10932f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-10 / This current essay tries to accomplish some reflections about the cultural tourism in the city of Rio de Janeiro, through the creation of a travel guide with themed routes based on the history of the city. This guide would present new forms to observe the urban landscape considering the main role played by the city in the Brazilian history as political and cultural capital. The major focus of the foreseen itineraries would be the nation’s republican phase from the end of the XIX century till the 1970’s. In this period, Rio has faced innumerable urban changes which would be also analyzed during a series of walking-tours described in the travel guide. Based on this approach, the paper analyzes the formulation possibilities for this touristic product through theoretical references about Collective Memory, Sites of Memory, Cultural Identity and Heritage Interpretation. Taking advantage from these concepts, the study explains this emerging style of cultural tourism as an incentive for local residents to become travellers in their own city, as citizen- tourists. / A presente dissertação propõe-se a trazer algumas reflexões sobre o turismo cultural no Rio de Janeiro através da criação de um guia de viagem com rotas temáticas baseadas na história da cidade. Este guia proporia novas formas de leitura da paisagem urbana carioca a partir do papel central que a cidade teve na história brasileira enquanto capital política e cultural da nação. O foco principal dos itinerários seria a fase republicana no Brasil entre o final do século XIX até os anos 1970. Nesse período, o Rio passou por uma série de reformas urbanas que seriam também analisadas através de uma série de caminhadas temáticas descritas no guia. A partir dessa abordagem, o trabalho analisa as possibilidades de formatação desse produto turístico através da interlocução entre referenciais teóricos de Memória Coletiva, Lugar de Memória, Identidade Cultural e Interpretação de Patrimônio. Tirando proveito desses conceitos, o estudo procura justificar esse estilo emergente de turismo cultural como um incentivo para o morador do Rio tornar-se viajante em sua própria cidade, enquanto turista-cidadão.

The Mediterranean is the world’s number one tourist destination and the biggest tourism region in the world, which has been visited by 260 million tourists in 1990 and what is more, it is expected that this number will increase to 655 million by the year 2025. In the last 10 years Croatia and Turkey became two of the most popular Mediterranean destinations, and joined the trend of a growing number of European cities that are promoting the development of tourism in order to overcome the post-industrial crisis, or as in the case of Croatia, the post-war crisis. Consequently, today both countries see tourism as their economic future. However, to achieve continuous and sustainable development of tourism, three interrelated aspects should be taken into consideration: economic, social, and environmental. The main question that we tried to answer is in what ways tourism is contributing to the sustainable development of the local community - based on the case studies of Alanya in Turkey, and Dubrovnik in Croatia. Both communities have experienced rapid development of the tourism sector in the last 10 years, which still seems to rise continuously. As a result, various impacts have occurred. Some of them are positive and there is an obvious contribution to sustainable development, while some of the impacts have negative influence on sustainability. Alanya is characterized by the 3S or mass tourism, while Dubrovnik is a world heritage city, which is offering cultural tourism. Notably, mass tourism in Alanya and cultural tourism in Dubrovnik have different impacts on a place. Although Alanya has the opportunity to diversify their tourism, mass tourism is still the main tourism activity. Since mass tourism generally involves a large number of people visiting a small area, it can change an area dramatically. What is interesting about Dubrovnik is that its tourism has suffered a series of devastating events throughout history, such as a major earthquake in 1979 and war between 1991 and 1995, which has left the local tourist economy in tatters. However, cultural tourism in Dubrovnik has been proven as a more sustainable type of tourism than the mass tourism in Alanya, which can be mostly seen through the environmental impacts. In Dubrovnik, tourism is used to increase environmental awareness of the local population, and moreover, the city has recognized the financial values of cultural sites, which are used for the protection and preservation of the heritage.While Dubrovnik is putting a lot of effort to preserve its culture and heritage, Alanya’s main aim is to attract more tourists. For that reason, Alanya is much more sensitive than Dubrovnik concerning the possible threats to become an overdeveloped and overcrowded destination. The rich cultural and historical heritage make Dubrovnik a special and unique tourist destination, and therefore it is facing less risk than Alanya that it will be replaced by the other destinations in the near future. What is important for both communities is to be aware that positive consequences of tourism can arise only if, and when tourism is carried out and developed in a sustainable way. In order to achieve positive correlation between tourism and the local community, an involvement of the local population is essential. In Dubrovnik, the local population has been already involved in the implementation of the tourism, but the potential is still not completely used and there is much more to be done. On the other hand, the priority for Alanya perhaps should be a development of the alternative types of tourism with the special focus on the cultural tourism, which would enable Alanya to become a year-round tourist destination and provide more jobs for the local population, as well as greater income for the community. Moreover, earned money could be used for the protection of the environment and cultural heritage, and involvement of the local population in the planning process would arguably lead to more sustainable tourism. / Ana Beban +385 98 389 420 +385 1 3768 230 anabeban@yahoo.com Huseyin Ok huseyinok@gmail.com

M.A. (Tourism & Hospitality Management) / Urban tourism is a growing sector of the tourism market therefore many large cities in developed and developing countries have adopted tourism-led approaches to urban regeneration. Urban tourism now forms part of the South African local and regional economic development strategies of all major cities such as Johannesburg, Cape Town, Durban, Port Elizabeth, East London and Bloemfontein. Cultural tourism in turn is perceived as the fastest growing type of tourism in the world, and can function as a powerful tool in urban regeneration and transformation. Urban regeneration has the potential to produce economic benefits, improve physical environment, inner-city image and the welfare of city residents. The focus of the study was to explore the role of Newtown Cultural Precinct as a tool for urban regeneration, local economic growth and increasing tourist flows to the Johannesburg inner-city. Data was collected using mix-methods designs. In the first phase qualitative data was collected from various stakeholders involved in the development and management Newtown Cultural Precinct, and in the second phase quantitative data was collected from both domestic and international tourists visiting the cultural precinct. The result of the study reveals that Newtown Cultural Precinct serves as a ‘catalyst’ for urban regeneration and shows great potential in stimulating local economic growth and attracting a greater number of visitors into the Johannesburg inner city. Newtown Cultural Precinct has achieved, so far, some of the benefits of urban regeneration such as turning Newtown into a safe, secure, vibrant and friendly environment, improving social dimension of city residents, creating easy access into Newtown as well as positive perceptions of the image of Johannesburg inner-city.

This diploma thesis deals with the issue of cultural routes that are a product of cultural tourism. Based on the definition of product of cultural tourism diploma thesis defines the key factors of cultural route proposal. On selected examples of already implemented cultural routes identifies important facts for own proposal of cultural route. The subject of the proposed cultural route is Josipa (Jože) Plečnik's architecture. Plečnik was an architect who was active in the first half of the 20th century. The cultural route connects architectural heritage of three European countries, the Czech Republic, Slovenia and Austria

In this essay, we focus on how Helsingborg uses its cultural part of the total tourism. Are there any sights or attractions that have something extra that makes a tourist wants to go to Helsingborg and visit them, and what's the traction forces that are behing? For a municipality, in our case Helsingborg will be able to attract tourists and visitors must be able to market themselves in a good way so the tourists know about what the municipality has to offer. In our previous research, there are both similarities and differences in how to work with culture as part of the tourism industry. The main similarity we have come to is that the history of all the sights and attractions are mainly highlighted and the difference is that you see their work processes in different ways in how to work with cultural tourism. All the places we've studied all have a well-functioning tourism in the whole of the factors mentioned in this essay, but it comes to working well thought out with all the factors that may have an impact on how long you can be a destination or not. / I vår uppsats fokuserar vi på hur Helsingborg arbetar med kultur som en del i den totala turismen som finns. Har kulturella sevärdheter och attraktioner något extra som gör att en turist vill åka till platsen och vad kan det vara for dragningskrafter som ligger bakom? För att en kommun, i vårt fall Helsingborg ska kunna locka turister och besökarna måste man kunna marknadsföra sig på ett bra sätt så turisterna vet om vad kommunen har att erbjuda. I vår tidigare forskning finns det både likheter och skillnader i hur man arbetar med kultur som en del av turismbranschen. Den främsta likheten vi kommit fram till är att historien bakom alla sevärdheter och attraktioner är det som främst lyfts fram och skillnaden är att man ser sina arbetsprocesser pa olika sätt i hur man arbetar med kulturturism. Alla platser vi har studerat har alla en välfungerande turism i det stora hela i de faktorer som nämns i vår uppsats, men det gäller att arbeta genomtänkt med alla faktorer som kan tänkas ha en påverkan på hur länge man kan vara en destination eller inte.

This work focuses on project of European capital of culture as a potential factor for supporting development of tourism. The first part examines the cultural events and festivals which represents innovation in the cultural tourism product, and evaluates their benefits. These benefits are visible in different areas of development which proves multiplier effect of those events. Potential impacts are described primarily in the field of tourism, further then in economic, social, cultural and marketing fields. This thesis also introduces history and functioning of the project, with reference to changes in the rules in recent years, which were designed to strengthen its role as a catalyst for local development. Practical, research part of the thesis assesses the feasibility of achieving these potential benefits in the tourism sector, based on the final reports from cities and external agencies to the European Commission. This part works with statistics on attendance changes of the host cities during the cultural year and after and thus deals also with the question whether the project can help promote tourism in the long term. The conclusion determines the conditions under which it is possible to realize the potential benefits of event.