Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka kuratorers erfarenheter av transkulturella möten och kuratorers uppfattningar om hur kulturkompetens inverkar på vården inom svensk psykiatri. Ambitionen med studien är också att få förståelse för om det kan vara av vikt att kuratorer inom psykiatri innehar kulturkompetens. Studien utgår från att Sverige är ett mångkulturellt land där många kulturer möts, vilket ger anledningar att studera hur kuratorer samspelar med patienter vid transkulturella möten. Studiens syfte har uppnåtts med hjälp av en kvalitativ metod där semistrukturerade intervjuer med tio kuratorer har genomförts. Empirin har analyserats genom tematisk analys och studiens frågeställningar har studerats utifrån teorierna symbolisk interaktionism och andrefiering. Resultaten av studien visar bland annat vilka erfarenheter kuratorer har av transkulturella möten samt vilka utmaningar kuratorerna upplever i dessa möten. Det kan vara till exempel patientens bristande språk och kulturella skillnader bland annat i form av hur psykisk ohälsa uttrycks. I studien framkommer också kuratorers uppfattningar av kulturkompetens och att de ser att det finns ett behov av sådan kompetens. Denna kompetens menar kuratorerna kan uppnås genom en kombination av utbildning och erfarenhet. Studiens slutsats är att kuratorer menar att kulturkompetens kan vara av betydelse för att uppnå jämlik vård samt nå förståelse i möten med patienter som har en annan kulturell bakgrund. Implikationer för socialt arbete som tas upp i studien är till exempel att kulturkompetens inom psykiatri kan skapa förståelse för patienter med en annan kulturell bakgrund och vara till gagn för dem då det handlar om jämlik vård. Vidare lyfts i studien ett behov av att erfarenheter av transkulturella möten och kulturkompetens studeras även ur andra synvinklar.

Bakgrund: Sverige blir alltmer mångkulturellt, vilket präglar hälso- och sjukvården idag. Sjuksköterskans profession handlar om att ge en god omvårdnad till alla och sjuksköterskan förväntas inneha en allt större kulturkompetens. Trots detta visar studier på att det finns brister i kommunikation och bemötande i den transkulturella omvårdnaden. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskans upplevelser av den transkulturella vårdrelationen. Metod: En litteraturstudie där materialet från tio kvalitativa studier användes. Resultat: Resultatet presenteras i form av tre teman och fem subteman: Hinder för att utföra en god omvårdnad med subteman språksvårigheter, känslor och dramatik och organisatoriska faktorer, Närstående - en utmaning, Sjuksköterskans syn på transkulturell omvårdnad med subteman avsaknad av utbildning i transkulturell omvårdnad och att vara självmedveten och medveten om kulturella skillnader Slutsats: Även denna studies resultat bekräftar det tidigare studier har sagt om att språkbarriärer är ett stort hinder i den transkulturella vårdrelationen. Språkbarriärerna kunde övervinnas med hjälp av tolk. Då tillgången till tolk inte alltid fanns använde sig sjuksköterskorna av närstående. Närståendes närvaro upplevdes både som något positivt men även som ett hinder i omvårdnadsarbetet. Utbildning i religion och kultur behövs för att bli mer kulturkompetent. Utöver detta behövs livserfarenhet tillsammans med erfarenhet av att arbeta i en mångkulturell miljö. Klinisk betydelse: Det finns ett behov av mer utbildning inom området transkulturell omvårdnad i sjuksköterskans grundutbildning. Tillgängligheten till en auktoriserad tolk bör även underlättas i sjuksköterskans omvårdnadsarbete för att patientens omvårdnadsbehov ska kunna tillgodoses. / Background: Sweden is becoming increasingly multicultural, which characterizes health care today. Nursing profession is all about providing good health care for all, and the nurse is expected to hold an increasing cultural competence. Despite this, studies show that there are gaps in communication and response in transcultural nursing. Purpose: To describe nurses' experiences of the transcultural caring relationship. Method: A literature review where the materials from ten qualitative studies were used. Results: The results are presented in terms of three themes and five subthemes: Obstacles to perform a good nursing with subthemes language difficulties, emotions and drama and organizational factors, Relatives - a challenge, nurse's views on transcultural nursing with subthemes, lack of training in transcultural nursing and being self-conscious and aware of cultural differences. Conclusion: This study's results confirm what previous studies have said that the language barrier is a major obstacle in the transcultural caring relationship. Language barriers could overcome with the help of an interpreter. Since the nurses did not always have access to an interpreter they used relatives. Family’s presence felt both positive, but also as an obstacle in nursing. Education in religion and culture is needed to be more cultural competent. In addition to this life experience along with experience of working in a multicultural environment is necessary. Clinical significance: There is a need for more training in the area of transcultural nursing in nursing education. The availability of a qualified interpreter should also be facilitated in nursing so patients’ needs can be met.

The social work practice problem for this study was a lack of knowledge about social workers' experiences of working with deaf and hard of hearing people with mental illness. This study was needed to fill a practice gap by increasing an understanding of the experiences of social workers to inform best practices and address the needs of deaf and hard of hearing population through culturally and linguistically competent mental health services. The research questions focused on the experiences and challenges of social workers working with deaf and hard of hearing people and best practices identified by these social workers. Ecological systems theory was used to guide this study. Data were collected from a focus group comprising 9 social workers working with deaf and hard of hearing people with mental illness at a healthcare provider on the east coast of the United States that offered culturally and linguistically therapeutic services. Themes identified through thematic analysis of the data were cultural competence, empowerment and advocacy, professional education, and leadership to advance cultural competence. The findings of this study may be used to help healthcare providers identify key components of program design and service delivery that support culturally and linguistically competent mental health services for the population. This knowledge may also be used by social work practitioners and administrators to bring about positive social change by enhancing social work practice related to deaf and hard of hearing clients with mental illness, improving mental health outcomes, and supporting recognition of the importance of culturally and linguistically competent mental health services.

The population in the United States is expected to increase an estimated 42% by the year 2042; ethnic minorities will become the majority group. Marketing executives must understand the environment in which consumers from diverse cultures respond to marketing stimuli. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the strategies senior marketing executives use to implement successful multicultural marketing campaigns. The target population consisted of senior marketing executives from 3 profitable companies in the state of Michigan with experience in the implementation of successful multicultural marketing campaigns. The conceptual framework was the critical multicultural marketing theory. Data were collected from semistructured interviews and organizational documents. Data were analyzed using Yin's 5 stages of analysis: compiled and organized, disassembled into fragments, reassembled into a sequence of groups, interpreted for meaning, and conclusions were drawn. Methodological triangulation and member checking were used to validate the trustworthiness of data interpretations. The findings showed 3 emerging themes: marketing using diversity and inclusion strategies; segmentation, target marketing, and positioning strategies; and cultural competence strategies. The information gathered in this study is valuable to current and future marketing managers with an interest in marketing to multicultural consumers. The implications for positive social change include creating and sustaining an environment of inclusion that proactively and strategically engages underrepresented populations of consumers.

Studies have increasingly shown that more parent involvement leads to higher academic achievement for kids. However, studies have also shown a difference in the ability of parents to effectively further their children's interest based on social class. Middle-class parents are described as being able to activate their cultural and social capital in order to further their interests, while working-class and low-income parents have been described as frustrated and marginalized- lacking the ability to activate their capital in a way that benefits themselves and their children. The intent of this study is to explore how parents understand their role in the parent teacher relationship to look for evidence that social class might not be as much of a factor as previous literature suggests when it comes to activation of cultural capital. Building on a study that found some working-class parents were able to activate cultural capital through their conversations with teachers, I wanted to find out if how parents understand and perform their role would offer more insight into how cultural capital is activated. Based on the premise that how parents understand their role in conversation with teachers might be able to affect their ability to activate their cultural capital, I conducted a qualitative interview study to explore how parents of 5th grade elementary students view their role in the parent-teacher relationship. Results of the study show that parents gained confidence in their role through conversations with teachers and that they also gained an increased ability to collaborate and engage in partnership with their childrens' teachers. Confidence in role and collaboration with teachers were seen as indications of activation of cultural capital. In this study, parents were able to activate their cultural capital by having collaborative relationships with teachers 9 out of 10 times, regardless of class background. I draw conclusions that parents in my study developed the ability to activate cultural capital regardless of social class background. Because of this, parents' experience of their relationships with teachers might not be as dichotomous as previous research suggests. My findings suggest that frequency of communication is an important mechanism that contributes to successful parent-teacher relationships. Communication that was particularly helpful included informal conversations and email. The use of email in parent-teacher conversations in particular is an area that deserves further study.

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The purpose of this exploratory study was to measure the cultural competence of nurse educators in accredited baccalaureate (BSN) nursing programs in Tennessee (TN) and investigate the relationship, if any, between nurse educators' cultural competence and the percentage of minority nursing students recruited into and graduated from these schools in the previous 5 years. With the rapid rise of the minority population in the United States, more minority healthcare providers, including nurses, are needed to provide culturally congruent care in underserved communities. Literature has implied that nurse educators' lack of cultural competence and sensitivity regarding minority nursing students' educational needs could be a contributing factor to minority nurses' underrepresentation. Nurse educators in 9 accredited colleges of nursing in TN completed the "Cultural Diversity Questionnaire for Nurse Educators." Some of the participating schools and the American Association of Colleges of Nursing Research Data Center provided the percentage of students recruited and graduated in each school by ethnicity. The findings revealed that the majority of respondents were at least moderately culturally competent. There was no correlation between Tennessee schools' mean cultural competence scores and their percentages of minority students recruited into BSN programs in the past 5 years. But there was a significant statistical correlation between Tennessee schools' mean cultural competence scores and their percentages of minority students graduated from BSN programs in the past 5 years (p = .015). There was a statistically significant difference between the mean cultural competence score of respondents who had lived in a culture different from the United States and those who had not (p = .01). There was also a statistically significant difference between the mean cultural competence score of respondents who had attended multicultural education seminars in the past 5 years and those who had not (p = .0005). The researcher recommended that nursing faculty engage in activities that would increase their cultural competence, enabling them assist students from diverse cultural backgrounds stay in school and graduate.