Bakgrund: Postpartumdepression är ett globalt förekommande fenomen, ungefär 20 procent av immigranter lider av sjukdomen. Det behövs mer kunskap kring postpartumdepression hos immigranter. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att syntetisera kvalitativ forskning om hur immigranter upplever sin livssituation och behov av stöd från vården i samband med en postpartumdepression. Metod: Kvalitativ litteraturöversikt med tematisk analys. Resultat: Fyra teman identifierades. De var rädsla för stigma, uppfattningen om postpartumdepression, upplevelsen av vårdsammanhang samt behov av stöd. Resultatet visade att immigranter hade brist på kunskap för postpartumdepression och upplevde att de inte får tillräckligt med stöd varken från familj och sjukvård. Slutsats: Det finns fortfarande en stigmatisering hos immigranter att hantera psykisk ohälsa. Känslor som skuld och skam är ofta orsaker att inte våga träda fram eftersom att bli mamma är förknippat med lycka. Det leder till utmaningar att fånga upp dem med symtom som tyder på postpartumdepression. Sjukvården behöver mer kompetens att ge personcentrerad vård till patienter med olika kulturella bakgrunder. Mer forskning om effekten av hembesök skulle förbättra immigranters hälsa och upptäcka postpartumdepression i tid. / Background: Postpartum depression is a global occurring phenomenon, where approximately 20 percent of immigrants suffer from it. More knowledge is needed about postpartum depression in immigrants.  Purpose: The aim of this literature review was to synthesize qualitative research on how immigrants’ experience their life situation and need for support from healthcare in association with postpartum depression. Methods: A qualitative literature review with thematic analysis.  Results: Four themes were identified. These were fear of stigma, the perception of postpartum depression, the experience of care context and need of support. Result shows that immigrants don’t have enough knowledge about postpartum depression. Furthermore, they lack support from both family and healthcare.  Conclusions: There is still a stigma among immigrants’ dealing with mental illness. Emotions such as guilt and shame are often reasons for not coming forward because becoming a mother is associated with happiness. These factors lead to challenges identify those symptoms that indicates postpartum depression. The healthcare needs more education to provide individual care to patients with different cultural backgrounds. More research on the effect of home visits can improve immigrants' health to detect postpartum depression in time.

Background: The demand for organ donation is increasing but there is always a lack of organ donor supply. To receive an organ donation, specific criteria must be met. Matching criteria between the donor and the recipient is critically important. The likelihood of having a capable organ increases when the donors and recipients have the same ethnicity. However, the number of organ donors differ significantly based on ethnicity. Purpose: The purpose of this literature review was to explore the impact of cultural background and education among the Asian and non-Hispanic White population on organ donation and how it impacts individuals' decisions on becoming organ donators. Methods: To explore the impact of cultural background and education on the Asian and non-Hispanic White population regarding organ donation, a literature review was conducted. The databases including, CINAHL Plus with Full Text and MEDLINE were utilized. Google Scholar was used for additional articles related to the topic. The time frame of the articles was from January 2012 to January 2022, a ten-year frame. Results: Overall, the Asian population had a lower deceased organ donation rate and registration rate in comparison to the non-Hispanic White population. The factors that contributed to low organ donation and registration include traditional religion, lack of knowledge, miscommunication, mistrust in the healthcare system, and consideration of family members' attitudes. Conclusion: Organ donation and registration rates remain low in the Asian population in comparison to the non-Hispanic White population due to several barriers related to their cultural background. Thus, it is critical to educate the patients and their family members regarding organ donation to increase the organ donation and registration rate.

The purpose of this study was to interview seven preschool teachers' experiences of meeting refugee children in six Swedish preschools. We wanted to find out the conditions underlying the meeting between the preschool teachers' and the refugee children. From an intercultural perspective, we have investigated how preschool teachers', more or less, address the children in relation to their past experiences and cultural background. In this study, we have applied a hermeneutical approach as a method that has allowed us to interpret the preschool teachers' stories of this phenomenon; the meeting between preschool teachers' and refugee children. Based on these interpretations, we’ve acquired a result that shows that children with a refugee background are received in different ways in Swedish preschool. Secondly, our readings show that there is a variation in how the preschool teachers' choose to highlight the child's previous experiences or not. We can also see a difference in what is regarded as important in the reception of the children. There is a difference in how preschool teachers' meeting with refugee children is conditioned by how they relate to the child’s refugee status and cultural background. Our result shows that the conditions underlying the preschool teachers' meeting with the refugee children is either assimilation into existing preschool frameworks, or accommodation to the child’s present situation with regard to their cultural background.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:22:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrea Maria Calazans Pacheco Pacifico.pdf: 7808266 bytes, checksum: 33d30fd5c5135498f6c15b7297057c6a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis is a result of an exhausted research about the importance of inserting social capital studies within the refugee issues, by joining the role of the cultural background they bring with them from the country of origin with the public policies adopted by the host place. Secondly, a theoretical investigation on social capital, a construct also used as a public policy tool, was prepared. Its importance is within the relationships produced between locals and foreigners, precisely between refugees and the local community, due to the irreversible migratory phenomena, especially due to the forced migration, as part of the new International Agenda. Thus, it is necessary to get ready the host community and the government to host them, as the integration among them could join efforts to weaken situational problems already rooted in the society, as lack of trust in the community and in the public institutions, which lead to the lack of civic participation, of cooperation and of support to host society and to refugees development. Ab initio, this work deals with the refugee s juridical definition, created by the beginning of the cold war, under political causes and aims, and based on that society, being necessary changes to adjust it to the new international system, which is characterized by human rights organizations strength. A posteriori, there is an evaluation on policies targeted on these people, in Brazil and in Canada, after characterizing these societies, qualified by the myths of tender society (the Brazilian one) and multiculturalism (the Canadian one), although, when dealing with refugees, these myths stay in theory, not reaching the practice, as wished. The originality of this research is the evaluation of the social capital produced by refugees in São Paulo and in Toronto, the role of some supporting networks and their integration as well as whether or not the refugees feel themselves as citizens and whether or not they are seen like that by the host society. At the end of the day, the importance of the cultural background the refugees bring from the country of origin and the influence of the public policy adopted within both cities were examined. Comparison, which is common in migration studies, and transdisciplinarity were the approaches chosen, as there is no single science which is able to solve the refugee dilemma / Esta tese resulta de um exaustivo trabalho de pesquisa acerca da importância da inserção do estudo do capital social na temática dos refugiados, aglutinando o papel da bagagem cultural trazida por estes indivíduos do país de origem com as políticas públicas adotadas lo local de acolhimento. Em seguida, há uma investigação teórica do capital social, constructo utilizado, também, como ferramenta de políticas públicas. Sua importância reside nas relações que se formam entre locais e estrangeiros, mais precisamente entre refugiados e comunidade local, devido à irreversibilidade do fenômeno migratório, especialmente das migrações forçadas, que atualmente é parte da Agenda Internacional. Assim, há necessidade de melhor preparar a comunidade e o governo acolhedores para recebê-los, pois a integração entre os três poderá unir forças que enfraquecerão problemas conjunturais já enraizados no cerne da sociedade, como a falta de confiança na própria comunidade e nas instituições públicas, que culminam na ausência de participação cívica, de cooperação e de apoio ao desenvolvimento da sociedade acolhedora e dos próprios refugiados. Ab initio, trabalha-se o eixo refugiados, definido, juridicamente, no início da guerra fria, com causas e fins políticos, e baseado na sociedade então vigente. Assim é que urge adequá-lo ao novo sistema internacional. A posteriori, a pesquisa avalia as políticas direcionadas para estes indivíduos, no Brasil e no Canadá, não sem antes caracterizar estas sociedades, qualificadas a partir dos mitos de sociedade cordial (a brasileira) e de multiculturalismo (a canadense), mostrando que, em se tratando de refugiados, estes mitos se evaporam na teoria, não alcançando a prática, como desejado. A originalidade desta pesquisa consiste em avaliar o capital social dos refugiados em São Paulo e em Toronto, o papel das redes de apoio aos mesmos, a integração deles nestas cidades, o sentir-se e ser visto como cidadão no novo lar e, enfim, a importância da bagagem cultural que eles trazem do país de origem e a influência das políticas públicas adotadas para eles nestas duas cidades. A comparação, comum em estudos migratórios, e a transdisciplinaridade são as abordagens utilizadas, pois não há ciência, singularmente, que solucione a problemática dos refugiados

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:57:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrea Maria Calazans Pacheco Pacifico.pdf: 7808266 bytes, checksum: 33d30fd5c5135498f6c15b7297057c6a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis is a result of an exhausted research about the importance of inserting social capital studies within the refugee issues, by joining the role of the cultural background they bring with them from the country of origin with the public policies adopted by the host place. Secondly, a theoretical investigation on social capital, a construct also used as a public policy tool, was prepared. Its importance is within the relationships produced between locals and foreigners, precisely between refugees and the local community, due to the irreversible migratory phenomena, especially due to the forced migration, as part of the new International Agenda. Thus, it is necessary to get ready the host community and the government to host them, as the integration among them could join efforts to weaken situational problems already rooted in the society, as lack of trust in the community and in the public institutions, which lead to the lack of civic participation, of cooperation and of support to host society and to refugees development. Ab initio, this work deals with the refugee s juridical definition, created by the beginning of the cold war, under political causes and aims, and based on that society, being necessary changes to adjust it to the new international system, which is characterized by human rights organizations strength. A posteriori, there is an evaluation on policies targeted on these people, in Brazil and in Canada, after characterizing these societies, qualified by the myths of tender society (the Brazilian one) and multiculturalism (the Canadian one), although, when dealing with refugees, these myths stay in theory, not reaching the practice, as wished. The originality of this research is the evaluation of the social capital produced by refugees in São Paulo and in Toronto, the role of some supporting networks and their integration as well as whether or not the refugees feel themselves as citizens and whether or not they are seen like that by the host society. At the end of the day, the importance of the cultural background the refugees bring from the country of origin and the influence of the public policy adopted within both cities were examined. Comparison, which is common in migration studies, and transdisciplinarity were the approaches chosen, as there is no single science which is able to solve the refugee dilemma / Esta tese resulta de um exaustivo trabalho de pesquisa acerca da importância da inserção do estudo do capital social na temática dos refugiados, aglutinando o papel da bagagem cultural trazida por estes indivíduos do país de origem com as políticas públicas adotadas lo local de acolhimento. Em seguida, há uma investigação teórica do capital social, constructo utilizado, também, como ferramenta de políticas públicas. Sua importância reside nas relações que se formam entre locais e estrangeiros, mais precisamente entre refugiados e comunidade local, devido à irreversibilidade do fenômeno migratório, especialmente das migrações forçadas, que atualmente é parte da Agenda Internacional. Assim, há necessidade de melhor preparar a comunidade e o governo acolhedores para recebê-los, pois a integração entre os três poderá unir forças que enfraquecerão problemas conjunturais já enraizados no cerne da sociedade, como a falta de confiança na própria comunidade e nas instituições públicas, que culminam na ausência de participação cívica, de cooperação e de apoio ao desenvolvimento da sociedade acolhedora e dos próprios refugiados. Ab initio, trabalha-se o eixo refugiados, definido, juridicamente, no início da guerra fria, com causas e fins políticos, e baseado na sociedade então vigente. Assim é que urge adequá-lo ao novo sistema internacional. A posteriori, a pesquisa avalia as políticas direcionadas para estes indivíduos, no Brasil e no Canadá, não sem antes caracterizar estas sociedades, qualificadas a partir dos mitos de sociedade cordial (a brasileira) e de multiculturalismo (a canadense), mostrando que, em se tratando de refugiados, estes mitos se evaporam na teoria, não alcançando a prática, como desejado. A originalidade desta pesquisa consiste em avaliar o capital social dos refugiados em São Paulo e em Toronto, o papel das redes de apoio aos mesmos, a integração deles nestas cidades, o sentir-se e ser visto como cidadão no novo lar e, enfim, a importância da bagagem cultural que eles trazem do país de origem e a influência das políticas públicas adotadas para eles nestas duas cidades. A comparação, comum em estudos migratórios, e a transdisciplinaridade são as abordagens utilizadas, pois não há ciência, singularmente, que solucione a problemática dos refugiados

Thesis (M.Ed. (Language Education)) --University of Limpopo, 2011. / This study investigated the effect of cultural background on comprehension of English texts by second language learners. The study specifically aimed at determining whether cultural background had any effect on comprehension of English texts by second language learners and whether the second language learners’ cultural background could help them comprehend unfamiliar texts. The background of the study in this mini dissertation was followed by the discussion on the literature available on this topic. This study followed a case study design which utilized 89 respondents from the Further Education and Training band of a rural secondary school in the north of Limpopo province. Data was obtained through the completion of questionnaires and answering of questions from a comprehension test based on English culture. The findings showed that there was no total comprehension of the text by learners who use English as a second language. Learners of English as a second language need to possess specific cultural schemata to comprehend texts that are unfamiliar to them. This study was informed by the schema theory. There is a significant effect of cultural background on the comprehension of English text by second language learners. KEY WORDS: Schema theory. Culture Comprehension. Cultural background

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Sammanfattning Tidigare studier tyder på positiva reaktioner hos olika typer av sociala integrationsprojekt med sociokulturella och sportliga teman, både nationellt och internationellt (Lindencrona, Ekblad & Blight, 2005). Denna uppsats är en kvalitativ studie som bygger på fem intervjuer med sex olika fotbollsintresserade ungdomar som har deltagit i nattfotboll, som det kallas i Sverige. Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka nattfotbollens betydelse för integration och gemenskap hos ungdomar i det svenska samhället. Eftersom undersökningen fokuserar på studiedeltagares upplevelser har analysens begrepp och teorier valts utifrån respondenternas berättelser. Studien försöker ge svar på frågor om nattfotbollsprocessen kan utvecklas, och i så fall hur, i syfte att den ska bli mer attraktiv för en större grupp av individer över en längre tid. Dessutom försöker uppsatsen visa nattfotbollens betydelse för ungdomar med olika kulturell bakgrund i Sverige, samt hur sambandet mellan nattfotbollen och den sociala integrationen ser ut.   Studiedeltagarnas upplevelser av nattfotbollen visar behovet av olika sociala interventioner inriktade på ungdomar och eventuellt deras närstående. Dessa åtgärder, som genom olika idrottsaktiviteter kan underlätta integrationsprocessen hos en större grupp av individer med olika kulturell bakgrund, stämmer även med tidigare forskning. Undersökningsresultat belyser också nattfotbollen som en attraktiv och bekväm miljö, vilken uppfattas att ha avgörande inflytande på integration och gemenskap hos ungdomar i Sverige. Dessutom framgår av resultatet att nattfotbollen erbjuder reella möjligheter för ungdomar till att bygga nätverk och skapa kamratskap utanför hemmiljön. Detta kan i viss mån motverka segregation och utanförskap på grund av kulturella eller socioekonomiska kriterier, något som ligger i linje med andra relevanta studier om social integration och gemenskap. / Abstract Previous studies suggest positive reactions in various types of social integration projects with socio-cultural and sporting themes, both nationally and internationally (Lindencrona, Ekblad & Blight, 2005). This essay is a qualitative study based on five interviews with six different football-interested youth who have participated in night football, as it is called in Sweden. The purpose of this work is to investigate the importance of night football for integration and community among young people in Swedish society. As the study focuses on participants' experiences, the analysis uses concepts and theories that can better match the respondents' stories. The study aims to answer questions about whether the night football process can be developed, and if so how, in order to make it more attractive to a larger group of individuals over a longer period of time. In addition, the study tries to show the importance of night football for young people with different cultural backgrounds in Sweden, as well as how the correlation between night football and social integration looks like.           Study participants' experiences of night football show the need of diverse social interventions aimed at youth and possibly their relatives. These measures, which through various sports activities can facilitate the integration process of a larger group of individuals with different cultural backgrounds, are also consistent with previous research. Survey results also highlight night football as an attractive and comfortable environment, which is perceived to have a significant influence on integration and community among young people in Sweden. In addition, the results show that night football offers real opportunities for young people to build networks and create friendships outside home environment. This can to some extent counteract segregation and exclusion due to cultural or socio-economic criteria, which is in line with other relevant studies on social inclusion and community.

This dissertation is dedicated to the Ukraine writter Oksana Zabuzhko. At the beginning I'm describing literary-historical and biografical circumstances which led to the birth of her creation. Then I'm focusing on the charasteristic of her prosaic work and her style of writing including the very detailed analysis of her collections of stories named " Sister, sister". This dissertation is as well describing the position of female literature in the present Ukraine literacy process and Oksana Zabuzhko 's part in its development. Second part of my dissertation is focused on the analysis of the translated story called "Girls", from the collection of stories "Sister, sister". Evalution criterions are in this case the questions of equivalence - adequacy of the translation, translation of (un)translatable lexical units in Czech, the problems with translations of facts, translation of foreign languages' parts in original text and reproduction Olga Zabuzkova's style in all levels - syntactic, lexical and expressive as well. Minor mistakes in the translation to the Czech version were revealed during the research, but overall the translation is rated as a very successful one. The translator succeed in transfering of artistic values and pragmatic effect of the original work into Czech language.