Natūralus gamtinis kraštovaizdis dažnai yra naikinamas, keičiamas, arba sukuriamas naujas kultūrinis kraštovaizdis. Esant tokiai situacijai, būtina išsaugoti teritorijas, turinčias ekologinę, socialinę bei kultūrinę reikšmę. Įvertinta Šiaulių apskrityje esančių kraštovaizdžio vertybių naudojimo ir apsaugos sistema bei jų tvarkymo organizavimas. Analizės rezultatai parodė, kad problematiškiausios yra kultūros paveldo ir gamtos vertybių teritorijos. Vykstant žemės grąžinimo procesams, savavališkų statybų invazijai, dėl žmonių žemo ekologinės savimonės lygio, šios teritorijos gali prarasti vertybinį funkcionavimo pagrindą, skatinti didesnę ar mažesnę natūralaus kraštovaizdžio biodegradaciją. Norint apsaugoti kraštovaizdžio vertybių kultūrinę vertę, sustabdyti gamtinio kraštovaizdžio nykimą gamtinio karkaso bei saugomose teritorijose, atliekamas Šiaulių apskrities generalinio plano koncepcijos strateginių pasekmių vertinimas; rengiami saugomų teritorijų planavimo dokumentai; kompleksiškai organizuojama saugomų teritorijų priežiūra; vykdomi NATURA 2000 saugomų teritorijų tinklo gamtotvarkiniai projektai. / Natural landscape very often is being destroyed, replaced or created as a new cultural landscape. In such a situation it is very important to preserve areas, which has got it’s own ecological, social and cultural significance. The main purpose of this work is to estimate the valuable landscape’s, located in Šiauliai district, usage, protection system and how it’s regulation is being organized. As results of the analysis show, the biggest problems meet cultural heritage and valuable natural areas. While land rehabilitation is being in progress, illegal building is being held, because of people misbehavior, these areas may loose they own natural values, bigger or smaller natural landscape destruction may began. Trying to protect natural landscape’s cultural values, stop its disappearance and destruction in natural frame and conservation areas, general (long term) plan concept ional strategies consequences in Šiauliai district estimation is being held, conservation areas planning documents being created, conservation areas completed supervision being organized, NATURA 2000 conservation area’s network landscape management projects being arranged.

Darbo objektas – turistų pasitenkinimas. Darbo tikslas – įvertinti turistų pasitenkinimą Kauno m. senamiesčio kultūros paveldo objektais. Darbo tikslui pasiekti suformuluoti tokie uždaviniai: 1) pateikti turistų pasitenkinimo kultūros paveldo objektais teorinį pagrindimą; 2) įvertinti turistų srautus Kauno mieste; 3) apžvelgti pagrindinius Kauno m. senamiesčio kultūros paveldo objektus; 4) atlikti turistų pasitenkinimo Kauno m. senamiestyje esančiais kultūros paveldo objektais analizę. Tyrimo rezultatai. Atlikus turistų pasitenkinimo Kauno m. senamiestyje esančiais kultūros paveldo objektais analizę nustatyta, kad kultūros paveldo objektai, kuriuos vidutiniškai aplankė 86 proc. visų tyrime dalyvavusių respondentų – pagrindinė senamiesčio gatvė, Kauno rotušė ir Kauno pilis. Pasak didžiosios respondentų dalies, Kauno miesto senamiestis - graži, jauki, saugi, tvarkinga, švari, unikali miesto vieta, kurioje objektai tarpusavyje dera. Vertinant respondentų pasitenkinimą atskirais Kauno senamiesčio kultūros paveldo objektais pastebėta, jog tyrime dalyvavę turistai labiausiai patenkinti bendra senamiesčio atmosfera, rotuše, senamiesčio architektūra, Kauno pilimi. Trečdalis respondentų, apsilankiusių Kauno miesto senamiestyje pastebėjo keletą trūkumų: šioje miesto dalyje per mažai turistams įdomių šios rūšies objektų, dalis kultūros paveldo objektų yra neapšviesti, sunkiai randami. Tyrimo išvados. Nepaisant respondentų įvardintų kelių Kauno miesto senamiesčio, kaip kultūros paveldo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Object of thesis – tourists’ satisfaction. Purpose of thesis – evaluate tourists’ satisfaction with Kaunas old town cultural heritage objects. To reach purpose of thesis there were formulated next tasks: 1) to present theoretical substantiation of tourists’ satisfaction with cultural heritage objects; 2) to evaluate stream of tourists in Kaunas city; 3) to examine main cultural heritage objects in Kaunas old town; 4) to accomplish analysis of tourists’ satisfaction with cultural heritage objects in Kaunas old town. Results of research. After accomplishing tourists’ satisfaction with Kaunas old town cultural heritage analysis, was established, that 86% of respondents, who completed the inquest, were visiting these cultural heritage objects – main Kaunas old town street (Vilniaus str.), town hall and Kaunas castle. According to the respondents answers, Kaunas old town – beautiful, cozy, secure, tidy, clean, unique part of the city, where different objects haggle with each other. While analyzing tourists’ satisfaction with different cultural heritage objects in Kaunas old town, can be seen, that respondents, who participated in inquest, highly satisfied with the atmosphere of an old town, town hall, architecture of an old town, Kaunas castle. One third of respondents, who visited Kaunas old town, had noticed few disadvantages: in this part of town there are not enough of cultural heritage objects, cultural heritage objects are unlit, and also it is hard to find them. Leaning... [to full text]

Рассмотрено влияние продуктивности земли в зависимости от использования объекта культурного наследия, при соблюдении ФЗ-73 и охранных обязательств. Проведенные расчеты позволили провести сравнение остаточной стоимости с кадастровой и отметить методологические недостатки в методике оценки кадастровой стоимости земли с позиций экономики городского землепользования. А также в рамка работы предложена модель управления ОКН, включающей проведения аудита с использованием due diligence, и разработку мастер-планов. / The influence of the productivity of the land depending on the use of the object of cultural heritage, in compliance with ФЗ-73 and security obligations, is considered. The calculations made it possible to compare the residual value with the cadastral value and to note methodological shortcomings in the methodology for assessing the cadastral value of land from the standpoint of urban land economics. And also a model of management of cultural heritage objects is proposed, including conducting an audit using due diligence, and creating master plans.

The development of graffiti into an accepted art form, street art, is a cause of concern for South African property owners. The current position in South African property law regarding the original acquisition of ownership suggests that the creation of street art on movable property belonging to another could result in the transfer of ownership. Ownership of the movable may transfer via accessio to the street artist provided that the artwork changes the nature of the movable. This would occur even if the street artist does not act in good faith because bona fides is not a requirement for the original acquisition of ownership via accessio. This anomaly requires that the South African law on accession in the case of pictura be developed such that good faith be a requirement for the transfer of ownership in this format. With the development and growing popularity of the art form the likelihood of this legal anomaly is becoming a greater possibility. Indeed, the popularity of British street artist, Banksy, has provided numerous examples of contested ownership, albeit within English law. Banksy artworks are collectable and financially valuable. Consequently, not only are they desirable but many of his street artworks are considered to be examples of British cultural heritage and as such may be worthy of protection and preservation. These cases highlight the growing need in South Africa to clearly identify who South African street artworks belong to and, to identify any South African street art that warrants cultural heritage protection. The legislation regarding the protection of South African cultural heritage resources has not yet been extended to any street artworks. Yet there are examples of street art in South Africa that meet the requirements for cultural heritage status or which have the characteristics of cultural heritage resources. The extension of cultural heritage resource status to South African street artworks that are culturally significant could assist in the protection and preservation of these resources. However, the effectiveness of the cultural heritage legislation, in particular the National Heritage Resources Act 25 of 1999, is limited. There are several problematic aspects in this Act. This is of great concern as the issues effect all South Africa’s cultural heritage resources (not just street art which may qualify for such status). However, these issues could be responded to through amendments to the legislation. Significantly, the National Heritage Resources Act seeks to deprive private owners of their property as it seeks to regulate what owners can do with cultural heritage property which they own. However, as it stands there are far too many challengeable issues in this legislation to justifiably deprive this property in terms of s25 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. This renders significant portions of the National Heritage Resources Act inoperable. Consequently, the amendment of this legislation is necessary to ensure the purpose of the legislation i.e. to ensure the protection and preservation of the South Africa’s cultural heritage resources through the deprivation of property rights or indeed, if necessary, through the expropriation of property. / College of Law / LL. D.