O presente trabalho propôs-se a estudar o fenômeno de fosqueamento em filmes de tinta em pó feitos a partir de resinas poliésteres sólidas pelo sistema conhecido como Triglicidilisocianutato (TGIC). Este fenômeno é indesejado e ocorre na ocasião de mistura de lotes de tintas produzidos independentemente com resinas poliésteres sólidas que compartilham as mesmas fórmulas, especificações e processo industrial. Amostras de uma tríade de resinas poliéster, que apresenta uma particular relação de fosqueamento, foram estudadas por termogravimetria/ termogravimetria derivada (TG/DTG), calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), espectroscopia de ressonância magnética nuclear de Hidrogênio (1H-RMN), cromatografia de permeação em gel (GPC), análise térmica diferencial (DTA) e espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR). A partir da análise minuciosa dos resultados obtidos em cada técnica escolhida, não se notou diferenças significativas que pudessem vir a justificar o fosqueamento indesejado para os lotes estudados. Estas avaliações nos permitiram concluir que o fenômeno não ocorre por contaminação industrial dos materiais e que alguma relação latente de fosqueamento por blenda seca deve ainda ser revelada por estudo subsequente. / The present work endeavored to study the matting phenomenon of powder coatings films made of solid polyester resins through a system known as Triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC). This phenomenon is an undesired result and occurs when at the time of blending paint batches produced independently with polyester resins that share the same formula, specifications e industrial process. Samples of a polyester resin triad, that shared a particular matting relation, were studied by thermogravimetry/ thermogravimetry derivative (TG/DTG), differential scanning calorimetry nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), gel permeation chromatog r(aDpShCy), proton (GPC), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Through in-depth analyses of all results obtained from each chosen method, no accountable differences, that could justify the undesired matting phenomenon, were noticed. These evaluations paved us the way to conclude that the studied phenomenon was not occurring due to industrial contamination, and that some latent dry blend matting relation is still to be revealed by an ensuing study.

Este trabalho avaliou a influência da densidade de energia da pré-cura, e de diferentes tratamentos pós-cura na otimização das propriedades físicas (Resistência à Flexão e Dureza Knoop) de resinas compostas diretas, visando a possibilidade de indicação para restauraçoes indiretas. Foram usadas as resinas diretas Fillmagic, Concept, Glacier, Z100, Masterfill e W3D Master e as indiretas Solidex e Belleglass HP como controle. Para cada resina direta foram confeccionados 60 espécimes em barra (10x2x2mm), 30 irradiados em uma face e 30 nas duas faces (30 espécimes = 10 controle, 10 autoclave e 10 forno de luz). Para as resinas indiretas foram preparados 10 espécimes conforme processamento de seus fabricantes. 380 espécimes foram submetidos ao ensaio de resistência à flexão (Kratos). De cada condição experimental, 10 fragmentos foram usados para ensaio de microdureza Knoop (Shimadzu HMV-2). A análise de variância e o teste de Tukey demonstraram significância para resistência à flexão nos fatores Resina (p<0,001) e Tratamento (p=0,001) e na interação Resina x Tratamento (p=0,001). Para a microdureza Knoop os três fatores e as interações foram significantes: Resina (p=0,001); Face (p=0,001) Tratamento (p=0,017); Resina x Face (p=0,001); Resina x Tratamento (p=0,007); Face x Tratamento (p=0,001) e Resina x Face x Tratamento (p=0,024). A maior média de cada resina direta, independente da condição experimental, foi comparada às médias das resinas indiretas. Os resultados apontam que na resistência à flexão (Z100 = W3D = Fillmagic = Glacier) e (Z100 > Masterfill > Belleglass HP > Concept > Solidex). Na Dureza Knoop (Z100 > Belleglass HP, Fillmagic, W3D, Concept, Glacier, Masterfill e Solidex). Conclusão: as propriedades físicas (resistência à flexão e dureza Knoop) não são obstáculos na indicação de resinas compostas de uso direto para restaurações indiretas / This study evaluated the influence of pre-cure energy density, and additional post-cure treatments in optimizing the physical properties (Flexural strength and Knoop microhardness) of direct resin composites with the aim at allowing their use for indirect restorations. Direct resin composites evaluated were Fillmagic, Concept, Glacier, Z100, Masterfill and W3D Master; indirect composites were Solidex and Belleglass HP. Sixty bar-shaped specimens (10x2x2mm) were prepared for each material, so that 30 of them were light-cured by one surface and 30 on both surfaces. From the 30 specimens of each group, 10 were control, 10 were submitted to additional autoclave and 10 to light oven treatment. Ten specimens were prepared with each indirect composite following the manufactures’ recommendations. The 380 specimens were submitted to flexural strength test (Kratos universal testing machine), and values obtained at fracture were reported. After that, 10 fragments were chosen for each experimental condition and assessed for Knoop microhardness (Shimadzu HMV-2). Data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey’s test at p<0.05. Statistically significant differences were found among flexural strength results regarding composite materials (p<0.001), treatments (p<0.001) and interactions (composite x treatment, p<0.001). Regarding Knoop microhardness, both three factors and their interactions were also significant: composite (p<0.001), surface (p<0.001) and treatment (p<0.017), composite x surface (p<0.001), composite treatment (p<0.001), surface x treatment (p<0.001) and composite x surface x treatment (p<0.024). The highest mean value for each direct composite, regardless of the experimental condition, was compared to the mean values obtained for the indirect materials. With regard to flexural strength, comparisons point out that Z100 = W3D = Fillmagic = Glacier and Z100 > Masterfill > Belleglass HP > Concept > Solidex, whereas for Knoop microhardness Z100 > Belleglass HP, Fillmagic, W3D, Concept, Glacier, Masterfill and Solidex. Conclusion: considering the physical properties evaluated in this study, they are not an obstacle to the indication of direct composites for indirect restorations

Submitted by Rosina Valeria Lanzellotti Mattiussi Teixeira (rosina.teixeira@unisantos.br) on 2017-03-20T19:58:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thais Laudares Soares Maia.pdf: 2383778 bytes, checksum: 63872173da6a935884954d9df67bf090 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-20T19:58:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thais Laudares Soares Maia.pdf: 2383778 bytes, checksum: 63872173da6a935884954d9df67bf090 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Cancer is a serious public health problem. The World Health Organization (WHO) considers in 27 million new cases of cancer by the year 2030 in the whole world. In Brazil, the frequent diagnose of cancer in advanced phase results in a delay of treatment and invalidate possibilities of cure. Nowadays, the Unique Health System (UHS) advocates to the patients with cancer, without possibilities of cure, the approach in palliative cares that is still recent, limited and little consolidated in health services. The study had as objective to analyse the strategies of confrontation and meanings of cancer without possibility of cure in users of outpatient oncology service from UHS. It was done a qualitative study with semi-structured interviews with 11 participants of both sexes, age from 18 years old and diagnosed with cancer without possibilities of cure. The results were analysed in the following reaction categories: 1) sadness and hope; 2) process of sickness; 3) ¿I don¿t want these words¿; 4) non-clinical context; 5) God¿s will; 6) family comfort; 7) sickness and losses; 8) organic and existential pain; 9) psychosocial aspects of sickness; and 10) eminence of death in health services. One identified the need of reflecting about the relational aspects and cares that envolve the patients without possibilities of cure, considering the advance of medicine and of technology and on the other hand, the need to rescue the human relation aspects between health professionals and patients. / O câncer é um grave problema de saúde pública. A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) estima em 27 milhões de novos casos de câncer para o ano de 2030 em todo o mundo. No Brasil, o frequente diagnóstico de câncer em fase avançada resulta no atraso do tratamento e inviabiliza as possibilidades de cura. Atualmente, o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) preconiza aos pacientes com câncer, sem possibilidades de cura, a abordagem em cuidados paliativos, que ainda é recente, restrita e pouco consolidada nos serviços de saúde. O estudo teve como objetivo analisar as estratégias de enfrentamento e significados do câncer sem possibilidade de cura em usuários de um serviço ambulatorial de oncologia do SUS. Foi realizado estudo qualitativo com entrevistas semiestruturadas com 11 participantes de ambos os sexos, idade a partir de 18 anos e diagnosticados com câncer sem possibilidades de cura. Os resultados foram analisados nas seguintes categorias empíricas: 1) Tristeza e esperança; 2) processo de adoecimento; 3) ¿eu não quero essas palavras¿; 4) contexto não clínico; 5) vontade divina; 6) o conforto da família; 7) adoecimento e perdas; 8) dor orgânica e existencial; 9) aspectos psicossociais do adoecimento; e 10) a eminência da morte nos serviços de saúde. Identificou-se a necessidade de refletir sobre os aspectos relacionais e de cuidados que envolvem os pacientes sem possibilidades de cura, considerando o avanço da medicina e da tecnologia e, por outro lado, o necessário resgate aos aspectos humanísticos da relação entre profissionais de saúde e os pacientes.

The research programme studied the cure reaction of a phenolic novolak resin and the effects of various additives and fillers on the reaction. The programme utilised the recently developed thermal analysis technique of temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC) performed in conjunction with other available thermal analysis techniques. TMDSC enables the signal for the heat of reaction to be separated from the underlying specific heat change in the resin. This meant that the reaction could be studied without interference from any physical changes in the resin. The manufacture of composite brake materials required the use of numerous additives and fillers to produce the desired properties. The influence of such additives on the cure rate and final properties of the resin was known to occur but had not previously been measured due to the difficulties presented by the presence of opaque additives. Some additives also underwent thermally induced physical changes in the temperature range of the cure. The final properties and the processing of new brake materials undergoing development often required trial and error adjustments to compensate for changes in cure rate. An understanding of the influence of additives would enable more rapid commercial development of brake materials through an improvement in the ability to predict both the properties of the product and the optimal processing parameters. Processing efficiency could also be improved through detailed knowledge of the kinetics. Moulding cycle times and post-baking times and temperatures were longer than necessary in order to ensure adequate cure at the end of each stage because of the lack of kinetic data. The cure of phenolic resin has been shown to be highly complicated with numerous alternate and competing reactions. For the manufacture of composite materials, knowledge of the kinetic parameters of individual reactions is not considered to be important; rather the overall kinetic parameters are required for prediction. Therefore the kinetic model parameters that best described the observed behaviour were chosen even though the model had no basis in the molecular interaction theory of reaction. Rather it served as a convenient tool for predictions. Characterisation of the resin proved to be difficult due to the presence of overlapping peaks, and volatile reaction products. TMDSC was successfully used to determine the reaction kinetics of the pure resin and the influence of certain additives on the reaction kinetics. The determination of the kinetic parameters using TMDSC agreed well with the traditional Differential Scanning Calorimetry isothermal and non-isothermal techniques. Both the Perkin-Elmer and TA Instruments were utilised for the research and were found to provide reasonably good agreement with each other. The capabilities and limitations of the individual instruments were critically examined, frequently beyond the manufacturers' specifications. TMDSC suffers from a limitation in the heating rate of the sample compared to DSC. However, it was observed that valuable information could still be obtained from TMDSC despite using heating rates that were higher than specified by manufacturers. Hot Stage Microscopy and thermogravimetry were additional experimental techniques used to aid in the characterisation of the resin. Some inhomogeneity of the resin was identified as well as differences in the behaviour of the cure between open (constant pressure) and closed (constant volume) environments were observed. A novel method of determining the orders of the cure reactions and their kinetic parameters was utilised. Reaction models for the overall cure reactions were postulated and tested by fitment to sections of experimental data in temperature regions which appeared to be free of interference from overlapping peaks. Once an individual peak was reasonably well modelled, adjacent overlapping peaks were able to be modelled both individually and in combinations by fitment to experimental data. The Solver function in Microsoft Excel was utilised to find the best fitting model parameters for the experimental data. The model parameters were able to be refined as overlapping peaks were progressively incorporated into the calculations. This method produced results that agreed well with the traditional method of analysing reaction peak temperatures at multiple scanning rates. Model fitment was shown to be of benefit where overlapping reactions occur. Various model scenarios could be tested and optimised to particular sections of experimental data. This enabled the researcher to easily identify areas of possible anomalies and postulate alternative scenarios. The accuracy of the postulated model was able to be determined by its successful fitment to experimental data from experiments run under different conditions.

A la fin du 19ème siècle, la gestion collective de la vieillesse était essentiellement une forme particulière d'encadrement de l'indigence. La généralisation des systèmes de retraite a ensuite permis la constitution d'un « troisième âge », consacrant une sorte de renaissance après la vie active. Mais certaines personnes âgées voient leurs facultés physiques et mentales, et donc leur autonomie au quotidien se dégrader, entrant ainsi dans la « dépendance ». Ces crises biographiques ont pour effet de reposer la question de l'encadrement des vieux « inutiles au monde », mais dans les catégories de pensée issues du troisième âge, qui impliquent l'humanisation des pratiques d'accompagnement (« respect », « projet de vie », « individualisation des soins », « bientraitance », etc.). Dans les structures d'encadrement des personnes âgées dépendantes, cette évolution se manifeste par une tension entre, d'une part, l'enchantement qui conduit à percevoir l'activité d'accompagnement de la dépendance comme l'occasion de nouer des liens affectifs et/ou de satisfaire une « fibre » humaniste et, d'autre part, le « sale boulot » auprès des grabataires dont l'état rend problématique cet enchantement. Cette tension semble d'autant plus caractéristique de la gestion institutionnelle de la vieillesse qu'elle s'observe dans des univers aussi différents qu'une maison de retraite privée médicalisée et qu'une association (les petits frères des Pauvres) proposant aux personnes âgées isolées des vacances encadrées par des bénévoles. Si elle peut parfois habiter l'activité d'une même personne, cette tension s'organise principalement autour de groupes qui transgressent la frontière entre salariés (ou bénévoles) et personnes âgées dépendantes. Les personnes âgées se différencient en fonction de leur état physiologique. Interprétés et pris en main de façon différenciée selon l'appartenance sociale, les divers cas de figure observables se structurent selon l'opposition entre une attitude qui valorise le sacrifice de l'intimité en échange du maintien d'une sociabilité courtoise ; et une autre qui consiste à défendre par la force et les cris les frontières de l'espace intime, fut-ce au prix d'un effondrement des chances de maintenir des relations « sympathiques » avec le personnel. Et les personnes âgées qui acceptent de voir une intrusion dans leur intimité tendent à maintenir une certaine distance avec les autres. De son côté, le personnel d'encadrement se différencie selon que le travail consiste ou non en un gardiennage des corps, entendu comme simple entretien des fonctions vitales de l'individu. Ce penchant est en partie déterminé par le niveau de qualification et la position institutionnelle (qui oriente vers les vieillards d'un type plutôt que de l'autre). Ces facteurs laissent pourtant une marge de manœuvre : alors que la dépendance a tout d'une situation désespérée, certains individus se comportent en réparateurs, considérant qu'« il y a toujours quelque chose à faire ». En définitive, il apparaît que la conviction dans une possible réparation – dans un contexte d'accompagnement de crises biographiques pourtant irréversibles – peut être autre chose qu'une simple vision enchantée si elle prend appui sur l'atténuation de la division des tâches entre prescripteurs et exécutants ainsi que sur le rassemblement d'individus prédisposés à recevoir des « primes de désintéressement » (que ce soit par philosophie religieuse ou par plaisir pris aux échanges affectifs) et suffisamment ajustés entre eux pour produire une définition consensuelle de l'intérêt des personnes âgées.

Des silicates de calcium hydratés (C-S-H) forment le liant des matériaux cimentaires et sont responsables de sa cohésion. Mais la structure du C-S-H est encore mal décrite. Nous proposons une description de la porosité basée sur une caractérisation par la relaxation RMN des protons contenus dans les pâtes de C3S. Des courbes de relaxation longitudinale sont extraites des distributions de cinq temps de relaxation (T1). La spectroscopie RMN puis la relaxométrie permettent l'interprétation de ces T1 : le dernier correspond à la portlandite, chacun des quatre premiers correspond à une taille de pore, allant de l'interfeuillet à la plus grande dimension de l'empilement. Dans chacun de ces cas, la relaxation est due à l'association de deux mécanismes impliquant des interactions avec des impuretés paramagnétiques à la surface des C-S-H, ces surfaces comportant des groupements SiOH, CaOH et HOH. La texturation d'une pâte comporte trois étapes. Après une période de latence, l'hydratation s'accélère. La formation des C-S-H implique le développement de la surface associée : ce phénomène est lié à la décroissance progressive de la valeur du T1. Ensuite se dissocient quatre grandes familles de porosité dont trois sont extra-lamellaires. Alors que la réaction d'hydratation est terminée, ces trois familles évoluent vers la formation d'une distribution en loi de puissance. La modification des paramètres de cure influence essentiellement les proportions des deux plus grandes échelles de porosité. La perte de l'organisation en loi d'échelle ou du moins la diminution de son coefficient sont associées à une diminution des modules d'élasticité. C'est le cas lorsque le rapport e/c est supérieur à 0,4 ou quand la température de cure dépasse 50°C. L'ajout de fumée de silice ou l'augmentation de la température de cure, entre 20 et 50°C, accélère la cinétique de texturation. La présence de fumée de silice fait également apparaître une famille de pores supplémentaire aux échelles supérieures.

<p>På SSAB i Borlänge har man upptäckt att avgaser från färgen förorenar ugnarna vid härdning. Avgaserna består av lösningsmedel och andra flyktiga föreningar som sedan förkolnas och faller ner på lackerade plåtband. För att komma runt det här problemet har SSAB tillsammans med Akzo Nobel Industrial Finishes AB, i Gamleby, tillverkat en färg som inte ska ge ifrån sig något lösningsmedel och på så sätt minska bildandet av föroreningar i ugnarna. Färgen heter NOVA GreenCoat och innehåller rapsmetylester, RME, som är ett reaktivt lösningsmedel och ska binda till bindemedlet i färgen och på så sätt hindras från att avgå vid härdning.</p><p>Syftet har varit att undersöka om en viss metod fungerar bra för att samla upp avgaser vid härdning. Avgaserna analyserades med GC-MS och härdningen studerades med FTIR. Arbetet har utförts både i Borlänge och i Gamleby.</p><p>Metoden för uppsamling av avgaserna visade sig fungera, dock inte särskilt effektivt. Den skulle därför behöva optimeras.</p><p>Härdningen kunde till viss del följas med hjälp av FTIR. Förändring i IR-spektrumet syntes för hydroxyltoppen vid cirka 3500 cm^-1. En skillnad kunde ses för en topp vid 2858 cm^-1 som uppkom i det ohärdade materialet innehållande RME, men den försvann under härdning. Toppen ökade med ökad mängd RME och syntes inte alls för de prover som inte innehöll RME.</p><p>Samtliga gjorda analyser indikerade att RME avgick vid härdning. Vid analys med GC-MS kunde de föreningar som avgick från RME identifieras som: metyl-14-metyl pentadekanoat och/eller metyl hexadekanoat, olika former av metyl oktadekanoat samt olika former av metyl eikosanoat. Andra föreningar från klarlacken som avgick var lösningsmedel x och y samt i två av proverna hexametoximetylmelamin, HMMM.</p> / <p>Problems with exhaust gases from paint that contaminates the ovens have been discovered at SSAB in Borlänge.  The exhaust gases contain solvents and other volatiles that vaporize from the paint and later on carbonize and fall down on the next coming sheets. SSAB and Akzo Nobel Industrial Finishes AB have developed a paint that is not supposed to vaporize any solvents and therefore reduce the contaminations of the ovens. The paint is called NOVA GreenCoat and contains rapeseed methyl ester, RME. RME is a reactive solvent that is supposed to react with the binder in the paint and therefore be prevented from leaving during thermal cure.</p><p>The purpose was to investigate whether a specific method worked well, for collecting the exhaust gases during thermal cure, or not. The collected exhaust gases were analyzed by using GC-MS and the cure was studied with FTIR. The work was executed both in Borlänge and Gamleby.</p><p>The method for collecting the exhaust gases worked, unfortunately it wasn’t particularly effective. It therefore needs to be optimized.</p><p>The cure could partially be studied by using FTIR. Changes in the IR-spectrum could be followed by looking at the hydroxyl peak at approximately 3500 cm^-1. A certain difference was observed for a peak at 2858 cm^-1 that appeared in the uncured material containing RME. The peak disappeared during cure. It increased with increased amount of RME and could not be observed at all for the samples that did not contain RME.</p><p>All the analyzed samples indicated that RME vaporize during cure. When analyzed with GC-MS the volatiles that vaporize from RME were identified as: hexadecanoic acid methyl ester and/or penta decanoic acid methyl-14-methyl ester, different forms of octadecanoic acid methyl ester and different forms of eicosanoic acid methyl ester. Other volatiles that vaporize from NOVA GreenCoat were solvent x and solvent y and for two of the samples hexa metoxy methyl melamine, HMMM, was also found.</p>

På SSAB i Borlänge har man upptäckt att avgaser från färgen förorenar ugnarna vid härdning. Avgaserna består av lösningsmedel och andra flyktiga föreningar som sedan förkolnas och faller ner på lackerade plåtband. För att komma runt det här problemet har SSAB tillsammans med Akzo Nobel Industrial Finishes AB, i Gamleby, tillverkat en färg som inte ska ge ifrån sig något lösningsmedel och på så sätt minska bildandet av föroreningar i ugnarna. Färgen heter NOVA GreenCoat och innehåller rapsmetylester, RME, som är ett reaktivt lösningsmedel och ska binda till bindemedlet i färgen och på så sätt hindras från att avgå vid härdning. Syftet har varit att undersöka om en viss metod fungerar bra för att samla upp avgaser vid härdning. Avgaserna analyserades med GC-MS och härdningen studerades med FTIR. Arbetet har utförts både i Borlänge och i Gamleby. Metoden för uppsamling av avgaserna visade sig fungera, dock inte särskilt effektivt. Den skulle därför behöva optimeras. Härdningen kunde till viss del följas med hjälp av FTIR. Förändring i IR-spektrumet syntes för hydroxyltoppen vid cirka 3500 cm-1. En skillnad kunde ses för en topp vid 2858 cm-1 som uppkom i det ohärdade materialet innehållande RME, men den försvann under härdning. Toppen ökade med ökad mängd RME och syntes inte alls för de prover som inte innehöll RME. Samtliga gjorda analyser indikerade att RME avgick vid härdning. Vid analys med GC-MS kunde de föreningar som avgick från RME identifieras som: metyl-14-metyl pentadekanoat och/eller metyl hexadekanoat, olika former av metyl oktadekanoat samt olika former av metyl eikosanoat. Andra föreningar från klarlacken som avgick var lösningsmedel x och y samt i två av proverna hexametoximetylmelamin, HMMM. / Problems with exhaust gases from paint that contaminates the ovens have been discovered at SSAB in Borlänge.  The exhaust gases contain solvents and other volatiles that vaporize from the paint and later on carbonize and fall down on the next coming sheets. SSAB and Akzo Nobel Industrial Finishes AB have developed a paint that is not supposed to vaporize any solvents and therefore reduce the contaminations of the ovens. The paint is called NOVA GreenCoat and contains rapeseed methyl ester, RME. RME is a reactive solvent that is supposed to react with the binder in the paint and therefore be prevented from leaving during thermal cure. The purpose was to investigate whether a specific method worked well, for collecting the exhaust gases during thermal cure, or not. The collected exhaust gases were analyzed by using GC-MS and the cure was studied with FTIR. The work was executed both in Borlänge and Gamleby. The method for collecting the exhaust gases worked, unfortunately it wasn’t particularly effective. It therefore needs to be optimized. The cure could partially be studied by using FTIR. Changes in the IR-spectrum could be followed by looking at the hydroxyl peak at approximately 3500 cm-1. A certain difference was observed for a peak at 2858 cm-1 that appeared in the uncured material containing RME. The peak disappeared during cure. It increased with increased amount of RME and could not be observed at all for the samples that did not contain RME. All the analyzed samples indicated that RME vaporize during cure. When analyzed with GC-MS the volatiles that vaporize from RME were identified as: hexadecanoic acid methyl ester and/or penta decanoic acid methyl-14-methyl ester, different forms of octadecanoic acid methyl ester and different forms of eicosanoic acid methyl ester. Other volatiles that vaporize from NOVA GreenCoat were solvent x and solvent y and for two of the samples hexa metoxy methyl melamine, HMMM, was also found.

Parlare di morte è un tabù della nostra società. L'incremento quantitativo di pazienti terminali impone peraltro uno sforzo per il miglioramento della loro qualità di vita. Lo psicologo deve comprendere la domanda sociale su questi temi, per costruire un adeguato intervento clinico-formativo rivolto agli operatori sanitari. Obiettivi della ricerca sono di individuare: la rappresentazione di disponibilità di Cure Palliative (CP); gli atteggiamenti degli operatori sanitari e del pubblico circa le diverse opzioni di fine vita (End-Of-Life, EOL), verificando l'ipotesi che i sanitari e in particolare i palliativisti siano meno favorevoli all'eutanasia e più alle CP; i predittori delle opinioni; l'influenza delle difficoltà concettuali sulla stabilità delle opinioni; il rapporto tra le opinioni e la rappresentazione delle CP; le diverse percezioni dei bisogni del paziente terminale; il burnout dei palliativisti rispetto agli altri sanitari. 524 soggetti (265 sanitari, di cui 118 palliativisti; 259 non-sanitari) hanno compilato un questionario self-report, sviluppato ad-hoc. Ai 265 sanitari è stato inoltre somministrato il Maslach Burnout Inventory. I non-sanitari risultano più favorevoli all'eutanasia e meno alle CP rispetto ai sanitari. Analisi lineari indicano, fra i predittori dell'accordo all'eutanasia, religiosità e lavoro sanitario; le opinioni risultano peraltro instabili. Il campione presenta livelli di burnout significativamente inferiori alla media italiana; i palliativisti segnalano un burnout minore dei colleghi nella dimensione EE; il sostegno alla relazione costituisce elemento protettivo. L'incidenza di fattori non misurabili indica l'opportunità di approfondimenti qualitativo-idiografici. Lo studio suggerisce la necessità di una maggiore conoscenza delle tematiche EOL. Lo psicologo deve sostenere presso i caregiver un luogo simbolico per l'elaborazione dell'evento-morte. / In our society death is a taboo topic. The increase of dying patients calls for an improvement in their quality of life. Psychologists need to understand the social demand on these issues, in order to promote appropriate clinical and training interventions for health workers. In this research we looked at the representation of availability of Palliative Care (PC) as well as attitudes of health workers and the general public towards different End-Of-Life (EOL) options. We tested the hypothesis that health workers and especially palliative care workers disagree with euthanasia and agree with PC more than the public. We also investigated attitudes predictors; the influence of conceptual difficulties on attitudes stability; the relationship between attitudes on euthanasia and PC representation; different perceptions of dying patients' needs; palliative care and other health workers' burnout. 524 subjects (265 health workers: 118 involved in palliative cares and 147 in other health sectors; 259 from the general public) filled in a self-report questionnaire, created ad-hoc. The 265 health workers also filled in the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The public, compared to health workers, agreed more with euthanasia and less with PC. Linear analysis indicates that religious beliefs and health work are the only significant predictors of this agreement, even if attitudes are quite unstable. The burnout levels in our sample are significantly lower than Italian mean levels. Palliative care workers show lower levels in EE subscale than their colleagues; supporting relationships are a protective factor. The incidence of non-measurable factors suggests the opportunity of further qualitative studies. This research highlights the need for deeper knowledge of EOL issues. Psychologists should give to all professional carers the opportunity for reflective practice and symbolic work on the event of dying.

In this thesis, different optomechanical design and adhesive configurations for mounting mirrors and prisms used in a laser system are investigated. Maintaining stability and strength of optical components of a laser device is difficult especially if the system is to be used in military environment. In order to determine the strength of prism mounts to high acceleration levels, mathematical correlations derived by Yoder are used. By use of these mathematical correlations, safety factor of different prism mounts and adhesive configurations are calculated for an acceleration level of 40g. So as to decide most stable mirror mount and adhesive configuration, several experiments are conducted. For the experiments, 5 different optomechanical mounts are designed. Then, 25 mirrors are bonded to the designed mounts with 5 different adhesives. These experiments are done to simulate harsh military environmental conditions such as thermal shock, mechanical vibration and mechanical shock. In the experiments, angular movement of mirrors due to adhesive cure, thermal shock, mechanical vibration and mechanical shock are monitored. Thermal shock is applied between -40&ordm / C and 70&ordm / C with a temperature change of 22&ordm / C/min. On the v other hand, mechanical vibration of 14 grms and mechanical shock of 40g for 6 ms is applied in the experiments. Shortly, this study is done for determination of the most stable mirror and prism mount design and adhesive combination of a laser system subjected to extremely harsh environments.