O conhecimento da oferta pluviométrica e da variação da água no solo são fatores preponderantes para o manejo eficiente e o sucesso do sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária. O presente trabalho avaliou a produtividade e o desenvolvimento de plantas de sorgo AG-1018 e Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu consorciadas, sob períodos de estresse hídrico. O experimento foi conduzido sob delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com quatro tratamentos e três repetições. Os tratamentos referiram-se à interrupção da irrigação em períodos críticos para o desenvolvimento das culturas (T1 testemunha, irrigação durante todo o ciclo; T2 - interrupção a partir da germinação de B. brizantha; T3 interrupção no início do perfilhamento de B. brizantha e na iniciação da panícula do sorgo; e T4 interrupção no início do florescimento do sorgo). Em todos os tratamentos, a interrupção da irrigação foi mantida até que a umidade na camada de 0 a 60 cm do solo atingisse valores próximos do ponto de murcha permanente. As variáveis estudadas para ambas as espécies foram: altura da planta, produtividade de biomassa de parte aérea, índice de área foliar (IAF). Somente para a Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu,foi avaliado o número de perfilhos. Somente para o sorgo, foi avaliada a produção de grãos. As variáveis foram submetidas à análise estatística, realizando-se a análise de variância (teste F) e teste de Tukey para comparação de médias. Apesar de não haver diferença na biomassa de parte aérea do capim-marandu ao final do experimento, o estresse por déficit hídrico provocou atraso no perfilhamento e no desenvolvimento inicial das plantas. A restrição hídrica no período de iniciação da panícula ou do florescimento do sorgo cultivado em consórcio com capim-marandu determinou redução na produção de grãos da cultura. O plantio consorciado de sorgo e capim-marandu deve ser planejado de forma que a germinação do capim-marandu e a iniciação da panícula e o florescimento do sorgo não coincidam com períodos de restrição hídrica. / The acknowledgement of the pluviometric offer and the variation of water in the soil are preponderant factors for the efficient handling and the success of the croplivestock integration system Therefore, the present work has evaluated the productivity and development of sorghum plants AG-1018 and Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu associated, under periods of water stress. The trial was conducted under experimental design in random blocks with four different treatments and three repetitions. The treatments are referred to the interruption of irrigation in critical periods for the development of the cultures (T1 test, irrigation over the entire cycle; T2 interruption starting at B. brizantha germination; T3 - interruption starting at B. brizantha tillering and beginning of panicle formation of sorghum; and T4 interruption at the beginning of sorghum blooming). In all kinds of treatment, the irrigation interruption was kept until the humidity in the 0-2ft soil layer reached values around the permanent wilting point (PWP). The variables studied for both species were: plant height, shoot biomass productivity, leaf area index (LAI). Only for Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu the number tillers was assessed. As for sorghum plant, the grain production was evaluated. The variables were submitted to static analysis, with variance analysis (test F) and Tukey test for average comparisons. Although there is no difference in the biomass of shoots of B. brizantha cv. marandu the end of the experiment, the stress caused by water deficit in late tillering and early development of plants. The period of water restriction in the panicle initiation or flowering sorghum grown in consortium with B. brizantha cv. marandu determined reduction in grain yield of the crop. The planting of sorghum and intercropped B. brizantha cv. marandu must planned so that the germination of B. brizantha cv. marandu and initiation of panicle and flowering sorghum do not coincide with periods of water restriction.

To overcome the hurdles associated with space management and security controls in a housing system, research was projected to study and analyze the necessary factors of accomplishment. Over time, different processes were observed and reviewed to make this a possible deal. Various residents were interviewed on the daily constraints in parking and managing their vehicles within their housing premises. The reported daunting concern was majorly the gate access and personal hunts for the space to keep the individual resident’s cars. Every resident would always have to stop and hoot at the housing gate for the assigned personnel to check and open the gate. While this would waste every resident’s time, the visitors even face more delay often time. Hitherto, car access and parking constraint become a thing of worry that no one would want to engage the housing service anymore. The interest has got dwindled. And to re-awaken the high patronage of the housing system, a gap must be bridged with an immediate solution to space management with a gating system. These were subsequently given a classical thought, while a prototype solution was demonstrated and reviewed with the various residents of some selected housing. This received a high welcoming embracement and was beckoned to be made real by the logical heuristic. At this point, nothing was further considered than using the Internet of things (IoT) technology to implement Vehicular Access Management for the control and integration of intended space provisioning in any housings. Consequently, the number plate of every vehicle becomes the automatic access tag and would be used for security control within the housing location. Vehicles’ numbers would be captured and used to manage the residents passing through the automated gating system. With it, records would be made for all permitted residents and the visitors that own a car. Thus, a proper arrangement would be allotted accordingly, as provisioned by the gating system administrator. However, to allegories the above-proffered solution, this project work is divided into six sections. The introductory section introduces the project rationale, lists the objectives, explores related works, and introduces how IoT and vehicular systems can be merged. The second section delves into these vehicular systems. It introduces the Automatic License Plate Recognition System (ALRP) and the Raspberry Pi and highlights the merits of the Integrated Vehicular Access Security System. Open-CV and machine learning are also introduced. Section three covers the solution design, while section four is the implementation phase. Section five covers the testing and implementation of the solution. The final section summarizes the project. The project successfully models an automated solution for the security of tenants and vehicle users against unauthorized access to residential estates and buildings.

This thesis describes the design of the image processing for Android system, consisting of the choice of the development environment and its implementation. Workflow soluti-on to the problem involves development of the Androidapplication and it’s graphical user interface. The text includes description of the application functionality, communica-tionwith a camera, storing and retrieving data. It also describes used algo-rithms and image processing methods used for detecting values from the counter of the gas meter.

The aim of this work was to find a correlation between the electrical, optical and microstructural properties of thin SiO2 layers containing group IV nanostructures produced by ion beam synthesis. The investigations were focused on two main topics: The electrical properties of Ge- and Si-rich oxide layers were studied in order to check their suitability for non-volatile memory applications. Secondly, photo- and electroluminescence (PL and EL) results of Ge-, Si/C- and Sn-rich SiO2 layers were compared to electrical properties to get a better understanding of the luminescence mechanism.

Context : Air being the free source is used in different ways commercially. In earlier days windmills generate power, water, and electricity. The excessive establishment of windmills for commercial purposes affected avifauna. Most of the birds lost their lives due to collisions with windmills. Turbines used to generate power near airports are also one of the causes for the extinction of birdlife. According to a survey in 2011 in Canada a total of 23,300 bird deaths were caused by wind turbines and also it is estimated that the number of deaths would increase to 2,33,000 in the following 10-15 years. Objectives : The main objective of this thesis is to find a suitable software solution to detect the birds on a series of grayscale images in real-time and in minimum full HD resolution with at least a 15 FPS rate. User-Driven Design Methodology is used for developing, tools are Python and Open-CV. Methods : In this research, a system is designed to detect the bird in an HD Video. Possible methods that can be considered are convolutional neural networks (CNN), vision based detection with background subtraction, contour detection and confusion matrix classification. These methods detect birds in raw images and with help of a classifier make it possible to see the bird in desired pixels with full resolution. We will investigate a bird classification method consisting of two steps, background subtraction, and then object classification. Background subtraction is a fundamental method to extract moving objects from a fixed background. For classification, we will use the YOLO v3 model version for object classification. Results : The project is expected to result in a system design and prototype for the bird identification on a grayscale video stream in at least full HD resolution in a minimum of 15 FPS. The bird should be distinguished from other moving objects like wind turbine blades, trees, or clouds. The proposed solution should identify up to 5 birds simultaneously. Conclusion : After completing each step and arriving at the classification, the methods we have tried, such as Haar Cascades and mobile-net SSD, were not providing us with the desired results. So we opted to use YOLO v3, which had the best accuracy in classifying different objects. By using the YOLO v3 classifier, we have detected the bird with 95% accuracy, blades with 90% accuracy, clouds with 80% accuracy, trees with 70% accuracy. Moreover, we conclude that there is a need for further empirical validation of the models in full-scale industry trials.

Time setting in production operations is necessary to properly takt and balance the flow of assembly and logistics. Time setting activities is also crucial to achieve an optimised, healthy and ergonomic assembly and logistics operation. But time setting is seldom done on a detailed enough level before deployed on the shop floor which necessitates more work of the time setting to make it reflect the work carried out and fit it to the local production area. There is also a need to redo the time setting whenever a change to a process or product has occurred. Nowadays, the time setting is often performed using very manual methods with Predetermined Motion Time Systems (PMTS), sometimes with the aid of digital tools to replace pen and paper but work otherwise practically the same way it has since its inception in the first half of the 20th century. This is a process that require skill, experience and often much time, but is also monotonous and repetitive. To aid in the time setting process, and bring PMTS into Industry 5.0; a digitalised, smart tool is proposed where video can be used to feed a computer program to do the movement classification and time setting accurately and faster than current manual processes can achieve. However, the needs, challenges, and general function of such a system is not well researched in literature. This thesis thus delivers an analysis of current state for the time setting process at a large multinational truck manufacturer with production sites in Sweden and abroad, an overview of technologies for a digitalised, smart PMTS, and a conceptual framework for analysing production tasks using a digitalised, smart system. The framework is then partially implemented to showcase the usefulness of the system and how it would work in practice. / Korrekt tidssättning i produktion är nödvändigt för att takta, planera och balansera flödet i montering och logistik. Tidssättning är också avgörande för att uppnå en optimerad, hälsosam och ergonomisk monterings- och logistikverksamhet. Men tidssättningen görs sällan på en tillräckligt detaljerad nivå innan den används på verkstadsgolvet, vilket kräver mer arbete med tidssättningen för att den ska återspegla det utförda arbetet och anpassas till det lokala produktionsområdet. Det finns också ett behov av att göra om tidssättningen när en förändring av en process eller produkt har skett. Nuförtiden utförs tidssättningen ofta med väldigt manuella metoder med förutbestämda metod-rörelsesystem (PMTS), ibland med hjälp av digitala verktyg som ersätter penna och papper, men i övrigt fungerar det praktiskt taget på samma sätt som det har gjort sedan starten under första halvan av 1900-talet. Detta är en uppgift som kräver skicklighet, erfarenhet och ofta mycket tid, men som också är monoton och repetitiv. För att underlätta tidssättningsprocessen och ta förutbestämda metod-rörelsesystem in i Industri 5.0 föreslås nu ett digitaliserat, smart verktyg där video kan användas för att mata ett datorprogram som gör rörelseklassificeringen och tidssättningen mer exakt och snabbare än vad nuvarande manuella processer kan uppnå. De behov, utmaningar och den allmänna funktionen hos ett sådant system är dock inte väl undersökt i litteraturen utan kräver mer forskning. Detta examensarbete ger därför en analys av det nuvarande läget för tidssättningsprocessen hos en stor multinationell lastbilstillverkare med produktionsanläggningar i Sverige och utomlands, en översikt över tekniker för ett digitaliserat, smart PMTS och ett konceptuellt ramverk för analys av produktionsaktiviteter med hjälp av ett digitaliserat, smart system. Ramverket implementeras sedan delvis i en demonstrator för att visa hur ett sådant system kan se ut och fungera i praktiken.

Wann und warum entscheiden sich Menschen für unehrliches Verhalten? Durch das Verständnis von unehrlichem Verhalten sind politische Entscheidungsträger besser in der Lage, ein solches Verhalten zu verhindern und eine florierende Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft zu unterstützen. Das Studium der Unehrlichkeit hat in den letzten Jahren eine Blütezeit erlebt, angetrieben durch die Etablierung von Crowd-Sourced-Arbeitsplattformen, obwohl auch einige wichtige Feldarbeiten entstanden sind. Die empirischen Erkenntnisse aus diesen Studien haben die Entstehung neuer ökonomischer und psychologischer Modelle zur Erklärung unehrlichen Verhaltens unterstützt. Doch wie replizierbar und verallgemeinerbar sind die führenden experimentellen Ergebnisse? Und welche anderen kontextuellen Faktoren wie die Art und das Ausmaß der Belohnung und die Designentscheidungen des Experimentators können unehrliches Verhalten beeinflussen? Im Mittelpunkt dieser Arbeit stand der Versuch der Replikation einer in der akademischen Welt und in der populären Presse viel zitierten Arbeit. Frühere Replikationsversuche haben diese Arbeit umgangen, da es schwierig war, Zugang zu professionellen Teilnehmern zu bekommen. Die Arbeit, die wir zu wiederholen versuchten, ergab, dass nur Banker, deren berufliche Identität hervorgehoben wurde, sich unehrlich verhielten. Diese Arbeit basierte auf der Vorstellung, dass das Priming, also das Hervorheben eines Aspekts der Identität einer Person und der damit verbundenen Normen, das Verhalten beeinflussen würde. Da das Priming der professionellen Bankidentität Unehrlichkeit auslöste, wurde daraus geschlossen, dass dies ein Hinweis auf problematische Normen im Bankensektor ist. Es war jedoch unklar, ob dieses Ergebnis auch für andere Banken gilt, z. B. in der gleichen oder einer anderen Gerichtsbarkeit, in verschiedenen Segmenten (z. B. Commercial versus Investment Banking) und im Zeitverlauf. / When and why do people decide to behave dishonestly? By understanding dishonest behaviour, policy makers are better able to deter such behaviour and to support a thriving society and economy. The study of dishonesty has flourished in recent years, driven by the establishment of crowd-sourced labour platforms, though some important field work has also emerged. The empirical findings from these studies have supported the emergence of new economic and psychological models to explain dishonest behaviour. Yet, how replicable and generalisable are leading experimental findings? And what other contextual factors -- like the nature of reward, scale of reward, and design choices from the experimenter-- may drive dishonest behaviour? The central focus of this thesis was the attempted replication of a heavily cited paper in academia and the popular press. Previous replication efforts by-passed this work given the challenge of accessing professional participants. The paper which we attempted to replicate found that only bankers whose professional identity was made salient behaved dishonestly. This work was based on the notion that priming, or making salient one aspect of an individual’s identity and the associated norms, would affect behaviour. As priming professional banking identity prompted dishonesty, this was concluded to be indicative of problematic norms in the banking sector. Though it was unclear if this finding would hold with other banks, for example in the same or other jurisdictions, in different segments (e.g. commercial versus investment banking), and over time.

This thesis aims to evaluate different abstractive text summarization models and techniques for summarizing resumes. It has two main objectives: investigate the models’ performance on resume summarization and assess the suitability of the generated summaries as resume introductions. Although automatic abstractive text summarization has gained traction in various areas, its application in the resume domain has not yet been explored. Resumes present a unique challenge for abstractive summarization due to their diverse style, content, and length. To address these challenges, three state-of-the-art pre-trained text generation models: BART, T5, and ProphetNet, were selected. Additionally, two approaches that can handle longer resumes were investigated. The first approach, named LongBART, modified the BART architecture by incorporating the Longformer’s self-attention into the encoder. The second approach, named HybridBART, used an extractive-then-abstractive summarization strategy. The models were fine-tuned on a dataset of 653 resume-introduction pairs and were evaluated using automatic metrics as well as two types of human evaluations: a survey and expert interviews. None of the models demonstrated superiority across all criteria and evaluation metrics. However, the survey responses indicated that LongBART showed promising results, receiving the highest scores in three out of five criteria. On the other hand, ProphetNet consistently received the lowest scores across all criteria in the survey, and across all automatic metrics. Expert interviews emphasized that the generated summaries cannot be considered correct summaries due to the presence of hallucinated personal attributes. However, there is potential for using the generated texts as resume introductions, given that measures are taken to ensure the hallucinated personal attributes are sufficiently generic. / Denna avhandling utvärderar olika modeller och tekniker för automatisk textsammanfattning för sammanfattning av CV:n. Avhandlingen har två mål: att undersöka modellernas prestanda på sammanfattning av CV:n och bedöma lämpligheten att använda de genererade sammanfattningar som CV-introduktioner. Även om automatisk abstrakt textsummering har fått fotfäste inom olika sammanhang är dess tillämpning inom CV-domänen ännu outforskad. CV:n utgör en unik utmaning för abstrakt textsammanfattning på grund av deras varierande stil, innehåll och längd. För att hantera dessa utmaningar valdes tre av de främsta förtränade modellerna inom textgenerering: BART, T5 och ProphetNet. Dessutom undersöktes två extra metoder som kan hantera längre CV:n. Det första tillvägagångssättet, kallat LongBART, modifierade BART-arkitekturen genom att inkludera självuppmärksamhet från Longformer-arkitekturen i kodaren. Det andra tillvägagångssättet, kallat HybridBART, använde en extraktiv-sen-abstraktiv sammanfattningsstrategi. Modellerna finjusterades med ett dataset med 653 CV-introduktionspar och utvärderades med hjälp av automatiska mått, samt två typer av mänsklig utvärdering: en enkätundersökning och intervjuer med experter. Ingen av modellerna visade överlägsenhet på alla kriterier och utvärderingsmått. Dock indikerade enkätsvaren att LongBART visade lovande resultat, genom att få högst poäng i tre av fem utvärderingskategorier. Å andra sidan fick ProphetNet lägst poäng i samtliga utvärderingskategorier, samt lägst poäng i alla automatiska mätningar. Expertintervjuer framhävde att de genererade sammanfattningarna inte kan anses vara pålitliga som fristående sammanfattningar på grund av förekomsten av hallucinerade personliga egenskaper. Trots detta finns det potential att använda dessa sammanfattningar som introduktioner, under förutsättningen att åtgärder vidtas för att säkerställa att hallucinerade personliga attribut är tillräckligt generiska.

Studies have identified perceived racism as one type of social stress that is believed to contribute to hypertension, though no studies to date have examined the relationship between perceived racism and blood pressure among foreign-born Mexicans living in the United States (U.S.). In addition, studies have shown that acculturation may increase levels of perceived discrimination among foreign-born Mexicans living in the U.S. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived racism and ambulatory blood pressure among a convenience sample of 332 foreign-born Mexicans living in Utah County, Utah controlling for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and acculturation. This was done through the use of several multiple regression analyses using archival data collected at Brigham Young University. The Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire—Community Version (Brief PEDQ—CV) was used to measure perceived racism. The Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans (ARSMA-II) was used to measure both language and general acculturation. Four blood pressure variables, including waking systolic blood pressure (WSBP), waking diastolic blood pressure (WDBP), sleeping systolic blood pressure (SSBP), and sleeping diastolic blood pressure (SDBP) were used as outcome variables in the regression analyses. A relationship between perceived racism and any of the ambulatory blood pressure variables used in this study was not found. In addition, English-language acculturation was not found to moderate the relationship between perceived racism and blood pressure in the sample of first generation Mexicans participating in this study. A moderating effect of general acculturation on the relationship between perceived racism and blood pressure was found when controlling for age, BMI, and gender, though this moderating effect disappeared when WDBP was included in the regression model. Implications of findings, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.

Betriebe werden immer vielfältiger. Diskussionen über dessen Vor- und Nachteile konzentrieren sich oft auf Leistungsaspekte, aber selten auf Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden. Da Arbeit das Wohlbefinden beeinflusst, betrachtet diese Dissertation in zwei Artikeln, wie Zusammenhänge zwischen sozialen Stressoren, sozialer Unterstützung und Wohlbefinden mit der Angehörigkeit zu einer ethnischen Minderheit und ethnischer Diversität in Arbeitsteams assoziiert sind. Um darüber hinaus Forschungsergebnisse anhand von Arbeit und Gesellschaft zu diskutieren, wurde das Arbeits-Gesellschafts-Widerspieglungsmodell entwickelt. Artikel 1 untersuchte, inwiefern sich Zusammenhänge zwischen Beschäftigten, die einer ethnischen Minderheit angehörten, und Beschäftigten, die der Mehrheit angehörten, unterschieden. In beiden Gruppen gab es einen negativen indirekten Zusammenhang zwischen verbaler Aggression durch Kund:innen und arbeitsbezogenem positivem Affekt über emotionale Dissonanz. Unerwarteterweise war bei Beschäftigten, die einer ethnischen Minderheit angehörten, die negative indirekte Beziehung zwischen verbaler Aggression durch Kund:innen und arbeitsbezogenem positivem Affekt dann besonders stark ausgeprägt, wenn ihre Vorgesetzten sie in hohem Maße unterstützten. Artikel 2 untersuchte, ob ethnische Diversität mit emotionalen Konflikten zusammenhängt und ob diese wiederum mit emotionaler Irritation korrelieren. Um Team- und Personenebene zu vergleichen, wurde ethnische Diversität auf beiden Ebenen in einem Mehrebenenmodell kombiniert. Die Ergebnisse wiesen auf einen Unterschied zwischen beiden Ebenen hin: Auf Teamebene gab es einen positiven Zusammenhang zwischen ethnischer Diversität und emotionaler Irritation, der durch emotionale Konflikte vermittelt wurde. Jedoch war dieser Zusammenhang auf Personenebene negativ, was die Komplexität ethnischer Diversität verdeutlicht. Abschließend diskutiere ich diese Forschungsergebnisse mithilfe des Arbeits-Gesellschafts-Widerspieglungsmodells. / Increased ethnic diversity in workplaces has fueled discussions on whether this diversity is an asset or a liability. These discussions often focused on performance but paid limited attention to well-being and health. As work represents an important determinant of well-being, this dissertation aimed to understand how associations between social stressors, social support, and well-being relate to ethnic minority status and ethnic diversity at work. Two papers addressed this aim. To discuss their research findings in the broader contexts of work and society, I introduced the work-society reflection model. Paper 1 examined ethnic minority status as a moderator in a multi-group path model. The analysis showed that the negative indirect association between customer verbal aggression and work-related positive affect via emotional dissonance did not vary between ethnic minority and ethnic majority workers. However, supervisor support moderated this indirect association only among ethnic minority workers. Unexpectedly, the negative indirect relationship between customer verbal aggression and work-related positive affect via emotional dissonance was stronger in ethnic minority workers with high levels of supervisor support. Paper 2 examined the association between ethnic diversity and emotional strain via emotional conflicts. To investigate whether this association varied between the team and individual levels, this paper combined ethnic diversity at both levels in a multilevel path model. In fact, the results indicated a difference between the team and individual levels: At the team level, ethnic diversity related positively to emotional strain via emotional conflicts. However, this association was negative at the individual level. This difference highlights the complexity of ethnic diversity. Finally, I integrated these research findings in the work-society reflection model to broaden the view on this topic and outlined implications for research and practice.