Ziel dieser Dissertation war es, ethnische Diskriminierung im zeitgenössischen Recruitment zu untersuchen. Diskriminierung im Recruitment wurde oft durch automatisches Aussortieren beim CV Screening oder durch unethisches Verhalten aufgrund von modernen Vorurteilen erklärt. Bisher war unklar, ob zeitgenössisches Recruitment von ethnischer Diskriminierung betroffen ist und welche psychologischen Mechanismen ggf. zu Diskriminierung führen. Um diese Forschungslücke zu füllen, habe ich in einem mixed-method-Ansatz drei empirische Studien durchgeführt: eine qualitative Interviewstudie, eine Analyse von Paneldaten und zwei Experimentalstudien. Die qualitative Inhaltsanalyse zeigte, dass aktive Suche und ausgelagertes Recruitment potenziell von Diskriminierung betroffen sind. Die Inhaltsanalyse deutete auf drei potenzielle Quellen für Diskriminierung hin: eigene Vorurteile von Recruiter*innen, Vorgaben von auftraggebenden Firmen, bestimmte Kandidat*innen auszuschließen und die Annahmen, dass Firmen bestimmte Kandidat*innen bevorzugen. In einem mixed logistic Model fand ich Evidenz in den Paneldaten dafür, dass Frauen, ältere Mitarbeiter*innen und Mitarbeiter*innen, die im südlichen/östlichen Europa geboren wurde, weniger aktiv angesprochen wurden und Frauen weniger Jobangebote erhielten. In den Online-Experimenten zeigte sich, dass Meta-Stereotypisierung, d.h. Annahmen über die Vorlieben von Firmen, größere Effekte auf die Einschätzung der Einstellungschancen von ethnischen Minoritäten hatte als eigene Vorurteile von Recruitern. Verringerte Einstellungschancen von ethnischen Minderheiten bei traditionellen Firmen wurden dabei von der Annahme vermittelt, dass eher deutsche Kandidat*innen und Kandidat*innen, die keiner Minderheit angehören, bevorzugt werden. Die Ergebnisse der drei Studien sind erste Belege dafür, dass zeitgenössisches Recruitment von Diskriminierung beeinflusst sein könnte. Meta-Stereotypisierung scheint dabei einen wichtigen Mechanismus darzustellen. / This dissertation focuses on ethnic discrimination in contemporary recruitment. According to dual process theories, attitudes can guide recruitment behavior when recruiters do not have sufficient time and motivation to control their behavior. But it is unclear whether contemporary recruitment is affected by ethnic discrimination and what psychological mechanisms drive this discrimination. I conducted three empirical studies to fill this research gap: a qualitative interview study, a panel study, and two online experiments. I found evidence that contemporary recruitment may indeed be affected by discrimination. The content analysis revealed that active sourcing approach and outside recruitment are potentially affected by ethnic discrimination. There was no support for the assumption that selection and assessment in contemporary recruitment is implicitly driven. A data-driven analysis revealed three sources of ethnic discrimination in contemporary recruitment: the recruiters’ own prejudices, the hiring managers’ request to sort certain candidate groups out, and the recruiters’ assumptions about companies’ preferences. The panel analysis found quantitative support for the assumption that marginalized group members are actively sourced less often. In a mixed logistic model, I found evidence that women, older employees, and employees born in Southern/Eastern Europe were actively sourced less often and that women were offered jobs less often. In the experiments, I compared the impact of recruiters’ own prejudices and meta-stereotyping—that is, assumptions about companies’ preferences—on the assessment of minority candidates. It turned out that meta-stereotyping showed larger effects on the assessment of the hiring chances of ethnic minorities than recruiters’ own prejudices. I consider these results first evidence that meta-stereotyping seems to reinforce stereotypical selections and lead to lower estimated job chances for minority candidates.

<p>  </p> <p>Most new vehicles manufactured in the last two years are connected vehicles (CV) that transmit back to the original equipment manufacturer at near real-time fidelity. These CVs generate billions of data points on an hourly basis, which can provide valuable data to agencies to improve the overall mobility experience for users. However, with this growing scale of CV big data, stakeholders need efficient and scalable methodologies that allow agencies to draw actionable insights from this large-scale data for daily operational use. This dissertation presents a suite of applications, illustrated through case studies, that use CV data for assessing and managing mobility and safety on surface transportation systems.</p> <p>A systematic review of construction zone CV data and crashes on Indiana’s interstates for the calendar year 2019, found a strong correlation between crashes and hard-braking event data reported by CVs. Trajectory-level CV data analyzed for a construction zone on interstate 70 provided valuable insights into travel time and traffic signal performance impacts on the surrounding road network. An 11-state analysis of electric and hybrid vehicle usage in proximity to public charging stations highlighted regions under and overserved by charging infrastructure, providing quantitative support for infrastructure investment allocations informed by real-world usage trends. CV data were further leveraged to document route choice behavior during active freeway incidents providing stakeholders with a historical record of observed routing patterns to inform future alternate route planning strategies. CV trajectory data analysis facilitated the identification of trip chaining activities resulting in improved outlier curation and realistic estimation of travel time metrics.</p> <p>The overall contribution of this thesis is developing analytical big data procedures to process billions of CV data records to inform engineering and public policy investments in infrastructure capacity, highway safety improvements, and new EV infrastructure. These scalable and efficient analysis techniques proposed in this dissertation will help agencies at the federal, state and local levels in addition to private sector stakeholders in assessing transportation system performance at-scale and enable informed data-driven decision making.</p>

Cette thèse a pour objectif d’étudier l’influence de la recharge rapide sur le vieillissement des batteries lithium, et son impact sur les performances des véhicules électriques dans le cadre d’une utilisation postale. La première partie est consacrée à la modélisation de batteries lithium par un modèle à circuit électriques équivalent, dont les paramètres sont identifiables par des tests de caractérisation linéaires. La deuxième partie est dédiée à l’étude du vieillissement, et abouti sur un estimateur de vieillissement par l’exploitation des données des tests de vieillissement accélérés. Ensuite, l’utilisation postale est étudiée, et un profil de courant représentatif de la sollicitation réelle de la batterie est proposé. Ce dernier a permis de valider le modèle de la batterie dans le domaine de l’utilisation postale. Ensuite un modèle de véhicules électriques est présenté, il intègre le modèle de batterie, tout en le faisant vieillir en utilisant l’estimateur de vieillissement. Enfin, les différentes stratégies de recharges possibles sont énumérées et comparées. Pour conclure sur leurs influences sur le vieillissement des batteries, et donc les performances de véhicules. / This thesis aims to study the influence of fast charging on the aging of lithium batteries, and its impact on the performances of electric vehicles as part of a postal use. The first part is devoted to the modeling of lithium batteries with an equivalent electric circuit model, whose parameters could be identified using linear characterization tests. The second part is dedicated to the study of aging, and results in an aging estimator using data collected from accelerated aging tests programs. Then the postal usage is studied, and a power profile representative of the actual load on the battery is provided. The latter was used to validate the model of the battery in the field of postal use. Then the postal use is studied, and a current profile representative of the real behavior of the battery is provided. This profile was used to validate the model of the battery in the postal use domain. Then a model of electric vehicles is presented, it integrates the battery model, which can simulates the aging state of the battery using the ageing estimator. Finally, the various possible strategies of recharge are listed and compared, which leads to conclusions about their influences on aging of batteries, and the vehicles performance.

Abstract : The objectives of this work were to prepare and characterize films of benzylic amide macrocycles and rotaxanes obtained by functionalisation of an acidterminated self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on gold, and thus to probe the aptitude of these surfaces for applications in the field of the nanotechnologies. We initially studied the self-assembled monolayer of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid and focused on its composition, structure and organization. We show that the molecules of alcanethiol are oriented with the acid group pointing out from the surface. The film is highly ordered with defect density below 0.2%. We investigated the functionalisation process with the covalently bound Mac-OH macrocycle, with the physisorbed Mac-pyridine macrocycle and with the naphtalimide rotaxane. The latter is also anchored to the SAM through a non-covalent interaction. We focused on the comprehension of both quantitative as qualitative characteristics of the films, such as the degree of functionalisation, their stability with respect to external constraints, their order and homogeneity, their structure and their orientation. By combining techniques such as X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, electrochemical and contact angle measurements, we demonstrated that the films of macrocycles reach a high degree of functionalisation. The layers are homogeneous and a preferential orientation of the macrocycle molecules with the plan of the ring tilted with respect to the surface and with the alkyl chains pointing-out from the films is observed. In addition, we studied the possibility of using the macrocycle films for molecular recognition, employing the Fc-Gly-Gly molecule as a model target. Through similar experiments and analysis, films of naphtalimide rotaxane were proven to give a good functionalisation of SAM. The molecule adsorbs with a preferential orientation of the linear axis parallel to the surface and the macrocycle unit normal to it. We characterized the fluorescent properties of the molecule due to the naphtalimide group and showed that when adsorbed on a gold substrate the presence of the self-assembled monolayer prevents total quenching. <br> Résumé : Les objectifs de ce travail étaient de caractériser des films de macrocycles et de rotaxanes de type amide benzylique obtenus par la fonctionnalisation de monocouches auto-assemblées d'alcanethiols, ayant un groupe acide terminal, sur une surface d'or, et ainsi de mettre en évidence certaines des potentialités de ces surfaces en vue d'applications éventuelles dans le domaine des nanotechnologies. Nous avons d'abord étudié la monocouche auto-assemblée de l'acide 11-mercaptoundecanoïque et particulièrement les aspects tels que la composition, la structure et l'organisation du film et nous avons mis en évidence que les molécules d'alcanethiol sont orientées dans le film avec le groupe acide vers l'extérieur de la surface, de façon à pouvoir interagir avec les molécules à greffer, et que le degré d'ordre de la monocouche est très élevé, en montrant celle-ci une fraction de défauts inférieure au 0.2% de l'aire totale du film. L'étude de la fonctionnalisation successive avec le macrocycle Mac-OH, lié de façon covalente, et le macrocycle Mac-pyridine ainsi que la rotaxane naphtalimide, ancrés à travers une interaction non-covalente à la monocouche auto-assemblée, a porté une attention particulière à la compréhension d'aspects tels que le degré de recouvrement de la surface, la stabilité vis-à-vis de contraintes externes, l'ordre et l'homogénéité, ainsi que la structure des films et l'orientation des molécules. Grâce à la combinaison de techniques telles que l'XPS, l'IRAS, les techniques électrochimiques, les mesures d'angle de contact et l'AFM, nous avons mis en évidence que les films de macrocycle atteignent un recouvrement élevé et homogène de la monocouche autoassemblée et qu'une orientation des molécules de macrocycle, avec une inclinaison du plan de l'anneau par rapport à la surface et pointant leurs chaînes alkyles vers l'extérieure du film, est observée. Ensuite, nous avons abordé la possibilité d'impliquer les films de macrocycle en tant que récepteurs moléculaires d'une molécule modèle, la Fc-Gly-Gly. Par une caractérisation similaire, les films de la rotaxane naphtalimide ont montré d'atteindre un recouvrement élevé de la surface de la monocouche avec une orientation privilégiée des molécules avec l'axe parallèle et le macrocycle perpendiculaire à la surface pour pouvoir interagir, à travers les fonctions pyridine du macrocycle, avec la monocouche. De plus, nous avons caractérisé les propriétés fluorescentes de la molécule, résidantes dans son groupe naphtalimide, lorsqu'elle est adsorbée sur un substrat métallique, l'or, affectées par la présence de la monocouche auto-assemblée.

A trial was conducted to evaluate forage production potential, forage intake and milk production in two perennial tropical grasses under continuous grazing of lactating cows, in the growth seasons of 2003/04 and 2004/05, in Palmeira das Missões/RS. Twelve tester animaIs were distributed in two paddocks per treatment, using "put-and-take" technique to adjust stocking rates. Evaluated treatments were Dwarf Elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott) and Tifton 85 (Cynodon dactylon x C. nlemfuensis) pastures. Under the proposed management criteria (4 % of leaf lamina allowance), Tifton 85 demonstrates to be less sensible to forage production and stocking rate reduction under adverse climate conditions, with relative stability of forage mass available. Its superiority in individual animal performance, in more favourable conditions (2003/04 growth season), when compared to Dwarf Elephantgrass, should be related to the allowance used. Maintaining low levels of leaf lamina on offer could be limiting to cows' individual performance, rebounding negatively over persistency of the pastures. The evaluated species presented different structures and forage densities in the most accessible strata to grazing by the animaIs. However, those differences didn't affect the chemical composition of these layers nor of its respective of its respective "hand-plucking" samples, causing similar forage intake. Higher individual animal production indices were found, indicating a little known potential for perennial tropical grasses in milk from pasture systems. / Para avaliar o potencial forrageiro, o consumo de forragem e a produção de leite em duas gramíneas perenes tropicais sob pastejo contínuo de vacas em lactação, foi conduzido um experimento nos anos agrícolas de 2003/04 e 2004/05, em Palmeira das Missões/RS. Foram utilizados 12 animais testes, distribuídos em dois piquetes por tratamento, adotando-se a técnica dos animais reguladores para ajustes da carga animal. Os tratamentos avaliados foram pastagens de Capim Elefante Anão (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott) e Tifton 85 (Cynodon dactylon x C. nlemfuensis). Sob o critério de manejo proposto (oferta de 4 % de lâminas foliares), o Tifton 85 demonstra ser menos sensível à redução da produção forrageira e capacidade de carga sob condições adversas de clima, com relativa manutenção da massa de forragem disponível. Sua superioridade em produção individual por animal, em condições mais favoráveis (ano agrícola 2003/04), quando comparado ao Capim Elefante Anão, deve estar relacionada à oferta utilizada. A manutenção de níveis reduzidos de oferta de lâminas foliares pode ter sido limitante ao desempenho individual das vacas, repercutindo também de forma negativa na persistência produtiva das pastagens. As espécies estudadas apresentaram distintas estruturas e densidades de forragem nos estratos mais acessíveis ao pastejo pelos animais. Contudo, tais diferenças estruturais não afetaram a composição química destas camadas ou das respectivas simulações de pastejo, acarretando em consumo de forragem similar. Foram registrados elevados índices de produção animal individual, indicando um potencial pouco conhecido das gramíneas tropicais em sistemas de produção de leite a pasto.

Les substrats Silicium-sur-Isolant (SOI) représentent la meilleure solution pour obtenir des dispositifs microélectroniques ayant de hautes performances. Des méthodes de caractérisation électrique sont nécessaires pour contrôler la qualité SOI avant la réalisation complète de transistors. La configuration classique utilisée pour les mesures du SOI est le pseudo-MOFSET. Dans cette thèse, nous nous concentrons sur l'amélioration des techniques autour du Ψ-MOFSET, pour la caractérisation des plaques SOI et III-V. Le protocole expérimental de mesures statiques ID-VG a été amélioré par l'utilisation d'un contact par le vide en face arrière, permettant ainsi d'augmenter la stabilité des mesures. De plus, il a été prouvé que ce contact est essentiel pour obtenir des valeurs correctes de capacité avec les méthodes split-CV et quasi-statique. L'extraction des valeurs de Dit avec split-CV a été explorée, et un model physique nous a permis de démontrer que ceci n'est pas possible pour des échantillons SOI typiquement utilisés, à cause de la constante de temps reliée à la formation du canal. Cette limitation a été résolue un effectuant des mesures de capacité quasi-statique (QSCV). La signature des Dit a été mise en évidence expérimentalement et expliquée physiquement. Dans le cas d'échantillons passivés, les mesures QSCV sont plus sensibles à l'interface silicium-BOX. Pour les échantillons non passivés, un grand pic dû à des défauts d'interface apparait pour des valeurs d'énergie bien identifiées et correspondant aux défauts à l'interface film de silicium-oxyde natif. Nous présentons des mesures de bruit à basses fréquences, ainsi qu'un model physique démontrant que le signal émerge de régions localisées autour des contacts source et drain. / Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates represent the best solution to achieve high performance devices. Electrical characterization methods are required to monitor the material quality before full transistor fabrication. The classical configuration used for SOI measurements is the pseudo-MOSFET. In this thesis, we focused on the enrichment of techniques in Ψ-MOSFET for the characterization of bare SOI and III-V wafers. The experimental setup for static ID-VG was improved using a vacuum contact for the back gate, increasing the measurement stability. Furthermore, this contact proved to be critical for achieving correct capacitance values with split-CV and quasi-static techniques (QSCV). We addressed the possibility to extract Dit values from split-CV and we demonstrated by modeling that it is impossible in typical sized SOI samples because of the time constant associated to the channel formation. The limitation was solved performing QSCV measurements. Dit signature was experimentally evidenced and physically described. Several SOI structures (thick and ultra-thin silicon films and BOX) were characterized. In case of passivated samples, the QSCV is mostly sensitive to the silicon film-BOX interface. In non-passivated wafers, a large defect related peak appears at constant energy value, independently of the film thickness; it is associated to the native oxide present on the silicon surface. For low-frequency noise measurements, a physical model proved that the signal arises from localized regions surrounding the source and drain contacts.

Cette thèse se concentre sur la fiabilité des batteries lithium pour des applications véhicules à faible émission en CO2. Pour cela, des méthodologies de caractérisation électriques et thermiques, des protocoles et des tests de vieillissement de batteries lithium sous différents modes (cyclage actif, calendaire simple et cyclage/calendaire) ont été mis en œuvre.Une première partie de ces travaux de thèse s’attache à la modélisation et à l’estimation des états de charge et de santé de la batterie.La deuxième partie est consacrée à l’étude du vieillissement calendaire des batteries lithium utilisant la spectroscopie d’impédance comme méthode de caractérisation. Ensuite, une méthode originale pour l’évaluation de l’état santé de la batterie est proposée. Elle est basée sur l’exploitation de l’étape de charge à tension constante lors d’une recharge complète et est donc bien adaptée à une intégration au sein d’un système de gestion de batterie. L’approche introduite est validée sur des données réelles de vieillissement allant jusqu’à deux ans de test.Enfin, une étude du phénomène de régénération de la capacité suite à un vieillissement des batteries de type combiné cyclage/calendaire est menée. Cette dernière partie constitue une ouverture pour le développement de stratégies d’usage des batteries lithium en incluant leur comportement thermique. / In this thesis, we focus on the reliability of lithium batteries used for automotive applications. For this purpose, electric and thermal characterization methodologies as well as aging tests under several modes (calendar, power cycling, calendar/power cycling) are carried out.In a first part of the work, battery modeling and battery state estimation (state-of-charge and state-of-health) are considered.Then, based on periodic characterization from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, calendar aging is investigated. Next, we proposed an original process for precise battery state-of-health determination that exploits a full recharge and mainly constant-voltage charge step which allows easily its integration within a battery management system. Our experimental results, up to two years real-life data, confirm effectiveness of our technique.Finally, we study the capacity recovery phenomenon occurring due to combined battery aging (calendar/power cycling). This final part is almost dedicated to introduce strategies for battery use presenting at the same time a thermal behavior study.

In der vorliegenden Dissertation werden vier Studien vorgestellt, in denen untersucht wurde, wie altrozentrische (Mimikry) und egozentrische (Selbstprojektion) Prozesse der sozialen Kognition in Abhängigkeit vom sozialen Kontext und persönlichen Dispositionen reguliert werden. Studie 1 zeigte, dass die Tendenz, fröhliche Gesichtsausdrücke anderer nachzuahmen abhängig von dem mit der beobachteten Person assoziierten Belohnungswert ist. Die Auswirkung der Belohnung ging jedoch weder in die vorhergesagte Richtung, noch konnten wir einen Einfluss von Oxytocin, einem Hormon, das der Neurobiologie der sozialen Anpassung zugrunde liegt, finden. Studie 2 zeigte, im Vergleich zu vorherigen Studien, keine allgemeine Verbesserung der automatischen Nachahmung nach direktem Blickkontakt im Vergleich zum abgewandten Blick. Wir konnten jedoch potenzielle dispositionelle Faktoren (z.B. autistische Eigenschaften) identifizieren, denen unterschiedlichen Mimikry-Reaktionen auf den Blickkontakt zugrunde liegen könnten. Studie 3 kombinierte kurze Phasen der Emotionsinduktion mit psychophysischen Messungen der Emotionswahrnehmung. Es zeigte sich, dass emotionale Gesichtsausdrücke tendenziell als fröhlicher beurteilt werden, wenn Personen angeben, dass sie sich fröhlich im Vergleich zu traurig fühlen. Emotionale egozentrische Verzerrungen wurden in Studie 4 erneut untersucht. Im Gegensatz zu unseren Vorhersagen fanden wir jedoch keine stärkeren egozentrischen Verzerrungen, wenn die Teilnehmenden emotionale Gesichtsausdrücke von ähnlichen im Vergleich zu unähnlichen Personen beurteilten. In allen Studien fanden wir Hinweise für den kontextabhängigen Charakter der sozialen Kognition. Allerdings konnten wir einige der in der Literatur berichteten Phänomene nicht replizieren. Diese Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit, die Robustheit und Generalisierbarkeit früherer Befunde systematisch neu zu bewerten. / This dissertation presents four studies that investigated how altercentric (mimicry) and egocentric (self-projection) processes of social cognition are regulated according to the social context and personal dispositions. Study 1 showed that the tendency to mimic others’ happy facial expressions depends on the reward value associated with the observed agent. However, the effects of reward were not in the hypothesised direction, nor could we detect an influence of oxytocin treatment, a hormone involved in the neurobiology of social adaptation. Study 2 could not detect a general enhancement of the tendency to automatically imitate others’ hand actions following direct gaze compared to averted gaze, in contrast to previous studies. However, we could identify dispositional factors (e.g., autistic traits) that might underlie different mimicry responses to gaze cues. Combining brief emotion induction blocks with psychophysical measures of emotion perception, Study 3 showed that facial emotional expressions tend to be judged as happier when individuals feel happy than when they feel sad. Emotional egocentric biases were replicated in Study 4. But contrary to our predictions, we did not find stronger egocentric biases when participants judged emotional facial expressions of similar compared to dissimilar others. Across all studies, we found evidence supporting the contextual nature of social cognition. However, we could not replicate some of the phenomena reported in the literature. These results highlight the need to systematically re-evaluate the robustness and generalizability of prior findings.

Ett ljudfenomen som uppstår i samband med luftkomprimeringen i den nya D7 motorn har uppmärksammats som ett problem av kunderna. Ljudfenomenet som resonerar i hytten bidrar till en obehaglig arbetsmiljö. Uppdraget har i sin tur varit att utveckla en luftkompressormonterad ljuddämpare mot en kravspecifikation som eliminerar detta fenomen. Med hjälp av diverse verktyg och en spiral produktutvecklingsprocess utfördes ett flertal iterationer av dem koncept som kan tänkas lösa problemet. Dessa iterationer konstruerades i mjukvaran CATIA V5 för att sedan beställas in som fysiska prototyper i materialet Pa12. För att bekräfta prototypernas funktionalitet utfördes simuleringar samt fysiska tester. Det resulterande arbetet blev ett konceptförslag till Scania CV AB som uppfyller kravspecifikationerna. Lösningens ljuddämpningsförmågan reducerade ljudfenomenet med 73% i genomsnitt. Med hjälp av observationer och analyser under de fysiska testgenomförandet uppmärksammades komplikationer som bör åtgärdas. Det mest kritiska med det nuvarande konceptet är dem vibrationer som uppstår. För att åtgärda detta problem kommer det krävas ytterligare infästningspunkter på motsvarande sida till de nuvarande. All mätdata i denna rapport är modifierat. Detta för att skydda känslig information. / A noise phenomenon that arises in connection with air compression in the new D7 engine has been noted as a problem by the customers. The sound phenomenon resonates in the cabin contributes to an unpleasant work environment. The mission, in turn, has been to develop an air compressor-mounted silencer against a requirement specification to eliminate this phenomenon. Using various tools and a spiral product development process, a number of iterations were made of those concepts that could solve the problem. These iterations were engineered in the CATIA V5 software, then ordered as physical prototypes in the material Pa12. To confirm the prototypes' functionality, simulations and physical tests were performed. The resulting work became a concept proposal for Scania CV AB that meets the requirements specifications. The solution managed to reduce the sound phenomenon by 73% on average. With the help of observations and analyzes during the physical test implementation, complications were noted that should be addressed. The most critical on the current concept is the vibration that occurs. To fix this problem additional attachment points will be required on the corresponding side to the current ones. All data in this report have been modified. This is to protect sensitive information.

Capacitive deionization is a promising technology for purification and desalination of brackish water with great advantages over current technologies due to its low operating cost and high-water recovery ratio. Most of the system studied relies on the adsorption/desorption capacity of activated carbon electrodes due to its high surface area. However, its specific adsorption capacity is limited since the adsorption is predominantly on the surface of the electrodes. In this thesis we propose the use of polyaniline as a chloride-ion adsorption material. Polyaniline is a redox polymer able to accommodate anions in several of its three states when subjected to an external voltage. To this end, we synthesized polyaniline by electrodeposition technique and its electrochemical behavior was studied. A hybrid CDI system was assembled, using PANI as anode material and activated carbon cloth as cathode, showing outstanding adsorption of 37.26 mg/g Cl at current densities of 250 A/g. The energy consumption of this system was of 0.4979 kWh/m3. Its stability was evaluated over 50 cycles with negligible capacity loss. Along with its use in a CDI system, the aim of this thesis was to understand the mechanisms of operation of this material, by means of its physical and electrochemical characterization, as well as its efficiency and stability through the use of this material in capacitive deionization cells. / Kapacitiv avjonisering är en lovande teknik för rening och avsaltning av bräckt vatten med stora fördelar jämfört med nuvarande teknik på grund av dess låga driftskostnader och höga vattenåtervinningsgrad. De flesta av de studerade systemen bygger på adsorptions/desorptionskapaciteten hos elektroder av aktivt kol på grund av dess stora yta. Dess specifika adsorptionskapacitet är dock begränsad eftersom adsorptionen huvudsakligen sker på elektrodernas yta. I den här avhandlingen föreslår vi att polyanilin används som adsorptionsmaterial för kloridjoner. Polyanilin är en redoxpolymer som kan ta emot anjoner i flera av sina tre tillstånd när den utsätts för en extern spänning. För detta ändamål syntetiserade vi polyanilin genom elektrodepositionsteknik och dess elektrokemiska beteende studerades. Ett hybrid CDI-system monterades med PANI som anodmaterial och aktiverad kolduk som katod, vilket visade en enastående adsorption av 37,26 mg/g Cl vid en strömtäthet på 250 A/g. Energiförbrukningen för detta system var 0,4979 kWh/m3. Systemets stabilitet utvärderades över 50 cykler med försumbar kapacitetsförlust. Förutom användningen i ett CDI-system var syftet med denna avhandling att förstå detta materials funktionsmekanismer genom fysisk och elektrokemisk karakterisering samt dess effektivitet och stabilitet genom användning av detta material i kapacitiva avjoniseringsceller.